AIM: To create and apply a framework for quality assessment and improvement in care for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. METHODS A framework for quality assessment and improvement was created for IBD based o...AIM: To create and apply a framework for quality assessment and improvement in care for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. METHODS A framework for quality assessment and improvement was created for IBD based on two generally acknowledged quality models. The model of Donabedian (Df) offers a logistical and productive perspective and the Clinical Value Compass (CVC) model adds a management and service perspective. The framework creates a pedagogical tool to understand the balance between the dimensions of clinical care (CVC) and the components of clinical outcome (Df). The merged models create a framework of the care process dimensions as a whole, reflecting important parts of the IBD care delivery system in a local setting. Clinical and organizational quality measures were adopted from clinical experience and the literature and were integrated into the framework. Data were collected at the yearly check-up for 481 IBD patients during 2008. The application of the quality assessment framework was tested and evaluated in a local clinical IBD care setting in Jnkping County, Sweden. RESULTS: The main outcome was the presentation of how locally-selected clinical quality measures, integrated into two complementary models to develop a frame-work, could be instrumental in assessing the quality of care delivered to patients with IBD. The selected quality measures of the framework noted less anemia in the population than previously reported, provided information about hospitalization rates and the few surgical procedures reported, and noted good access to the clinic. CONCLUSION: The applied local quality framework was feasible and useful for assessing the quality of care delivered to IBD patients in a local setting.展开更多
Despite the fact that miombo woodland soils have significant implications in global climate change processes, few studies have been done to characterize and classify the soils of the miombo woodland ecosystem of Tanza...Despite the fact that miombo woodland soils have significant implications in global climate change processes, few studies have been done to characterize and classify the soils of the miombo woodland ecosystem of Tanzania. The current study was carried out to map and classify soils of Kitonga Forest Reserve, which is a typical miombo woodland ecosystem, in order to generate relevant information for their use and management. A representative study area of 52 km2 was selected and mapped at a scale of 1：50,000 on the basis of relief. Ten representative soil profiles were excavated and described using standard methods. Soil samples were taken from genetic soil horizons and analyzed in the laboratory for physico-chemical characteristics using standard methods. Using field and laboratory analytical data, the soils were classified according to the FAO-World Reference Base （FAO-WRB） for Soil Resources system as Cambisols, Leptosols and Fluvisols. In the USDA-NRCS Soil Taxonomy system the soils were classified as Inceptisols and Entisols. Topographical features played an important role in soil formation. The different soil types differed in physico-chemical properties, hence exhibit differences in their potentials, constraints and need specific management strategies. Texture varied from sandy to different loams; pH from 5.1 to 5.9; organic carbon from 0.9 g/kg to 20 g/kg; and CEC from 3 cmol/（＋）kg to 24 cmol/（＋）kg. Sustainable management of miombo woodlands ecosystem soils requires reduced deforestation and reduced land degradation.展开更多
Over the last two decades, food allergens are being recognized as one of the food hazards. This serious food safety issue is being addressed in different countries not only in terms of their biological and clinical ch...Over the last two decades, food allergens are being recognized as one of the food hazards. This serious food safety issue is being addressed in different countries not only in terms of their biological and clinical characteristics, but also in terms of various standards of allergen management in food industries. This abnormal immune response caused by food allergens affects the quality of life especially in children and influences their overall health and retards normal growth, along with they suffer from ailments like eating disorders, depression, sometimes even death which is the most adverse impact of food allergy. Every country has their own set of guidelines to deal with the food allergens especially developed countries, food allergen guidelines is not well documented in developing countries. FAO/WHO is providing assistance to developing countries in strengthening their food safety guidelines. The Codex Alimentarius was formulated by the two organizations FAO/WHO in the year 1960; it is a collection of food standards in a integrated, codified style, together with associated material such as codes of hygiene and good manufacturing practices that should be followed by industries during various production stages of a food item. In both developed and developing nations, the Food Chemical Codex or the Codex Alimentarius aims to protect public health and implement fair trade practises for the trading of food items.展开更多
This pilot study intended to investigate the application of Mixing Zone Guidelines in northern Sweden. The EC （European Commission）-Mixing Zone Guidelines were applied to seven effluent discharges. The effluents wer...This pilot study intended to investigate the application of Mixing Zone Guidelines in northern Sweden. The EC （European Commission）-Mixing Zone Guidelines were applied to seven effluent discharges. The effluents were from industrial processes used in the Ronnskar smelter, in northern Sweden. Each outlet in the smelter area discharges water into the Bothnian bay of the Baltic Sea. Cadmium （Cd）, mercury （Hg）, nickel （Ni） and lead （Pb） were the primary substances present in the effluents. A ＂Tiered Approach＂ was followed for mixing zone assessments in each of the discharge points. Discharge Test was used at Tier 2 and CORMIX （Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System model）, version 7, at Tier 3. At each discharge point, the AA-EQS （annual average-environmental quality standard） for each metal was met within a distance of 500 m from the outfalls. This distance was exceeded to meet the MAC-EQS （maximum allowable concentration-environmental quality standard） criteria at points 1 and 3 for total Hg concentrations. However, for the proper application of Mixing Zone Guidelines, a version of the Discharge Test for coastal waters should be developed and used. The decision at which tier the dissolved metal concentration should be compared with EQS values could depend on the effluent characteristics. For Swedish coastal waters, some consideration should be given to the background concentration of metals.展开更多
In order to investigate the behavior of buildings and engineering structures during earthquakes, based on the data of seismic observation devices mounted on constructions with typical characteristics, results of inves...In order to investigate the behavior of buildings and engineering structures during earthquakes, based on the data of seismic observation devices mounted on constructions with typical characteristics, results of investigating the change of mechanical properties of building structural system over time and the results of examination of structural rigidity and safety change over time, depending on the dynamic characteristics of the building, determined by experimental investigations made at intervals are mentioned in this article. In addition, evaluation of earthquake acceleration acting on structures due to earthquake-induced damage characteristics of buildings and engineering constructions which are made earthquake resistant is also included here.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been widely used in China for thousands of years, and has received more and more recognition worldwide. Indigoplant （Folium Polygoni Tinctorii）, a TCM, has been used in vario...Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been widely used in China for thousands of years, and has received more and more recognition worldwide. Indigoplant （Folium Polygoni Tinctorii）, a TCM, has been used in various diseases. In our study, we established a quality standard of Indigoplant according to the European Pharmacopoeia, and this standard has passed the early audit stages of the European Pharmacopoeia Commission. The lndigoplant samples were identified with high performance thin layer chromatography （HPTLC）, qualified with RP-HPLC quantitation, and analyzed with a series of quality tests. An accurate, reliable and robust HPLC method with gradient elution for quantitation was developed and validated with a one-variable-at-a-time （OVAT） robustness approach. Several tests, including the loss on drying, total ash and ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid of Indigoplant, were performed for quality analysis. Furthermore, six batches of the Indigoplant samples were appraised with this quality standard. In conclusion, the established quality standard was more internationally normative and applicable for the quality control of Indigoplant in practical application.展开更多
基金Supported by The Futurum Research Council, Jnkping County Council, the Foundation for Clinical Cancer Research in Jnkping CountyVINNVRD-research program for more effective and better health care
文摘AIM: To create and apply a framework for quality assessment and improvement in care for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. METHODS A framework for quality assessment and improvement was created for IBD based on two generally acknowledged quality models. The model of Donabedian (Df) offers a logistical and productive perspective and the Clinical Value Compass (CVC) model adds a management and service perspective. The framework creates a pedagogical tool to understand the balance between the dimensions of clinical care (CVC) and the components of clinical outcome (Df). The merged models create a framework of the care process dimensions as a whole, reflecting important parts of the IBD care delivery system in a local setting. Clinical and organizational quality measures were adopted from clinical experience and the literature and were integrated into the framework. Data were collected at the yearly check-up for 481 IBD patients during 2008. The application of the quality assessment framework was tested and evaluated in a local clinical IBD care setting in Jnkping County, Sweden. RESULTS: The main outcome was the presentation of how locally-selected clinical quality measures, integrated into two complementary models to develop a frame-work, could be instrumental in assessing the quality of care delivered to patients with IBD. The selected quality measures of the framework noted less anemia in the population than previously reported, provided information about hospitalization rates and the few surgical procedures reported, and noted good access to the clinic. CONCLUSION: The applied local quality framework was feasible and useful for assessing the quality of care delivered to IBD patients in a local setting.
文摘Despite the fact that miombo woodland soils have significant implications in global climate change processes, few studies have been done to characterize and classify the soils of the miombo woodland ecosystem of Tanzania. The current study was carried out to map and classify soils of Kitonga Forest Reserve, which is a typical miombo woodland ecosystem, in order to generate relevant information for their use and management. A representative study area of 52 km2 was selected and mapped at a scale of 1：50,000 on the basis of relief. Ten representative soil profiles were excavated and described using standard methods. Soil samples were taken from genetic soil horizons and analyzed in the laboratory for physico-chemical characteristics using standard methods. Using field and laboratory analytical data, the soils were classified according to the FAO-World Reference Base （FAO-WRB） for Soil Resources system as Cambisols, Leptosols and Fluvisols. In the USDA-NRCS Soil Taxonomy system the soils were classified as Inceptisols and Entisols. Topographical features played an important role in soil formation. The different soil types differed in physico-chemical properties, hence exhibit differences in their potentials, constraints and need specific management strategies. Texture varied from sandy to different loams; pH from 5.1 to 5.9; organic carbon from 0.9 g/kg to 20 g/kg; and CEC from 3 cmol/（＋）kg to 24 cmol/（＋）kg. Sustainable management of miombo woodlands ecosystem soils requires reduced deforestation and reduced land degradation.
文摘Over the last two decades, food allergens are being recognized as one of the food hazards. This serious food safety issue is being addressed in different countries not only in terms of their biological and clinical characteristics, but also in terms of various standards of allergen management in food industries. This abnormal immune response caused by food allergens affects the quality of life especially in children and influences their overall health and retards normal growth, along with they suffer from ailments like eating disorders, depression, sometimes even death which is the most adverse impact of food allergy. Every country has their own set of guidelines to deal with the food allergens especially developed countries, food allergen guidelines is not well documented in developing countries. FAO/WHO is providing assistance to developing countries in strengthening their food safety guidelines. The Codex Alimentarius was formulated by the two organizations FAO/WHO in the year 1960; it is a collection of food standards in a integrated, codified style, together with associated material such as codes of hygiene and good manufacturing practices that should be followed by industries during various production stages of a food item. In both developed and developing nations, the Food Chemical Codex or the Codex Alimentarius aims to protect public health and implement fair trade practises for the trading of food items.
文摘This pilot study intended to investigate the application of Mixing Zone Guidelines in northern Sweden. The EC （European Commission）-Mixing Zone Guidelines were applied to seven effluent discharges. The effluents were from industrial processes used in the Ronnskar smelter, in northern Sweden. Each outlet in the smelter area discharges water into the Bothnian bay of the Baltic Sea. Cadmium （Cd）, mercury （Hg）, nickel （Ni） and lead （Pb） were the primary substances present in the effluents. A ＂Tiered Approach＂ was followed for mixing zone assessments in each of the discharge points. Discharge Test was used at Tier 2 and CORMIX （Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System model）, version 7, at Tier 3. At each discharge point, the AA-EQS （annual average-environmental quality standard） for each metal was met within a distance of 500 m from the outfalls. This distance was exceeded to meet the MAC-EQS （maximum allowable concentration-environmental quality standard） criteria at points 1 and 3 for total Hg concentrations. However, for the proper application of Mixing Zone Guidelines, a version of the Discharge Test for coastal waters should be developed and used. The decision at which tier the dissolved metal concentration should be compared with EQS values could depend on the effluent characteristics. For Swedish coastal waters, some consideration should be given to the background concentration of metals.
文摘In order to investigate the behavior of buildings and engineering structures during earthquakes, based on the data of seismic observation devices mounted on constructions with typical characteristics, results of investigating the change of mechanical properties of building structural system over time and the results of examination of structural rigidity and safety change over time, depending on the dynamic characteristics of the building, determined by experimental investigations made at intervals are mentioned in this article. In addition, evaluation of earthquake acceleration acting on structures due to earthquake-induced damage characteristics of buildings and engineering constructions which are made earthquake resistant is also included here.
基金Program for Liaoning Innovative Research Team in University,Key Technologies in Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicines(Grant No.LT2012018)
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been widely used in China for thousands of years, and has received more and more recognition worldwide. Indigoplant （Folium Polygoni Tinctorii）, a TCM, has been used in various diseases. In our study, we established a quality standard of Indigoplant according to the European Pharmacopoeia, and this standard has passed the early audit stages of the European Pharmacopoeia Commission. The lndigoplant samples were identified with high performance thin layer chromatography （HPTLC）, qualified with RP-HPLC quantitation, and analyzed with a series of quality tests. An accurate, reliable and robust HPLC method with gradient elution for quantitation was developed and validated with a one-variable-at-a-time （OVAT） robustness approach. Several tests, including the loss on drying, total ash and ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid of Indigoplant, were performed for quality analysis. Furthermore, six batches of the Indigoplant samples were appraised with this quality standard. In conclusion, the established quality standard was more internationally normative and applicable for the quality control of Indigoplant in practical application.
