控释肥联合养分增效剂显著提高番茄产量与品质

采用田间试验,以番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)品种瑞菲为试验材料,通过控释肥联合养分增效剂探究其对番茄生长、产量与品质的影响。结果表明,控释肥联合养分增效剂能显著增加植株茎粗(P<0.05);与常规施肥相比,控释肥和控释肥联合养分增效剂可显著改善番茄品质,番茄果实可溶性固形物含量有增加的趋势,可溶性糖含量、维生素C含量显著提高(P<0.05),番茄果实色泽度和硬度均有所改善;与常规施肥相比,控释肥和控释肥联合养分增效剂能有效提高番茄产量与经济效益,产量分别增加12.7%和29.2%,净利润分别增加3.65万元/hm^(2)和7.72万元/hm^(2)。综上,控释肥联合养分增效剂可实现番茄增产增效,在实现轻简化生产中具有重要的实践价值。

皓达养分增效剂在马铃薯上的应用效果

通过田间试验,验证了“二袋子”肥、高氮中磷低钾肥、配方肥、配方肥与有机肥结合4种不同施肥方式与武汉皓达农业科技有限公司生产的皓达养分增效剂拌混作底肥施用对马铃薯的增产增收效果。试验结果表明,仅“二袋子”肥拌混皓达养分增效剂增产幅度未达到5%,增产不显著;其他3种肥料拌混皓达养分增效剂的增产幅度都超过5%,增产显著;且随着肥料氮磷钾配比的不断优化及与有机肥的结合,增产幅度及效益不断提高。皓达养分增效剂与肥料拌混施用促进了马铃薯单薯质量的提高和数量的增加,从而实现增产。

不同养分增效剂对玉米产量和养分利用的影响

采用田间小区试验方法,研究了不同养分增效剂(机械活化磷、长效复合肥添加剂NAM、聚合氨基酸类肥料增效剂PAA)对玉米产量及养分吸收利用的影响,旨在为提高氮磷肥利用效率,实现玉米的高产高效生产提供科学依据。结果表明:与NPK(常规施肥)处理相比,添加20%机械活化磷的NPK1、添加30%机械活化磷的NPK2、添加NAM的NPK3以及添加PAA的NPK4,干物质累积量分别提高了7.52%,10.59%,6.78%和14.54%,产量也表现出了增加的趋势,尤以NPK3增产效应最为明显,提高了11.83%。此外,养分增效剂的添加还显著促进了玉米植株对氮、磷、钾的吸收,与没有使用增效剂的NPK处理相比,4个处理植株的氮累积量分别提高了6.94%,6.54%,2.82%和9.71%;磷累积量分别提高了10.15%,14.23%,9.18%和14.12%;钾累积量分别提高了13.08%,24.42%,20.22%和34.45%。氮肥利用率以NPK4最高,达42.4%,磷肥利用率以NPK2最高,为25.0%;氮肥和磷肥的农学效率和收获指数则均以NPK3最高。此结果说明,在生产实践中,PAA的添加更有利于促进玉米植株对氮的吸收累积;30%机械活化磷的添加更有利于磷养分的活化,提高磷肥利用效率;而NAM施用后的增产效果最为突出,更有利于养分向籽粒中转移,提高养分的生产效率。

氮磷养分供应及调控对夏玉米干物质及养分累积分配的影响

采用田间小区试验方法,研究了不同氮磷养分供应及养分增效剂(机械活化磷MRP、长效复合肥增效剂NAM、聚合氨基酸肥料增效剂PAA)调控对夏玉米干物质及养分累积分配的影响。结果表明:缺施氮素(-N)或磷素(-P)显著影响干物质和氮磷钾养分在地上部各器官中的累积量,但在一定程度上刺激了氮磷在各生育时期向生长发育中心器官的分配。与不施增效剂的对照相比,MRP处理使收获时叶片中磷累积量增加34.8%~47.8%,分配比例增加22.1%~29.4%。NAM处理能改善拔节期玉米植株的氮素营养,促进灌浆后氮素向穗中的转移分配,使籽粒中氮素和干物质累积量分别增加9.4%和7.9%,分配比例分别增加6.5%和2.7%。PAA对玉米灌浆后营养器官中干物质及氮磷钾累积分配均有促进作用,但对籽粒影响不显著。综上说明,氮磷养分胁迫主要通过影响氮磷钾养分在玉米各器官中的累积量,影响其干物质的累积和产量形成,因此平衡施肥是保证高产的前提;施用MRP通过促进生育后期叶片中磷素累积分配提高磷肥利用率;施用NAM通过改善玉米生育前期氮素营养,最终提高籽粒中氮素及干物质累积量,获得较高产量和氮肥利用率;施用PAA能提高玉米灌浆后营养器官干物质和氮磷钾养分的累积分配,进而获得较高的干物质和养分累积总量。

Effect of new specific fertilizer on the growth of peanut

Based on the soil nutrient condition of Fujian province and the nutritional characteristic of peanut, new specific peanut fertilizer was made with some new types of synergists and chemical fertilizers. In 2005, a field experiment was conducted to study the effect of the new specific fertilizer on peanut at Gaobi town, Longyan city, Fujian province. The results showed that, the new specific fertilizer could relieve the inhibition of fertilizers on nodule formation of peanut, promote the growth of peanut plants, increase the yield of peanut and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer, contrasted to common fertilizers. To compare with one time application of common fertilizers, the new specific fertilizer which was applied one time and twice had significant positive influences on yield of peanut and nutrient use efficiency, increased economic yield of peanut by 3.8% and 6.3%; improved nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium use efficiency by 3.9, 2.8, 4.3 and 4.5, 5.7, 7.4 percentage points respectively. Compared with twice applications of common fertilizers, the new specific fertilizer which was applied as the method above increased economic yield of peanut by 0.7% and 3.2%; improved nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium use efficiency by 0.3, 1.6, 0.5 and 0.9 4.5, 3.6 percentage points respectively.