目的探究5天技能性切咬训练能否引起咬肌运动皮质控制区域的兴奋性变化。方法 对12名健康受试者进行5天×1h的技能性切咬训练,在第1天及第5天训练前后,评估受试者的技能掌握情况。利用导航经颅磁刺激技术,检测受试者右侧咬肌及第一...目的探究5天技能性切咬训练能否引起咬肌运动皮质控制区域的兴奋性变化。方法 对12名健康受试者进行5天×1h的技能性切咬训练,在第1天及第5天训练前后,评估受试者的技能掌握情况。利用导航经颅磁刺激技术,检测受试者右侧咬肌及第一指骨间肌(对照组)的皮质控制区域运动诱发电位,评估其兴奋性变化。结果 5天切咬训练中,受试者对技能训练的掌握程度逐渐增加( P <0.001);训练前后,咬肌皮质控制区域出现兴奋性增加( P <0.001),而第一指骨间肌的皮质控制区域兴奋性无明显变化( P =0.725)。结论 5天技能性切咬训练引起下颌运动的精细调整,诱发咬肌皮质控制区域特异性兴奋性变化,这可能与神经系统对环境的适应性改变有关。展开更多
重复经颅磁刺激（repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation，rTMS）是一种非侵入性的大脑刺激技术，可在一定程度上改变大脑运动皮质兴奋性，具有无痛、无创、操作简单等优点[1]。由于客观因素或个体差异，受试者在接受rTMS后，...重复经颅磁刺激（repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation，rTMS）是一种非侵入性的大脑刺激技术，可在一定程度上改变大脑运动皮质兴奋性，具有无痛、无创、操作简单等优点[1]。由于客观因素或个体差异，受试者在接受rTMS后，其神经电生理及行为学的改变不尽相同[2-3]。在其影响因素中，较为重要的客观因素是rTMS的治疗参数，除此之外，不同刺激干预措施及受试者个体差异也会对rTMS产生影响，诱导其产生长时程增强（10ng-term potentiation，LTP）或长时程抑制（10ng-term depression，LTD）效应[4-8]。展开更多
The effects of exercise on decision-making performance have been studied using a wide variety of cognitive tasks and exercise interventions. Although the current literature supports a beneficial influence of acute exe...The effects of exercise on decision-making performance have been studied using a wide variety of cognitive tasks and exercise interventions. Although the current literature supports a beneficial influence of acute exercise on cognitive performance, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not yet been elucidated. We review studies that used single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation （TMS） to probe the excitability of motor structures during whole-body exercise and present a framework to account for the facilitating effects of acute exercise on motor processes. Recent results suggest that, even in the absence of fatigue, the increase in corticospinal excitability classically reported during submaximal and exhausting exercises may be accompanied by a reduction in intracortical inhibition. We propose that reduced intracortical inhibition elicits an adaptive central mechanism that counteracts the progressive reduction in muscle responsiveness caused by peripheral fatigue. Such a reduction would render the motor cortex more sensitive to upstream influences, thus causing increased corticospinal excitability. Furthermore, reduction of intracortical inhibition may account for the more efficient descending drive and for the improvement of reaction time performance during exercise. The adaptive modulation in intracortical inhibition could be implemented through a general increase in reticular activation that would further account for enhanced sensory sensitivity.展开更多
文摘目的探究5天技能性切咬训练能否引起咬肌运动皮质控制区域的兴奋性变化。方法 对12名健康受试者进行5天×1h的技能性切咬训练,在第1天及第5天训练前后,评估受试者的技能掌握情况。利用导航经颅磁刺激技术,检测受试者右侧咬肌及第一指骨间肌(对照组)的皮质控制区域运动诱发电位,评估其兴奋性变化。结果 5天切咬训练中,受试者对技能训练的掌握程度逐渐增加( P <0.001);训练前后,咬肌皮质控制区域出现兴奋性增加( P <0.001),而第一指骨间肌的皮质控制区域兴奋性无明显变化( P =0.725)。结论 5天技能性切咬训练引起下颌运动的精细调整,诱发咬肌皮质控制区域特异性兴奋性变化,这可能与神经系统对环境的适应性改变有关。
文摘The effects of exercise on decision-making performance have been studied using a wide variety of cognitive tasks and exercise interventions. Although the current literature supports a beneficial influence of acute exercise on cognitive performance, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not yet been elucidated. We review studies that used single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation （TMS） to probe the excitability of motor structures during whole-body exercise and present a framework to account for the facilitating effects of acute exercise on motor processes. Recent results suggest that, even in the absence of fatigue, the increase in corticospinal excitability classically reported during submaximal and exhausting exercises may be accompanied by a reduction in intracortical inhibition. We propose that reduced intracortical inhibition elicits an adaptive central mechanism that counteracts the progressive reduction in muscle responsiveness caused by peripheral fatigue. Such a reduction would render the motor cortex more sensitive to upstream influences, thus causing increased corticospinal excitability. Furthermore, reduction of intracortical inhibition may account for the more efficient descending drive and for the improvement of reaction time performance during exercise. The adaptive modulation in intracortical inhibition could be implemented through a general increase in reticular activation that would further account for enhanced sensory sensitivity.
