典型喀斯特区不同覆盖下顶坛花椒林地生态需水量研究

对典型喀斯特区不同覆盖下顶坛花椒人工林地生态需水量及生态亏缺水量进行了研究。结果表明：在岩石裸露率37.5%的100m2样地内,植物生长发育期间林地土壤含水量为1.53~1.85m3,经枯枝落叶和石面覆盖后分别为1.56~2.06m3和1.52~1.92m3,枯枝落叶覆盖后林地土壤含水量平均增幅与变幅均最大;顶坛花椒在生长发育期总蒸腾量为91.9627mm,蒸腾耗水量以成熟期最多,开花结果期次之,展叶期最少;林地潜在蒸散量和实际蒸散量分别为51.5183m3和54.9501m3,经不同覆盖处理后,蒸散量均下降,其中石面覆盖时减少量多;林地生态需水量为61.4794m3,经枯枝落叶和石面覆盖后,其生态需水量分别为58.4242m3和46.0001m3,而经枯枝落叶覆盖,在顶坛花椒成熟期林地未出现水分亏缺。对不同覆盖条件比较可知,枯枝落叶覆盖下林地水分亏缺量最少,在植物生长发育期抵御干旱的效果相对较好。因此,喀斯特区造林选择枯枝落叶覆盖效果相对较好,而为保证顶坛花椒的产量及质量,在其开花结果期和成熟期应加强土壤水分管理。

Study of soil and water conservation Function on Slope with Different Planting Patterns for a Typical Small Watershed in Karst Region of Guizhou Province

Ten runoff plots with different planting patterns were established for experimental observation in Yangjichong small watershed of Longli County in Karst region of Guizhou Province. Results show that under the same rainfall condition, shrub land, natural grassland and abandoned land presented the best function of soil and water conservation. The function of soil and water conservation was poor for arbor planting pattern, because the shrub layer, herb layer and forest floor were not formed. Because of no-tillage, surface crust and other effects, the function of soil and water conservation in slope farmland was better than that in runoffplots with arbor planting pattern.