浅析太极拳养生性与技击性的融合关系

本研究通过文献资料法、访谈法等对太极拳养生性与技击性之间的关系进行梳理。结果表明:技击性是太极拳的根本,养生性是太极拳的重要属性,太极拳受到人们喜爱的重要原因在于它完美地将养生性与技击性相融合。

中国性养生学发展的马鞍形轨迹（Ⅰ）

中国性养生学发展的马鞍形轨迹（Ⅰ）湖南省中医药研究院（４１０００６）王明辉主题词性．养生／发展趋势，养生／历史，中医学中国儒、佛、道三教文化影响下逐渐融合而成的房事养生学源远流长，从《周易》论阴阳八卦以后，其较有系统的学术思想，多体现在先秦时期讲究调...

体育养生自我指导的心理学方法

体育养生,就是利用一些运动不剧烈或技巧难度不很大且动作比较舒展的体育项目,来进行经常性的有益于身心健康的体育锻炼,用以激活与焕发身心的生机与活力,维护老年生态应有的荣盛,实现延缓衰老延年益寿之目的。调查发现,爱好体育养生的广大老年朋友,在体育养生的自我指导中,亲自探索和创新出融科学性学术性操作性实效性于一体的五大心理学方法,即兴趣驱动法,意志攀登法,情感簇拥法,从众攻坚法,风险规避法。

张三丰道家美学思想的三重特性

元明时期的张三丰,对后世道家美学产生过相当的影响,很值得深入研究。他在实践上师承前贤,深化了内功,理论上以道为主,三教合一,形成了卓然高标、隐逸度世、修身养性的道家美学思想。

Application of N: P Stoichiometry to Ecology Studies

Stoichiometry has long been addressed in the studies of ecosystem ecology, but it was almost ignored for a long time. Until recently, ecologists have become aware that stoichiometry could provide a new tool to study ecology from genes to the biosphere. Among this trend, N:P stoichiometry is used actively in ecological interactions since nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the two most important elements in most ecosystems. This article reviews the application of N:P stoichiometry to the studies of ecological problems at different levels, including ecosystem, community and species. Meanwhile, we also provide the cellular basis of N:P stoichiometry, identify the shortages in the use of N:P stoichiometry theory, and put forward some perspectives for future research to be conducted.

Unisexual Pistillate Flower Regeneration in Immature Embryo Culture of Wheat

In this experiment, floral development from tissue culture of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was investigated. Immature embryos of 45 wheat cultivars were cultured, and 11.1% of the genotypes regenerated floral organs from the calli near the bases of the green buds or plantlets regenerated. The floral buds were morphologically incomplete with the appearances of unisexual pistillate flowers which were naked, clustered with normal ovaries and exuberant feather-like stigmas, but without stamens, paleas, lemmas and glumes. The histological examination showed that the pistils originated from the meristematic cells near the green buds or plantlets, and the clustered pistils were formed by secondary pistillate regeneration. The development of the feather-like structures was earlier than that of the ovules. Biovule developed from an ovary besides normal uniovule. Statistical analysis by X 2 test for independency demonstrated highly significant difference of flower regeneration among the tested genotypes. Wheat cultivar YA-1 revealed higher percentage (44.4%) than other genotypes, and the response could well be repeated in different years. It was indicated that the floral regeneration of immature embryo explants of YA-1 is relatively stable. The frequency of floral regeneration was mainly regulated by the components in the subculture media, compared with the response of the dedifferentiation media, despite the obviously different components involving basal medium type, inorganic Fe2+ concentration and plant growth regulators. The results suggested the combination of 6-benzylaminopurine, alpha-naphthalene acetic-acid and doubled inorganic Fe2+ might be more beneficial to inducing the floral development than that of 2,4-D and normal inorganic Fe2+ concentration in subculture medium. However, both immature inflorescence and mature embryo, as cultured explants of YA-1, did not regenerate any flower organs. It is believed that the immature embryo culture of YA-1 can be used to establish ideal experimental system for the study of floral developmental mechanism in wheat.

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Soil Microbial Biomass,Soil Enzyme Activities and Related Nutrients in Continuous-cropping Sugarcane Field

[Objective] This study was conducted to expound the fertility improvement effect in continuous-cropping sugarcane field and provide reference for establishment of rational sugarcane fertilization system and improvement of soil quality in continuous-cropping sugarcane field. [Method] The soil in the experimental region is latosolic red soil which was planted with sugarcane for 11 years continuously, and 8 treatments including sole application of chemical fertilizers, sole application of organ- ic fertilizer, and combined application of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizers were designed according to different fertilization measures. The effects of different fertilization treatments on soil microbial biomass, soil enzyme activities and related fertility factors were determined. [Result} Different fertilization treatments all showed soil microbial biomass N, C and P and activities of soil acid phosphatase, catalase, sucrase and urease higher than the CK. Soil microbial biomass N increased by 5.56%-67.13%, soil microbial biomass C increased by 4.01%-20.40%, and soil mi- crobial biomass P increased by 6.39%-67.02%. The activity of acid phosphatase was improved by 12.96%-35.19%, the activity of catalase was improved by 18.24% -78.93%, the activity of sucrase was improved by 3.00%-42.00%, and the activity of urease was improved by 1.21%-23.43%. However, the soil nutrients of different fertilization treatments increased non-significantly （P〉0.05）. Soil microbial biomass N, C and P and activities of acid phosphatase, catalase and urease were in significant （P〈0.05） or very significant correlation （P〈0.01） with contents of soil rapidly available P, rapidly available K and total N. [Conclusion] The evaluation of improvement of soil fertility in continuous-cropping sugarcane field using soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities as indexes is more comprehensive and sensitive.

Study on Nutritional Characteristics of Dianjiang Peony at Different Growth Stages

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the nutritional characteristics of Dianjiang peony at different growth stages.[Method] The yield,nutrient content and nutrient uptake of Dianjiang peony at different growth stages and available nutrient content in soil were investigated by field survey and indoor chemical analysis.[Resuit] The results showed that biomass,leaf weight,tender stem weight and cortex moutan weight （yield） of 1-4 years old peony exhibited a significant quadratic regression relationship with the cultivation duration.The average content and uptake of 12 nutrients in leaves exhibited an overall order of Ca＞N＞K＞Mg＞S＞P＞Fe＞Mn＞ Zn＞Cu,which was consistent to that in tender stems.However,the average content and uptake of various nutrient elements in cortex moutan exhibited an overall order of N＞Ca＞K＞Mg＞P＞S＞Fe＞Zn＞Cu＞Mn,which was different from that in leaves and tender stems.In addition,the average content and uptake of various nutrient elements in petioles exhibited an overall order of Ca＞K＞N＞Mg＞S＞P＞Fe＞Mn＞Zn＞Cu.The content of organic matter in soil of Dianjiang peony at different growth stages varied greatly; to be specific,contents of N,S,Mn and Zn were higher.[Conclusion] This study provided theoretical basis for the production of high-quality and high-yield peony.

青城金刀出鞘拳

拳照演式者金跃山老师演示此拳法时年已90岁，看来“耄耋能御众”并非太极拳专利，青城老叟亦可为之。“拳如其人”，金老师今年已逾九旬，尚拳脚如风，胜似青壮，可见此拳法的技击性、养生性。金老师功夫究竟有多深厚，请见“封面人物”一栏!

Toxicity Effect of Hg^(2+) and Cr(VI) on Alga Growth in Eutrophic Water

[ Objective] The toxicity effect of Hg^2＋ and Cr（Ⅵ） on alga growth in eutrophic water was studied to provide reference for biomonitoring and bioremediation of eutrophic water. [ Method ] The mother liquid of alga, which was separated from the eutrophic water, were put into the solutions of Hg^2＋ and Cr（Ⅵ） with different concentrations and their mixture solution, respectively. And the toxicity effect of Hg^2＋ and Cr（Ⅵ） on the growth and propagation of alga in eutrophic water was observed. [ Result] The alga in eutrophic water performed rather sensitive to Cr（Ⅵ） and when its concentration was over 1 mg/L, threre was obvious effect on alga growth. The alga was not very sensitive to Hg^2＋ when its concentration was lower, but its toxicity became stronger and stronger when its concentration increased to some extent and the toxicity effect of Cr（Ⅵ） on alga growth was just on the contrary. When the ion concentration was lower than 10 mg/L, the toxicity of Hg^2＋ on alga was lower than that of Cr（Ⅵ）. When the concentration was over 10 mg/L, the toxicity of Hg^2＋ exceeded that of Cr（Ⅵ）. The toxicity of ion mixture solution of Hg^2＋ and Cr（Ⅵ） had synergism inhibition on alga, which could be performed only when the concentration was over 4 mg/L. [ Conclusion] The toxicity of heavy metal on alga not only related to the alga cell, but also related to the concentration of heavy metal ion.

Study on Rooting of Strawberry Bechika

[Objective] The aim was to study rooting environment of strawberry ＂Bechi- ka＂ seedlings, and the somaclone domesticated transplanting was carded on. [Method] With the stem tip of stolon as material, the influence factom of rooting and the effects of different transplanting substrata on survival rate was investigated. [Result] The results showed that： 1/2MS was the best concentration for rooting and the rooting rate could reach 100%. IBA was better than IAA for rooting on growth regu- lator levdls, and it had the best effect on rooting with 0.3 mg/L, which produced the thickest and most-fibrous roots. Activated carbon had positive influences on the growth of roots, and the suitable concentration of activated carbon was 0.5 mg/l_ for rooting. The study found that survival rate of tissue culture seedlings was obviously higher in the combination of perlite and vermiculite than that in the combination of humus and sand, and the survival rate could reach 98.1% （perlite：vermiculite=l：l）. Seedlings in various transplanting substrata could normally bloom, fruit and form stolons. [Conclusion] The study provided technical support for achieving large-scale production of virus-free strawberry and quickly cultivating good seedlings.

Enhanced Biological Nutrients Removal in Modified Step-feed Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic Process

In order to enhance phosphorus removal in traditional step-feed anoxic/oxic nitrogen removal process,a modified pilot-scale step-feed anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(SFA 2/O) system was developed,which combined a reactor similar to UCT-type configuration and two-stage anoxic/oxic process.The simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal capacities and the potential of denitrifying phosphorus removal,in particular,were investigated with four different feeding patterns using real municipal wastewater.The results showed that the feeding ratios(Q1)in the first stage determined the nutrient removal performance in the SFA 2/O system.The average phosphorus removal efficiency increased from 19.17% to 96.25% as Q1 was gradually increased from run 1 to run 4,but the nitrogen removal efficiency exhibited a different tendency,which attained a maximum 73.61%in run 3 and then decreased to 59.62%in run 4.As a compromise between nitrogen and phosphorus removal,run 3 (Q1=0.45Qtotal) was identified as the optimal and stable case with the maximum anoxic phosphorus uptake rate of 1.58 mg·(g MLSS)-1 ·h-1.The results of batch tests showed that ratio of the anoxic phosphate uptake capacity to the aerobic phosphate uptake capacity increased from 11.96% to 36.85% with the optimal influent feeding ratio to the system in run 3,which demonstrated that the denitrifying polyP accumulating organisms could be accumulated and contributed more to the total phosphorus removal by optimizing the inflow ratio distribution.However,the nitrate recirculation to anoxic zone and influent feeding ratios should be carefully controlled for carbon source saving.

Analysis of the Biological Characteristics of a Parasitical Fungus in Chrysosplenium absconditicapsulum J. T. Pan Leaves

[Objective] This study aimed to uncover the biological characteristics of a parasitical fungus in Chrysosp/enium absconditicapsu/um J. T. Pan leaves. [Method] PDA medium was used to isolate the fungus from C. absconditicapsulum leaves; PDA medium, modified KB medium and Czapek medium were adopted to cultivate the isolated strain. [Result] Colonies of the strain were stretched, white, fedora- shaped with smooth and wavy edges, and showed diameter growth on PDA medi- um, modified KB medium and Czapek medium. At the late stage of culture, the colonies turned into cyanish brown on the above media. Spores were black and born on the surface of colonies on PDA medium with blackened medium. While on modified KB medium and Czapek medium, they were born at the edge of colonies with blackened medium. The spores varied in a wide range of shapes, mostly ob- clavate, sometimes spherical or ellipsoidal. The conidia were muriformly septate with transverse or longitudinal or oblique septations. The pseudo-beaks were short and cylindrical. [Conclusion] According to relevant literatures, the isolated strain is a fungus in Alternaria, Dematiaceae, Hylohomycetales, Hyphomycetes, Deuteromycotina.

Rheological and Structural Properties of Sea Cucumber Stichopus japonicus During Heat Treatment

Changes in tissue structure, rheological properties and water content of raw and heated sea cucumber meat were studied. Sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus was heated at 25℃, 70℃ and 100℃ water for 5 min. The structural changes were observed using a light microscope and the rheological parameters （rupture strength, adhesive strength and deformation） determined using a texture meter. Microscopic photograph revealed that the structural change of heated meat was greater than that of raw meat. The rupture strength, adhesive strength and deformation of raw meat were smaller than those of the heated meat. Meanwhile, rheological parameters showed positive correlation with heating temperature. These changes are mainly caused by thermal denaturation and gelatinization of collagen during heating. These changes were also evidenced in observations using a light microscope and differential scanning calorimetry.

Analysis of genetic diversity for wild and captive green peafowl populations by random amplified polymorphic DNA technique

The genetic diversity of the populations for 14 wild green peafowls (Pavo muticus) and 18 captive green pea-fowls was investigated by using the technology of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Totally 161 and 166 ampli-fied bands were obtained by using 23 arbitrary primers to amplify the genomic DNA of wild and captive green peafowls re-spectively. The results showed that the average relative genetic distance of the wild and captive green peafowls popula-tions was 0.0555 and 0.1355, respectively, and difference of the average relative genetic distances between the two popu-lations was 0.1635. The Shannon diversity index for the wild and captive green peafowl populations was 0.4348 and 1.0163, respectively, which means that there exists significant difference in genetic diversity between the two populations, and the genetic diversity of wild green peafowl was low. The two populations originated from two different families according to analysis by the UPGMA method. This research can provide the theoretical basis for supervising genealogies management of peafowl populations.

Microbial Community Characteristics in a Degraded Wetland of the Yellow River Delta

Five different sites with a soluble salt gradient of 3.0-17.7 g kg^-1 dry soil from the coast to the inland were selected, and the microbial population size, activity and diversity in the rhizospheres of five common plant species and the adjacent bulk soils （non-rhizosphere） were compared in a degraded wetland of the Yellow River Delta, Shandong Province, China to study the effects of soil environment （salinity, seasonality, depth, and rhizosphere） on microbial communities and the wetland＇s ecological function, thus providing basic data for the bioremediation of degraded wetlands. There was a significant negative linear relationship between the salinity and the total number of microorganisms, overall microbial activity, or culturable microbial diversity. Salinity adversely affected the microbial community, and higher salinity levels resulted in smaller and less active microbial communities. Seasonal changes were observed in microbial activity but did not occur in the size and diversity. The microbial size, activity and diversity decreased with increasing soil depth. The size, activity and diversity of culturable microorganisms increased in the rhizospheres. All rhizospheres had positive effects on the microbial communities, and common seepweed had the highest rhizosphere effect. Three halophilic bacteria （Pseudomonas mendocina, Burkholderia glumae, and Acinetobacter johnsonii） were separated through BIOLOG identification, and common seepweed could be recommended for bioremediation of degraded wetlands in the Yellow River Delta.

Microbial profile and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in bile cultures from endoscopic retrograde cholangiography patients

AIM： To identify the frequency of bacterial growth, the most commonly grown bacteria and their antibiotic susceptibility, and risk factors for bacterial colonization in bile collected from patients with different biliary dis- eases. METHODS： This prospective study was conducted be- tween April 2010 and August 2011. Patients with vari- ous biliary disorders were included. Bile was aspirated by placing a single-use, 5F, standard sphincterotome catheter into the bile duct before the injection of con- trast agent during endoscopic retrograde cholangio- pancreaticography （ERCP）. Bile specimens were trans- ported to the microbiology laboratory in blood culture bottles within an anaerobic transport system. Bacteria were cultured and identified according to the standard protocol used in our clinical microbiology laboratory. The susceptibilities of the organisms recovered were identified using antimicrobial disks, chosen according tothe initial gram stain of the positive cultures RESULTS： Ninety-one patients （27% male, mean age 53.7 4- 17.5 years, range： 17-86 years） were included in the study. The main indication for ERCP was benign biliary disease in 79 patients and malignant disease in 12 patients. The bile culture was positive for bacterial growth in 46 out of 91 （50.5%） patients. The most frequently encountered organisms were Gram-negative bacteria including Escherich/a coli （28.2%）, Pseudo- monas （17.3%） and Stenotrophomonas rnaltophilia （15.2%）. There were no significant differences between patients with malignant and benign disease （58% vs 49%, P = 0.474）, patients with acute cholangitis and without acute cholangitis （52.9% vs 50%, P = 0.827）, patients who were empirically administered antibiotics before intervention and not administered （51.4% vs 60.7%, P = 0.384）, with regard to the bacteriobilia. We observed a large covering spectrum or low resistance to meropenem, amikacin and imipenem. CONCLUSION： We did not find a significant risk fac- tor for bacteriobilia in patients with biliary obstruction. A bile sample for microbiological analysis may become a valuable diagnostic tool as it leads to more accurate selection of antibiotics for the treatment of cholangitis.

The Arabidopsis PRCl-like ring-finger proteins are necessary for repression of embryonic traits during vegetative growth

Polycomb group genes play crucial roles in the maintenance of the transcriptionally silenced state of genes for proper cell differentiation in animals and plants. While components of the polycomb repressive complex2 （PRC2） are evolutionarily conserved and their functions are extensively studied in plants, PRCI differs considerably between animals and plants, and its functions in plants are as yet not well described. Previous studies have identified the Arabidopsis AtRINGla and AtRINGlb as homologues of the animal PRC1 subunit RING1. Here, we show that the Atringla Atringlb double mutant exhibits derepression of embryonic traits during vegetative growth. Accordingly, several key regulatory genes involved in embryogenesis and stem cell activity are ectopically expressed in the mutant. Furthermore, we show that the mutant phenotypes and increased expression of regulatory genes are enhanced by the PRC2 mutant c/f. Finally, we show that three homologues of the animal PRCl-subunit ring-finger protein BMI1, AtBMIIa, AtBMIlb and AtBMIlc, can bind with AtRINGla or AtRINGIb, and in addition, AtBMIlc can bind with LHP1. The Atbmila Atbmilb double mutant shows derepression of embryonic traits similar to that of the Atringla Atringlb double mutant. Interestingly, expression levels of AtBMIla, AtBMIlb and AtBMIlc are elevated in the Atringla Atringlb mutant and those of AtBMIlc, AtRINGla and AtRINGlb are elevated in the Atbmila Atbmilb mu- tant, suggesting a self-regulatory feedback mechanism. Taken together, our results illuminate crucial functions of the PRCl-like ring-finger components in stable repression of embryonic traits and regulatory genes for proper somatic growth.

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF THE WILD AND REARED PSEUDOSCIAENA CROCEA

The genetic diversity of both wild and reared Pseudosciaena crocea (Richardson) collected from Guan Jing Yang in Ningde, China in May 1999 was investigated by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) in the present study. The polymorphism and mean difference of the wild population as revealed by RAPD were 18.9% and 0.0960 respectively, and those of the reared stocks were relatively lower, with 16.7% in polymorphism and 0.0747 in mean difference. The genetic distance between the two stocks was 0.0041. From the comprehensive investigation, the main reasons for the loss of genetic diversity were probably overfishing, small number of parents as broodstocks and the debatable artificial ranching. Results from this study also showed that the large yellow croaker populations distributed along Fujian coastal waters including Guan Jing Yang still potentially wide genetic variability. It is suggested that genetic management and prevention should be scientifically conducted in order to maintain and improve the genetic diversity of the P. crocea population .