对一○五具水中尸体的分析

——摘自《法医学基本知识》(武汉)——水中尸体情况比较复杂,有单纯溺死的,也有属于暴力窒息或暴力损伤而死的;有自杀、他杀和意外失足的。尸体的损伤来源以及损伤性质、程度、部位、性状也各有不同。而且水中尸体往往腐败较快,给检验工作造成一定困难。因此,对水中尸体进行综合分析研究,从中找出规律性,为检验水中尸体提供科学根据是很有必要的。

不同种类及浓度的植物生长调节剂对具鳞水柏枝扦插生根的影响

为探讨不同种类及浓度的植物生长调节剂对具鳞水柏枝嫩枝扦插生根效果,以1年生具鳞水柏枝当年生嫩枝为研究对象,采用完全随机分组设计,以不同浓度梯度的3种植物生长调节剂处理插穗,对比和分析不同处理下的生根率及其根系相关指标。结果表明:短时间内,IBA能够有效地提高具鳞水柏枝的生根速度及效率;植物生长调节剂下的生根率顺序为SA>IBA> CK> NAA,其生根效果之间不存在显著性差异;使用50 mg/L NAA处理插穗,生根系数量显著高于其他处理组,达16.68条。可见,植物生长调节剂对具鳞水柏枝嫩枝扦插效果显著,但不同生长调节剂生根效果存异,其中50 mg/L IBA对具鳞水柏枝嫩枝生根效果最佳。

青海湖流域沙柳河湿地草地和具鳞水柏枝灌丛小气候特征研究

本文利用波文比系统和ECH2O土壤水分监测系统在青海湖流域沙柳河下游同一河道断面监测的两种典型湿地植被群落类型——草地和具鳞水柏枝灌丛的空气温度、相对湿度、净辐射、土壤热通量和土壤温度等数据,对流域内两种湿地植被群落的小气候特征进行了研究,研究发现:受大气候的变化影响,草地和具鳞水柏枝灌丛的空气温度日变化呈现出相同的变化趋势,在整个生长季具鳞水柏枝灌丛月平均值显著高于草地,具鳞水柏枝灌丛群落上层的空气温度高于群落下层,而草地上下层没有显著差异;具鳞水柏枝灌丛和草地空气相对湿度日变化规律相同,白天较低,晚上较高,在整个植物的生长季,草地和具鳞水柏枝灌丛空气相对湿度差异显著;草地和具鳞水柏枝灌丛群落冠层净辐射的日变化均呈单峰曲线,在7—9月份,具鳞水柏枝灌丛冠层与草地冠层的净辐射差异显著;草地和具鳞水柏枝灌丛地下5 cm土壤热通量的日变化呈单峰曲线,月变化趋势较为类似,具鳞水柏枝灌丛变化幅度显著大于草地;在整个植被生长季草地和具鳞水柏枝灌丛地下10 cm土壤温度日变化曲线呈相似的形状,月变化趋势基本一致,但是草地的月均值大于具鳞水柏枝灌丛;草地在白天和夜晚均由大气向地表输送热量,具鳞水柏枝灌丛在白天由大气向地表输送热量,而在晚上基本是由地表向大气输送热量;在两种湿地植被群落中,白天是水汽蒸发的过程,而夜晚是水汽凝结的过程,在地表与大气的能量交换中,潜热占主导。

具鳞水柏枝扦插繁育技术研究

采用同一基质、不同生根剂进行具鳞水柏枝硬枝扦插育苗对比试验。结果表明:不同生根剂对插穗生根影响不存在显著性差异。秋季温室苗床扦插较易生根,插穗不需要特殊处理就可生根成活,成活率达93.50%,且根质好,根系分布均匀,而且经济实惠。

具鳞水柏枝的化学成分研究

目的研究柽柳科植物具鳞水柏枝(Myricaria squamosa)地上部分的化学成分。方法运用MCI CHP-20P、正向和反向硅胶柱色谱、高效液相色谱和半制备液相色谱技术进行分离纯化,并用其理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果从具鳞水柏枝的75%乙醇提取物中分离得到7个化合物,分别鉴定为亚麻酸甲酯(1)、丁香脂(2)、阿福豆苷(3)、鼠李秦素(4)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)、异杨梅二醇(6)、2,3,8-三-O-甲基鞣花酸(7)。结论以上化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。

高寒区具鳞水柏枝嫩枝扦插育苗技术研究

对具鳞水柏枝嫩枝不同扦插密度、插穗长度、插穗粗细进行了扦插试验研究。结果表明,高寒区具鳞水柏枝嫩枝扦插密度为8cm×8cm、插穗长度为15cm和插穗粗细为0.2cm<￠≤0.4cm。

黎族传统渡水匏具设计与即时社会生活方式研究

黎族传统渡水匏具是海南昌化江流域的黎族村落主要的渡水工具,是黎族传统造物设计中具有代表性的水上出行工具。本文从设计学和社会学的角度,对黎族传统渡水匏具进行研究分析,一方面阐释渡水匏具的实用且适人的设计特征,另一方面研究渡水匏具所处时代黎族社会的即时生活方式,突出渡水匏具在黎族地区长久存在的价值和必然性。

具鳞水柏枝硬枝扦插育苗技术

为了使具鳞水柏枝硬枝生根,实现扦插育苗,利用ABT生根剂处理插条,结果表明:生根剂处理浓度200mg/kg的成活率、新梢长、新梢粗、根系长和生根数均最高,分别为84.29%、42.17cm、11.42mm、15.52cm和4.12条/株,较对照(CK)分别提高了87.44%、59.61%、40.29%、26.18%和50.92%,且综合排名第一。鉴于处理浓度200mg/kg以上优势,建议在具鳞水柏枝硬枝扦插育苗中推广应用。

枳椇子水提取液对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞释放一氧化氮的影响

目的 :研究枳子水提取液对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞释放一氧化氮的影响。方法 :NO以Griess试剂测定。结果 :浓度为 42～ 6 6 7μg生药 /ml的枳子水提取液能显著抑制小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞一氧化氮的释放。结论 :枳子水提取液对小鼠腹腔巨细胞释放一氧化氮的调节可能是其保肝作用机制之一。

青海湖流域具鳞水柏枝植物水分利用氢同位素示踪研究

具鳞水柏枝(Myricaria squamosa)是我国高寒地区广泛分布的优势河谷灌木,具有维持河谷湿地系统稳定的功能。然而,目前国内外有关具鳞水柏枝水分利用来源的定量研究很少。该文运用氢稳定同位素示踪方法,分析了青海湖流域具鳞水柏枝茎(木质部)水和潜在水源(地下水、河水和土壤水)的氢稳定同位素比率(δD)的季节变化,发现具鳞水柏枝在不同水文环境下的植物水分利用来源有明显差异。研究结果表明,生长在河岸边的具鳞水柏枝在6、7月主要利用地下水与河水,分别占其所利用水分的89%、86%和55%、65%,8月主要利用0–20 cm土层的土壤水,9月水源不详。生长在离河岸约100 m处的具鳞水柏枝在6月主要利用地下水与河水(91%、70%),在7–9月以0–60 cm土层的土壤水为主要水源。这表明生长在河岸边的具鳞水柏枝对地下水和河水的依赖程度较高,而距离河岸约100 m时对土壤水的利用量较多,反映出生长在不同生境中的具鳞水柏枝对特定水分条件的特殊适应结果。

怎样接触年青人

青年工作者往往寄希望于年青人主动接近他们,或者自然地发展关系,这是不够的。有意识地创造一种让成年人与年青人相聚的环境,并且运用专门的交际手段,会使接触变得更顺利。更重要的是,这样做能使我们比平常了解到青年人更多的烦恼和需要。

“阳光”趣谈

深圳阳光葡萄酒俱乐部会长sun的话:深圳是一个充满活力的城市,极强的包容性融汇着来自东西方的文化。越来越多的人想要了解西方的酒文化。葡萄酒,作为一个优雅健康的代表,正被广大消费者接受。随着驴友,球友这些名词的产生,酒友也应运而生。俱乐部的成立,是在一个春意盎然的日子,第一次聚会时那道午后暖暖的阳光仿佛还是昨日的事。其实自己也很惊喜,会有这么多与我同好的人。神奇的人类把动物的生命与灵性赋于了葡萄,在保持其本性的同时又让它极具个性。享受生活的人必定热爱生活。相信他们喜欢A meal without wine is like a day without sunshine(没有葡萄酒佐餐,如同白昼没了阳光)这句话。酸甜苦辣,生活中的各种滋味都能在葡萄酒里寻到踪影,也许这就是葡萄酒的魅力吧。品酒就如同品味人生,你要用什么样的酒来搭配你的生活呢?我们因为共同的爱好而相聚,因为那一支支迷人的葡萄酒让我们的生活如同春日里充满阳光的日子——极致幸福。

Virtual prototype simulation on underwater hydraulic impingement shovel

The virtual prototype technology is applied to the design of the hydraulic impingement shovel, which is to increase the reliability of the design. The work principle of hydraulic impingement shovel is expatiated, and its dynamic equations are established. The 3D model of virtual prototype is built by PRO/E. Then the couple between the mechanical body of prototype and the hydraulic system is completed by virtue of ADAMS. Finally, the simulation is made on the virtual prototype. The simulation results show that the design of underwater hydraulic impingement shovel is rational. The virtual prototype technology could lay sound foundation of successful manufacturing of physical prototype for the first time and offer highly effective and feasible means for the design and production of underwater equipments.

Spatiotemporal Variation of Riverine Nutrients in a Typical Hilly Watershed in Southeast China Using Multivariate Statistics Tools

The water quality of lakes can be degraded by excessive riverine nutrients.Riverine water quality generally varies depending on region and season because of the spatiotemporal variations in natural factors and anthropogenic activities.Monthly water quality measurements of eight water quality variables were analyzed for two years at 16 sites of the Tianmuhu watershed.The variables were examined using hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and factor analysis/principal component analysis(FA/PCA) to reveal the spatiotemporal variations in riverine nutrients and to identify their potential sources.HCA revealed three geographical groups and three periods.Two drainages comprising towns and large villages were the most polluted, six drainages comprising widely distributed tea plantations and orchards were moderately polluted, and eight drainages without the factors were the least polluted.The river was most polluted in June when the first heavy rain(daily rainfall > 50 mm) occurs after fertilization and the number of rainy days is most(monthly number of rainy days > 20 days).Moderate pollution was observed from October to May, during which morethan 60% of the total nitrogen fertilizer and all of the phosphorus fertilizer are applied to the cropland, the total manure is applied to tea plantations and orchards, and a monthly rainfall ranging from 0 mm to 164 mm occurs.The remaining months were characterized by frequent raining(i.e., number of rainy days per month ranged from 5 to 24) and little use of fertilizers, and were thus least polluted.FA/PCA identified that the greatest pollution sources were the runoff from tea plantations and orchards,domestic pollution and the surface runoff from towns and villages, and rural sewage, which had extremely high contributions of riverine nitrogen, phosphorus,and chemical oxygen demand, respectively.The tea plantations and orchards promoted by the agricultural comprehensive development(ACD) were not environmentally friendly.Riverine nitrogen is a major water pollution parameter in hilly watersheds affected by ACD, and this parameter would not be reduced unless its loss load through the runoff from tea plantations and orchards is effectively controlled.

Earth Observation as a Support to Improve Water Use in Irrigated Agriculture

By the end of sixties, several satellites were launched to observe the earth; among them the Landsat missions have been important to study natural resources, especially in agriculture. Currently, Landsat 7, with some problems, and Landsat 5 are useful to evaluate crop development. A project called ＂Participatory multi-Level EO-assisted tools for Irrigation water management and Agricultural Decision-Support＂ （PLEIADES） was financed by the European Commission. This project considers eleven countries and 23 research institutions, Mexico being one of the selected countries. Landsat images are a basic tool of this project. Some of the results obtained in this study are presented in this article. By using w^getation indices obtained by the combinations of reflectances in different bands of the electromagnetic spectrum, it has been possible to estimate the behavior of several biophysical parameters of crops which are used to evaluate plant development, water stress, spatial soil variation, and the effect of plagues and crop diseases. To facilitate this process, a visor was developed, named SPIDER （System of Participatory Information Decision support and Expert knowledge for River basin management） whose use in this work is explained.

APPLICATION OF SWAT MODEL IN THE UPSTREAM WATERSHED OF THE LUOHE RIVER

In the Huanghe (Yellow) River basin,soil erosion is a serious problem,while runoff and sediment yield simulation has not been extensively studied on the basis of GIS (Geographic Information System) and distributed hydrological model. GIS-based SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model was used to simulate runoff and sediment in the Huanghe River basin. The objective of this paper is to examine the applicability of SWAT model in a large river basin with high sediment runoff modulus,which could reach 770t/(km2·a). A two-stage "Brute Force" optimization procedure was used to calibrate the parameters with the observed monthly flow and sediment data from 1992 to 1997,and with input parameters set during the calibration process without any change the model was validated with 1998-1999’s observed data. Coefficient of examination (R2) and Nash-Suttcliffe simulation efficiency (Ens) were used to evaluate model prediction. The evaluation coefficients for simulated flow and sediment,and observed flow and sediment were all above 0.7,which shows that SWAT model could be a useful tool for water resources and soil conservation planning in the Huanghe River basin.

Design and evaluation of a hierarchical control architecture for an autonomous underwater vehicle

This paper researches on a kind of control architecture for autonomous undelwater vehicle （AUV）. After describing the hybrid property of the AUV control system, we present the hierarchical AUV control architecture. The architecture is organized in three layers： mission layer, task layer and execution layer. State supervisor and task coordinator are two key modules handling discrete events, so we describe these two modules in detail. Finally, we carried out a series of tests to verify this architecture The test results show that the AUV can perform autonomous missions effectively and safely. We can conclude the control architecture is valid and practical.

Experimental research on influence of emulsifier on crystallization quantity of emulsion explosives under dynamic pressure

Dynamic pressure was applied on emulsion explosive by using an underwater explosion measuring apparatus, and the crystallization quantity was measured by dissolution method after emulsion explosive was pressed; the influence of emulsi- fier content and type was analyzed. The experimental results show that emulsifier content and type have an important effect on crystallization quantity of emulsion explosive. The crystallization quantity will reduce with Span-g0 content from 2% to 4%, so the demulsification and crystallization will decrease if the emulsifier content improves appropriately and the dynamic pressure resistance will increase. For emulsion explosive emulsified by T-152 and Span-g0, the crystallization quantity with T-152 is less than that of Span-g0 under the same dynamic pressure. This shows that the emulsifying effect ofT-152 is better than Soan-80.