Acute pancreatitis(AP)is one of the most common diseases.AP is associated with significant morbidity and mortality,but it lacks specific and effective therapies.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is one of the most popu...Acute pancreatitis(AP)is one of the most common diseases.AP is associated with significant morbidity and mortality,but it lacks specific and effective therapies.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is one of the most popular complementary and alternative medicine modalities worldwide for the treatment of AP.The current evidence from basic research and clinical studies has shown that TCM has good therapeutic effects on AP.This review summarizes the widely used formulas,single herbs and monomers that are used to treat AP and the potential underlying mechanisms of TCM.Because of the abundance,low cost,and safety of TCM as well as its ability to target various aspects of the pathogenesis,TCM provides potential clinical benefits and a new avenue with tremendous potential for the future treatment of AP.展开更多
To develop a colon-targeting bioreversible delivery system for β-boswellic acid (BBA) and explore utility of its prodrugs in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats.METHODSSynthesis of 4 co...To develop a colon-targeting bioreversible delivery system for β-boswellic acid (BBA) and explore utility of its prodrugs in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats.METHODSSynthesis of 4 co-drugs of BBA with essential amino acids was achieved by CDI coupling, followed by their spectral characterization. In vitro kinetics were studied by HPLC in aqueous buffers, homogenates of gastrointestinal tract and fecal matter. In vivo kinetic studies were performed in Wistar rat plasma, urine and feces. The prodrugs were screened in TNBS-induced colitis modeled Wistar rats. Statistical significance was assumed at P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001 when compared with disease controls using one-way and two-way ANOVAs.RESULTSProdrugs were stable in 0.05 mol/L HCl buffer (pH 1.2) and stomach homogenates. Negligible hydrolysis was observed in phosphate buffer and intestinal homogenates. Substantial release (55%-72% and 68%-86%) of BBA was achieved in rat fecal matter and homogenates of colon. In vivo studies of BBA with L-tryptophan (BT) authenticated colon-specific release of BBA. But, surprisingly substantial concentration of BBA was seen to reach the systemic circulation due to probable absorption through colonic mucosa. Site-specifically enhanced bioavailability of BBA could be achieved in colon, which resulted in demonstration of significant mitigating effect on TNBS-induced colitis in rats without inducing any adverse effects on stomach, liver and pancreas. Prodrug of BT was found to be 1.7% (P < 0.001) superior than sulfasalazine in reducing the inflammation to colon among all prodrugs tested.CONCLUSIONThe outcome of this study strongly suggests that these prodrugs might have dual applicability to inflammatory bowel disease and chronotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis.展开更多
Low-carbon Economy is a kind of economic developing mode which takes low energy consumption,low pollution and low discharge as its foundation. It is another important revolution of the human society after the agricult...Low-carbon Economy is a kind of economic developing mode which takes low energy consumption,low pollution and low discharge as its foundation. It is another important revolution of the human society after the agriculture civilization and industry civilization. It deals with various fields including low-carbon energy,low-carbon agriculture,low-carbon industry,low-carbon transportation and low-carbon life,etc. Among those,low-carbon transportation is one of the important contents. Since high speed railway uses electricity as driving force,it runs without discharging waste gas,and it is a kind of clean and green transportation with little dust and smoke black. Therefore,the study of the relationship between the high speed railway and low-carbon economy is becoming one of the important frontier problems that confronting the theoretic circle. With demonstration analysis and comparative analysis,this paper discusses the comparative advantages of high speed railway in terms of energy saving and environment protection,treatment of sound pollution,land saving and reduction of external cost(mainly pollution treatment cost) ,etc. compared with the other transportation modes and ordinary railway. Taking Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway as an example,the paper further demonstrates the distinctive advantages in respect of energy conservation and emission reduction. Besides,the paper also predicates the low-carbon effects after several high speed railways is put into operation in a few years. It is concluded that the development of high speed railways will meet the need of low-carbon economy and is significant for sustainable and steady development of economy and society.展开更多
A hybrid thinning algorithm for binary topography maps is proposed on the basis of parallel thinning templates in this paper.The algorithm has a high processing speed and the strong ability of noise immunity and prese...A hybrid thinning algorithm for binary topography maps is proposed on the basis of parallel thinning templates in this paper.The algorithm has a high processing speed and the strong ability of noise immunity and preservation of connectivity and skeleton symmetry. Experimental results show that the algorithm can solve the thinning problem of binary maps effectively.展开更多
In the eukaryotic transcriptome, both the numbers of genes and different RNA species produced by each gene contribute to the overall complexity. These RNA species are generated by the utilization of different transcri...In the eukaryotic transcriptome, both the numbers of genes and different RNA species produced by each gene contribute to the overall complexity. These RNA species are generated by the utilization of different transcriptional initiation or termination sites, or more commonly, from different messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing events. Among the 30 000+ genes in human genome, it is estimated that more than 95% of them can generate more than one gene product via alternative RNA splicing. The protein products generated from different RNA splicing variants can have different intracellular localization, activity, or tissue-distribution. Therefore, alternative RNA splicing is an important molecular process that contributes to the overall complexity of the genome and the functional specificity and diversity among different cell types. In this review, we will discuss current efforts to unravel the full complexity of the cardiac transcriptome using a deep-sequencing approach, and highlight the potential of this technology to uncover the global impact of RNA splicing on the transcriptome during development and diseases of the heart.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30171167,No.30901945Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,No.20130201130009+1 种基金Science and Technology Program of Shaanxi Province,No.2012KTCQ03-15Science Research Foundation of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,No.YJ(QN)201311)
文摘Acute pancreatitis(AP)is one of the most common diseases.AP is associated with significant morbidity and mortality,but it lacks specific and effective therapies.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is one of the most popular complementary and alternative medicine modalities worldwide for the treatment of AP.The current evidence from basic research and clinical studies has shown that TCM has good therapeutic effects on AP.This review summarizes the widely used formulas,single herbs and monomers that are used to treat AP and the potential underlying mechanisms of TCM.Because of the abundance,low cost,and safety of TCM as well as its ability to target various aspects of the pathogenesis,TCM provides potential clinical benefits and a new avenue with tremendous potential for the future treatment of AP.
文摘To develop a colon-targeting bioreversible delivery system for β-boswellic acid (BBA) and explore utility of its prodrugs in 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats.METHODSSynthesis of 4 co-drugs of BBA with essential amino acids was achieved by CDI coupling, followed by their spectral characterization. In vitro kinetics were studied by HPLC in aqueous buffers, homogenates of gastrointestinal tract and fecal matter. In vivo kinetic studies were performed in Wistar rat plasma, urine and feces. The prodrugs were screened in TNBS-induced colitis modeled Wistar rats. Statistical significance was assumed at P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001 when compared with disease controls using one-way and two-way ANOVAs.RESULTSProdrugs were stable in 0.05 mol/L HCl buffer (pH 1.2) and stomach homogenates. Negligible hydrolysis was observed in phosphate buffer and intestinal homogenates. Substantial release (55%-72% and 68%-86%) of BBA was achieved in rat fecal matter and homogenates of colon. In vivo studies of BBA with L-tryptophan (BT) authenticated colon-specific release of BBA. But, surprisingly substantial concentration of BBA was seen to reach the systemic circulation due to probable absorption through colonic mucosa. Site-specifically enhanced bioavailability of BBA could be achieved in colon, which resulted in demonstration of significant mitigating effect on TNBS-induced colitis in rats without inducing any adverse effects on stomach, liver and pancreas. Prodrug of BT was found to be 1.7% (P < 0.001) superior than sulfasalazine in reducing the inflammation to colon among all prodrugs tested.CONCLUSIONThe outcome of this study strongly suggests that these prodrugs might have dual applicability to inflammatory bowel disease and chronotherapy of rheumatoid arthritis.
文摘Low-carbon Economy is a kind of economic developing mode which takes low energy consumption,low pollution and low discharge as its foundation. It is another important revolution of the human society after the agriculture civilization and industry civilization. It deals with various fields including low-carbon energy,low-carbon agriculture,low-carbon industry,low-carbon transportation and low-carbon life,etc. Among those,low-carbon transportation is one of the important contents. Since high speed railway uses electricity as driving force,it runs without discharging waste gas,and it is a kind of clean and green transportation with little dust and smoke black. Therefore,the study of the relationship between the high speed railway and low-carbon economy is becoming one of the important frontier problems that confronting the theoretic circle. With demonstration analysis and comparative analysis,this paper discusses the comparative advantages of high speed railway in terms of energy saving and environment protection,treatment of sound pollution,land saving and reduction of external cost(mainly pollution treatment cost) ,etc. compared with the other transportation modes and ordinary railway. Taking Beijing-Tianjin Intercity Railway as an example,the paper further demonstrates the distinctive advantages in respect of energy conservation and emission reduction. Besides,the paper also predicates the low-carbon effects after several high speed railways is put into operation in a few years. It is concluded that the development of high speed railways will meet the need of low-carbon economy and is significant for sustainable and steady development of economy and society.
文摘A hybrid thinning algorithm for binary topography maps is proposed on the basis of parallel thinning templates in this paper.The algorithm has a high processing speed and the strong ability of noise immunity and preservation of connectivity and skeleton symmetry. Experimental results show that the algorithm can solve the thinning problem of binary maps effectively.
基金supported partially by Broad Stem Cell Research Center(BSCRC) Pre-doctoral Fellowship in UCLAthe National Institutes of Health,USA
文摘In the eukaryotic transcriptome, both the numbers of genes and different RNA species produced by each gene contribute to the overall complexity. These RNA species are generated by the utilization of different transcriptional initiation or termination sites, or more commonly, from different messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing events. Among the 30 000+ genes in human genome, it is estimated that more than 95% of them can generate more than one gene product via alternative RNA splicing. The protein products generated from different RNA splicing variants can have different intracellular localization, activity, or tissue-distribution. Therefore, alternative RNA splicing is an important molecular process that contributes to the overall complexity of the genome and the functional specificity and diversity among different cell types. In this review, we will discuss current efforts to unravel the full complexity of the cardiac transcriptome using a deep-sequencing approach, and highlight the potential of this technology to uncover the global impact of RNA splicing on the transcriptome during development and diseases of the heart.
