一个特写: 论大写的你—内/外部读者

在当下这个信息泛滥的即时媒介(imMEDIAted)时代,“细读者”在哪里,谁又是“细读者”?本文引入了一个新的形象:“内/外部读者”,着力说明其处于间隙间的模糊性和自拍式的主客观性(既是主体又是客体)。“内/外部读者”透过“窗口”去观看也被看到,通常也被反向阅读,既处在内部又在外部,被召唤又召唤着“你”;确切地说,他不在内部,但也肯定不在外部,而是被“公开地”邀请作为你们中的某人或某些人,这都是些被自由创生而成,并被宽泛地普遍化为如此存在的人,亦即互联网中“大写的你(U)”,这一数据点式的晶体管/读者的行为,就像窗口上的蝴蝶一样。爱好阅读的读者,用更古典的姿态,“细致”和“深入”地对文本做出“回应”。他没有在模拟-数字双向迁移的过程中消失,而是隐藏得更深,成为一个即时重新调整的、压扁的(解体的)超级(表层)读者。(打上X的)阅读依然继续。

当代文论语境中的布迪厄

从方法论角度来看,布迪厄文学场理论在当代文论语境中有其重要的意义。布迪厄的文学场概念,为超越对长期以来盛行的文学的内部与外部研究的二元对立,提供了一个非常具有启发性的思路。文章讨论了布迪厄与当代西方文学社会学家的学术互动关系,尤其对戈德曼的发生结构主义文学社会学与布迪厄的文学场社会学进行了一个初步比较。

短视频的著作权保护及雷同作品的实质性相似认定

短视频行业承载着庞大流量的同时,也充斥着诸多著作权侵权问题,主要体现在平台上存在大量雷同短视频。鉴于我国目前对雷同短视频的实质性相似并没有统一的认定方法和标准,因此实践中认定短视频实质性相似会有很大难度。本文以近期引发国内外广泛关注的"越南李子柒"事件为视角,从"思想/表达二分法"原则切入,结合国外的相关判例,分析作品实质性相似的几种主要认定方法,最后提出适用于雷同短视频实质性相似的认定方法——"内/外部测试法"。

Architecture and algorithm for web phishing detection

A phishing detection system, which comprises client-side filtering plug-in, analysis center and protected sites, is proposed. An image-based similarity detection algorithm is conceived to calculate the similarity of two web pages. The web pages are first converted into images, and then divided into sub-images with iterated dividing and shrinking. After that, the attributes of sub-images including color histograms, gray histograms and size parameters are computed to construct the attributed relational graph（ARG）of each page. In order to match two ARGs, the inner earth mover＇s distances（EMD）between every two nodes coming from each ARG respectively are first computed, and then the similarity of web pages by the outer EMD between two ARGs is worked out to detect phishing web pages. The experimental results show that the proposed architecture and algorithm has good robustness along with scalability, and can effectively detect phishing.

微/宏观阅读A:一种在“圣经”尺度上的探讨

微/宏观阅读是一种对时间敏感的实践,同延于我去年论述过的“内/外部”反阅读。在当下这一全球出现大变动的时代,从微观到宏观地去对阅读行为的建基于语境的物质性给予相应的关注,显得尤为重要,本文就是试图对其原因和方式进行探讨。这是2020年围绕阅读而展开的一次协作性努力,得益于埃里卡·亨特1990年发表的关于“对立诗学”的洞见,本文进一步回应了玛乔瑞·帕洛夫的微阅读和微写作以及查尔斯•伯恩斯坦的框架解锁策略。在这一场景中或舞台上出现的还有斯蒂芬•贝斯特和莎朗·马库斯,本文同样论及了他们晚一些时候,但及时地发表的关于“表层阅读”的论述。

浅谈物业服务中的沟通

物业管理属于服务行业,做好物业服务的有效方法之一就是加强与业主的沟通,从而取得业主的理解和支持,实现构建和谐社区的目的。本人据多年的工作实践,总结出一些较为实用的沟通方法;界定了沟通的两个基本方面:一是企业的内部沟通,二是企业的外部沟通;提出了沟通的基本类型。

Influence of external circulation on sludge characteristics during start-up of internal circulation reactor

The start-up of external circulationadded internal circulation(IC) reactor was finished in 26 d, 32 d fewer than that of IC reactor. To evaluate the influence of the added external circulation on the development of granular sludge, the characteristics of the granular sludge taken from the two tested laboratory-scale reactors during start-up were studied. The results show that the added external circulation can enhance biomass granulation, accelerate granule development and improve sludge characteristics. At the end of start-up, the granular size of sludge in external circulation-added IC reactor greatly increases with a size distribution much better than that of sludge in IC reactor. The granular sludge originated from external circulationadded IC reactor contains more extracellular polymers and has a greater settling velocity than that from IC reactor. Methanogenic activity of the granular sludge from the external circulationadded IC reactor started 26 d ago reaches 358.23mL·g -1 ·d -1 , 1.66 and 1.20 times as great as that of the sludge from the IC reactor started 26 d and 58 d ago respectively.

Successful endoscopic treatment of biliary stricture following mesenteric tear caused by blunt abdominal trauma

Biliary duct injuries are frequently iatrogenic, being associated with surgery for gallbladder stones. However, blunt abdominal trauma such as a motor vehicle crash is a rare cause of extrahepatic biliary stricture. A few reports have been published on biliary strictures treated with endoscopic therapy. In the present study, we describe a suprapancreatic biliary stricture associated with mesenteric tear following road traffic accident. We performed endoscopic stent placement, which was successful in relieving the biliary stricture.

Impacts of internal climate variability on meteorological drought changes in China

Drought is one of the extreme events that can be caused by internal climate variability （ICV） and external forcing （EF）. Here, the authors investigate the relative contributions of ICY and EF to meteorological drought changes in China using 40 members from the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble （CESE_LE） project for historical simulations （in response to greenhouse gases and other EF） and future simulations under the RCP8.5 scenario. The authors use the Standardized Precipitation Index （SPI） to represent meteorological drought, and then define and analyze four drought parameters （frequency, severity, duration, and maximum duration） over eight regions of China. For historical periods, the ICV plays a dominant role in drought variation, while with global warming under the RCP8.5 scenario the EF becomes the prominent factor for drought characteristics. With the global warming signal, the effect of ICV varies with the drought parameters. This study suggests that the ICV should be taken into account when climate model simulations are used to investigate drought--in particular, for historical periods.

Interference Robust Channel Hopping Strategies for Wireless Sensor Networks

Due to the shared nature of the wireless medium, the performance of wireless sensor network is often limited by both internal interference and external interference. The internal interference is that simultaneous traffic activity by neighboring nodes in the same network, while the external interference is from wireless transmissions by other types of devices, such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth nodes. In this paper, we present two channel hopping algorithms for multichannel, single-radio wireless sensor networks. The first algorithm achieves collision-free transmission environment while do not introduce extra control overhead. The second algorithm, in addition to reducing internal interference effects, reduces the external interference effects from Wi-Fi devices. Simulation results show that both of them significantly improve performance in wireless sensor network.

Architecture of Intra Prediction for High Efficiency Video Coding

This paper explains intra prediction method for High Efficiency Video Coding(HEVC).Intra prediction removes correlation of adjacent samples in spatial domain.Intra predictor requires reference images which are stored in external memory.Memory access is required frequently in process of intra prediction.The proposed architecture can reduce external memory access by optimized internal buffer.

Surgical management of gastric stump cancer:a report of 37 cases

Objective:To observe the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric stump cancer(GSC)and evaluate the benefitsof radical surgery of GSC.Methods:The clinicopathological characteristics and postoperative survival time of 37 GSC patientswho underwent surgery were investigated retrospectively.The survival time was compared according to the type of surgicaloperation(radical resection vs palliative operation).Twenty-one cases that received radical resection were analyzed based on thepTMN stage.Survival curves were traced by using Kaplan-Meier methods.Results:Most GSC(32/37)was detected in patientswho had received Billroth Ⅱ reconstruction after partial gastrectomy for benign gastric disease.The lesser curvature side and thesuture line of anastomosis were the most frequent sites where GSC occurred(27/37).Differentiated adenocarcinoma was thedominant histopathological type(24/37).The postoperative 5-year survival rate of early stage GSC patients(n=9)was significantlyhigher than advanced stage GSC(n=12)(55.6% vs 16.5%,x_L^2=11.48,P<0.01).Five-year survival rate of 21 GSC patients withradical resection were 75%(3/4)for stage Ⅰ,60%(3/5)for stage Ⅱ,14.2%(1/7)for stage Ⅲ,and 0%(0/5)for stage Ⅳ respectively.The median survival time of 21 GSC patients who underwent radical resection was longer than those undergoing palliative op-eration(43.0 m vs 13.0 m,X_L^2=36.31,P<0.01),the median survival time of stage Ⅳ patients with radical resection was 23.8months.Conclusions:Without remote metastasis,radical resection for GSC is possible,and is an effective way to improve theprognosis of GSC.Even in stage Ⅳ GSC,radical resection can still prolong the survival time.It is necessary for the patients withbenign gastric diseases who received partial gastrectomy to carry out the endoscopy follow-up,especially in patients with BillrothⅡ reconstruction procedure at 15-20 years.

A Review on Construction Coercion

Construction Coercion （CC）, as an important component of Construction Grammar （Cx G） established in 1995 by Goldberg, has aroused much attention of cognitivist and constructionist scholars abroad and at home in the past two decades. A series of studies have explore its definition, motivation, principle, type, function, explanatory power and etc. As CC is still a quite young field and lots of relevant theoretical studies and experimental studies have been implemented, it is necessary to review previous development of CC which enables us to better understand its current situation and prospect. This paper aims to make a review on CC to give some implications for further studies and finds that studies abroad and at home have some similarities but show different focuses and denote different developmental trends.

Innovation in Chinese Agribusinesses： Internal Resources and External Networks

The existing literature on innovation concentrates mostly on large industrial firms and high-technology industries, whereas, little attention has been given to agribusiness. Empirical evidence regarding the driving forces behind innovation in agribusinesses in developing countries, China in particular is scarce. This paper helps fill that void. It develops a framework in which innovation results from synergies between internal resources and external networks. This paper applies and tests the framework using 2003-2005 data from a panel survey of 32 leading agribusiness firms in Shandong Province, China. The empirical results indicate the importance of internal resources, external networks and the synergies between them. We find that R＆D expenditures and the number of technical employees are internal resources that are both important to product innovation. Surprisingly, management quality is negatively related to the possession of a unique technology and new products as a proportion of all products. It is possible that management quality is associated with more formalization and rigidity in decision-making, hindering creativity and lengthening the new product development cycle. In order to develop innovative products, our results suggest that investing in R＆D and hiring more technical staff may be more effective approaches than spending on managerial talent.

Quantification of International Competitiveness of Argentine Fishing Industry

In the 1990s, Argentine exports of fishery products increased significantly for different reasons. Competitiveness is the most important internal factor to determine a country＇s export performance. This factor is referenced constantly and it is considered as a necessary condition when it comes to staying in foreign markets, gaining new ones, and increasing the share of exports. This paper is a preliminary study that aims to develop a software tool which is able to characterize the competitiveness of Argentina in the international market for fishery products. We propose to use predicates generated from the knowledge of experts in the study area and evaluate them through Compensatory Fuzzy Logic. The predicates were related to obtain a value that quantifies the competitiveness of Argentina in the various markets in which it provides. The analysis of results verifies the consistency of the computer tool developed. This methodology applied to the fishing industry is an innovative approach to Argentina, not only for the sector in question but also for other industrial sectors that make up the country＇s productive system

Model for Influences of Magnetic Fields on Intracellular Calcium Oscillations

Based on the model of the two calcium stores developed by Goldbeter, the influence of external magnetic field on the calcium concentration has been discussed. We believe that the cell membrane is a major site of interaction for extremely-low-frequency （ELF） electromagnetic fields, and the permeability of ions can be changed with the changing electromagnetic fields. It is shown that magnetic field initiates intraeellular calcium oscillation with a threshold in flux density, and that the calcium oscillations do not occur if the density of magnetic field is below the threshold. The results of theoretical calculation are consistent with that of the experiment. The intracellular free calcium concentrations of different cells exposed to the same magnetic fields are different from each other. It is indicated that the different behaviors such as oscillation, rise and invariability of calcium concentration are associated with the sort of cells.

联盟控制权与联盟企业权力结构间关系的实证研究

本研究考察了成员企业权力结构对联盟控制权不对称分布的影响。结果表明,成员企业权力结构会显著影响着联盟控制权分布:内部联合权力水平会弱化这种不对称,而其冲突水平则会强化这一不对称,外部联合权力水平也会显著强化联盟控制权分布的不对称,内外部联合间冲突水平也会强化这种不对称。联盟成员企业的权力结构相似性与联盟中控制权分布的不对称性二者之间存在着负相关,但这种负相关关系并非线性关系,仅有成员权力结构的高度相似性才会倾向于降低联盟控制权分布的不对称。本文的相关结论对相关研究与企业经营实践而言均具有一定意义。

External fixation versus open reduction and internal fixation for tibial pilon fractures： A meta-analysis based on observational studies

Purpose： Tibial pilon fractures remain challenging for an orthopaedic surgeon to repair. External fixation （ExFix） and open reduction and internal fixation （ORIF） are two widely used methods for repairing tibial pilon fractures. However, conclusions of comparative studies regarding which method is superior are controversial. Our aim is to compare ORIF and ExFix and clarify which method is better in terms of reduction and union results and major complications. Methods： A computerized research of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Springer, and Cochrane Library （before December 2014） for studies of any design comparing ORIF and ExFix was conducted. Weighted mean difference （WMD）, risk ratio （RR） and corresponding 95% confidence intervals （Cl） were used for esti- mating the effects of the two methods. Statistical analyses were done using Review Manager Version 5.2. Results： Ten cohort studies and one randomized clinical trial were included in our ultimate analysis. And the analysis found no significant difference between the two methods in deep infection （p = 0.13）, reduction （p = 0.11）, clinical evaluation （p = 0.82）, post-traumatic arthrosis Cp = 0.87）, and union time （p = 0.35）. Besides, ExFix group was found to have a higher rate of superficial infection （p = 0.001）, malunion （p = 0.01） and nonunion （p= 0.02）, but have a lower risk of unplanned hardware removal （p = 0.0002）. Conclusions： We suggest that ORIF has a relatively lower incidence rate of superficial infection, malunion and nonunion, hut a higher rate of unplanned hardware removal. No difference was found in deep infection, reduction, clinical evaluation. ~ost-traumatic arthrosis and union time.

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Value for English Learning: Mediation Effects of SelfEfficacy in Chinese EFL Context

The present study examined how students＇ intrinsic and extrinsic value promotes their foreign language proficiency via the mediation effect of self-efficacy beliefs. A total of 1,036 Chinese eighth graders answered an English proficiency test and questionnaires assessing motivational beliefs. Structural equation modelling results with bootstrapping procedures revealed that intrinsic value can directly and indirectly influence foreign language proficiency via partial mediation effect of self-efficacy while extrinsic value can only directly influence foreign language proficiency with a small magnitude. Moreover, there is no gender difference in the mediation model. Our findings suggested that intrinsic value can help students improve foreign language proficiency by improving their self-efficacy beliefs. The findings contribute to the documents of self-determination theory and hold substantive theoretical and practical implications for foreign language teachers.

Clinical efficacy and safety of limited internal fixation combined with external fixation for Pilon fracture： A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose： To compare the clinical efficacy and complications of limited internal fixation combined with external fixation （LIFEF） and open reduction and internal fixation （ORIF） in the treatment of Pilon fracture. Methods： We searched databases including Pubmed, Embase, Web of science, Cochrane Library and China Biology Medicine disc for the studies comparing clinical efficacy and complications of LIFEF and ORIF in the treatment of Pilon fracture. The clinical efficacy was evaluated by the rate of nonunion, malunion/delayed union and the excellent/good rate assessed by Mazur ankle score. The complications including infections and arthritis symptoms after surgery were also investigated. Results： Nine trials including 498 pilon fractures of 494 patients were identified. The meta-analysis found no significant differences in nonunion rate （RR 1.60, 95% CI： 0.66 to 3.86, p =0.30）, and the excellent/good rate （RR 0.95, 95% CI： 0.86 to 1.04, p= 0.28） between LIFEF group and ORIF group. For assessment of infections, there were significant differences in the rate of deep infection （RR 2.18, 95% CI： 1.34 to 3.55, p =0.002）, and the rate of arthritis （RR 1.26, 95% CI： 1.03 to 1.53, p =0.02） between LIFEF group and ORIF group. Conclusion： LIFEF has similar effect as ORIF in the treatment of pilon fractures, however, LIFEF group has significantly higher risk of complications than ORIF group does. So LIFEF is not recommended in the treatment of pilon fracture.