中国绘画中的“兴”

“兴”是中国美学中的一个重要范畴,也是中国绘画创作中必须经历的心理过程。这一过程可分为“起兴”、“神思”、“灵感”三阶段。而“养兴”则是绘画前必不可少的准备工作。

注重培养学生的运思能力

写文章难主要难在两个方面:一是理解写作对象;二是运用语言表达思想。因而要从三个方面培养学生的运思能力,即引导学生正确掌握观察事物、理解事物的方法;强化学生的语言训练,提高其语言表达能力;培养学生的“养兴”习惯。

培养小学生的计算能力

计算在生活中随处可见,在小学,计算教学更是贯穿于数学教学的全过程,可见计算教学的重要性。但是小学生计算的正确率常受到学生的兴趣、态度意志、习惯等因素的影响。

“兴”之所至

唐人虞世南在其《笔髓论·释草》中将草书创作的心理过程划分为引兴、取兴、兴尽三个阶段。尽管"兴"发起的具体时刻是偶然的和不可预测的,可是"兴"发起的途径或者说引发"兴"的方法却可以把握,也是具有可操作性。汉唐书论中提出的有关养兴的途径主要有静养、饮酒、观物三种。

中国古代灵感理论论纲

灵感这一术语,在中国古代文艺理论中没有正式出现过,但在中国古代的文艺理论中,围绕着"灵感"现象而予以概括其内涵的术语还是不少的。"灵感"一词,是从西方翻译过来的。它既吸收了我国古代""字所含的神、巫等意,又较大地符合西方文化中灵感的原始含义和现代含义。在魏晋南北朝之前的中国古代文论中,很少有人涉足于文学创作中的灵感现象,更没有形成较为完整和系统的灵感理论,这和西方灵感理论的产生具有较大的区别。在中国古代的灵感理论建构过程中,文论家们对灵感的特征主要从偶发性、独创性和情感性三个方面进行了把握。自陆机描述了灵感现象之后,文论家们还试图对灵感做出自我独到的解释,并在此基础上,形成了独具东方特色的"养兴说"。总之,经过一代又一代文论家们的不懈努力,逐渐地建构起了具有中国特色的灵感理论。

Different Explants of Lilium lancifolium Have Different Potential to Differentiate and Regenerate in Tissue Culture

[Objective] The aim was to investigate differences in differentiation and regeneration of the explants from different parts of Lilium lancifolium（Yixing Lily） in tissue culture.[Method] The different parts of scale,leaf and root of Yixing Lily were cultured as explants on MS basic medium supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators,so as to compare their capacity to differentiate and regenerate.[Result] The explants had different potential to differentiate（scale root leaf）.The capacity of different scale parts to differentiate was the lower part middle partupper part;the capacity of different leaf parts to differentiate was the leaf base middle part leaf tip;the capacity of different root parts to differentiate was the root base root tip middle part.[Conclusion] Tissue culture could be well applied in propagation of Yixing Lily.

Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification for rapid detection of deletions and duplications in the dystrophin gene

Objective：Duchenne muscular dystrophy （DMD） and Becker muscular dystrophy （BMD） are X-linked disorders caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. The majority of recognized mutations are copy number changes of individual exons. The objective of the present study was to assess the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification （MLPA） effects of detection of gene mutations. Methods： Samples of 20 control males and 80 males and their mothers referred to our diagnostic facility on the clinical suspi- cion of DMD or BMD were tested by MLPA and multiplex PCR. Results ： The mean DQs for all peak of 20 control male samples was 1.02 （range from 0.83 to 1.21） by MLPA. Deletions or duplications were iden- tified in 6 out of 31 families that had been previously tested as negative by multiplex PCR. One case of complex rearrangement involving a duplication of two regions： dupEX3-9 and dupEX 17-41 were found by MLPA. Conclusions： MLPA is a highly sensitive method and rapid alternative to multiplex PCR for detec- tion of DMD and BMD.

Exogeneous energy supply and excitability of cells in embryonic atypical epidermis of Cynops cultured in vitro

Cells of in vitro cultured epidermis explants of ectoderm isolated at early gastrula stage,showed only weak excitability or even non-excitable at 6V when examined electrophysiologically.If non-excitable explants were treated with 100 mM glucose,the action potential (AP) appeared and within 1 hr reached its maximum.At the same time,their stimulus threshold became lowered gradually.And,if the glucose was washed out,AP gradually disappeared.If explants were treated with glucose of different concentrations,the percentage of explants which displayed AP increased with the increase of glucose concentration.When explants with approximately the same original stimulus threshold were treated with glucose of different concentrations,the stimulus threshold became lowered more in the more concentrated solution.If explants with different original stimulus thresholds were treated with glucose of the same concentration,the lowering of stimulus threshold was more obvious in those with higher original stimulus threshold.Other energy supplying substances used showed similar effect.

Real and Legal Nutritional Alternative （e.g. Application of Free Amino Acids） to Replace Forbidden Doping Substances to Produce Excellent Sport Performance

Peformance enhancing drugs are widely used today in different sport fields, and therefore the successful anti-doping activity should be based not only on regular doping controls, but also it should show the real alternative： how to replace the forbidden doping substances with legal and effective supplements. The paper deals with application proposition of protein concentrates, free AA （amino acids）, HMB （hydroxy-methyle-butyrate）, creatine and camitine. If the athlete is involved in strength and power sport （e.g. throwing events in track and field, olympic weightlifting etc.）, the explosive and maximum strength is of primary importance. For strength athletes, these mentioned substances are those legal preparates, supplements, which can help effectively in performance improvement of sport results. The main reason is that using protein concentrates, AAs, HMB, creatine and camitine, the anabolic （and anticatabolic） effect will enhance the protein biosynthesis of the organism, improve the aerob and anaerob capacity of the athletes, activate and stimulate the own hormonal system. And the final result is creating higher loadability because of the faster recovery, and higher performance level on the competition. Of course, the athletes--as a minimum requirement--need an adequate nutrition （good balanced nourishment）, as well, with appropriate application and supplementation of all vitamins and essential minerals.

On Cultivation of Cross-Cultural Consciousness in College English Teaching

With the continuous development of the times, cultivating students＇ cross-cultural consciousness is becoming increasingly urgent. The development of new situation requires that college English teachers should also strengthen students＇ cultural content education and cultivate students＇ cross-cultural consciousness, in order to stimulate students＇ learning interest, optimize students＇ knowledge structure and improve students＇ social cultural ability while introducing language knowledge and conducting listening, speaking, reading and writing training for students. Then, how to cultivate students＇ cross-cultural consciousness in college English teaching？ This paper takes it as the theme for analysis, hoping to improve college English teaching quality.

Research on Higher Vocational English Education

Vocational students generally English foundation is weak, not strong interest in learning how to guide students to learn to think independently, to stimulate students＇ curiosity, is a series of problems faced by English teachers in vocational college. In this paper, the issues currently facing vocational English education was of, and the corresponding countermeasures. With the development of economic and trade globalization, increasingly strengthened international exchanges. Society is not only high-level personnel to graduate raised higher and higher English proficiency requirements, the ability to develop applications based English Education in Higher Colleges also put forward higher requirements. Vocalional Training Colleges for professional and technical personnel is an important part of our personnel training requirements for rapid economic development of professional and technical personnel in addition to high technical expertise, but also need to understand the professional literature information inquiry, learning and further education. Therefore, we must from the height of the times and the needs of international competition to recognize new opportunities and challenges of English teaching in higher vocational colleges are facing a variety of approaches and strive to improve our English teaching level.

Coral community dynamics and shallow-water carbonate deposition of the reef-flat around Yongxing Island, the Xisha Islands

Microbes and microbial carbonates in reef-flat and coral community dynamics and submarine geomorphologic features in reef crest and fore reef of Yongxing Island,the Xisha Islands,South China Sea,were studied by means of scuba diving,underwater investigation,and line intercept transect survey.Studies indicate a very high coral mortality with few living corals in the reef flat of Yongxing Island.Moreover,macro algae,sea grass and cyanobacteria are common in reef flat.Microbes and microbially induced carbonates occur in reef flat.Living corals grow mainly in the reef crest and fore reef,but are also declined dramatically.From coast to off shore,the southeast reef flat of Yongxing Island can be divided into beach,inner reef flat,outer reef flat,reef flat front(reef crest and fore reef),and fore-reef slope settings.Sedimentary facies include coast,reef flat,reef crest and fore reef,and fore-reef slope.Reefal carbonate sediments are composed of coral skeletons and framework,coral fragments,bioclasts,and lime mud.With the deterioration of environment and water quality,the coral communities tend to be distributed in the reef crest and fore reef with clean sea water,well circulation and moderate water energy.Reef flat is occupied mainly by the macro algae and Heliopora coerulea communities.The coverage statistics on the reef crest demonstrate that the coverage of Acropora cytherea is more than 28% and represents a dominant species with wave-resistant ecological type.Sedimentary characteristics and geomorphologic features are different between the southeast and northwest reef-flat fronts(reef crest and fore reef) of Yongxing Island.The former shows discontinuously tidal channels in outer reef flat and different dimensional and deep reef ponds in reef crest and fore reef,and the latter presents a typical spur-and-groove system.Microbes(cyanobacteria Lyngbya sp.) occur generally in the inner reef flat and reef ponds of reef crest with restricted water circulation.Widely algae growth indicates a eutrophic environment,and the common microbes on the coral surface in the reef flat and reef ponds also demonstrate eutrophication in seawater and deteriorated water quality.