与地下主体结构相结合的超大深基坑支护结构变形及内力特性分析

结合上海软土地区长峰商城逆作法施工超大深基坑的实际工程,建立三维有限元分析模型。通过对有限元计算结果与实测数据的分析比较,探讨与地下主体结构相结合的超大深基坑支护结构变形规律及内力特征。

横向冲击载荷下的车身薄壁梁结构截面内力特性仿真分析方法

薄壁梁结构内力变化是车身结构碰撞分析中的重要特性。以几种常见的圆柱碰撞工况为例,应用一种基于壳单元有限元模型的薄壁梁结构截面内力特性计算方法,分析了横向冲击载荷下的结构内力响应特性。分析内容包括薄壁梁结构的截面内力和内力矩的变化、内力功率和能量传递特性等。研究表明,圆柱冲击结构和结构冲击圆柱两种基本碰撞类型的能量传递方式分别是扩散型和汇聚型,结构形式与载荷工况共同决定了主要承载方式和能量传递的主要途径。结构内力特性仿真分析揭示了薄壁梁结构碰撞响应的力学本质特征———载荷与能量变化特性,为车身结构设计分析提供了重要方法。

浅谈站桩功意念假借中物质三种形态的转变与培养内力特性的关系

物质的三种形态是指气态、液态与固体形态,气体与液体是无形的,而固体是有形的,有形的物体存在都是短暂的,而无形无象的东西往往能长久。初习站桩,意想怀抱一纸球或气球站立在微风中,进一步可想抱一球站在齐胸深的水中,继而水的浓度加大变为泥浆,后来可意想身体被水泥凝固,丝毫不能动毫分。这是一个求间架力。

外水压下大断面公路隧道衬砌结构受力特性模型试验

矿山法修建的山岭隧道有的情况下对地下水采取排导式处理方案。当衬砌背后来水量超出排水系统能力时,将引起衬砌背后外水压增高,甚至导致隧道衬砌结构破坏。自行研制了隧道衬砌外水压力模拟加载试验装置,该装置通过形成负压环境,利用隧道结构模型内外气压差来实现外水压的模拟。基于隧道-地层复合模拟试验平台,开展了外水压下大断面公路隧道衬砌结构受力特性的室内加载模型试验。结果表明:衬砌结构在水土压力共同作用下,轴力呈锥形分布,拱脚轴力大于仰拱和拱部;弯矩呈蝴蝶型分布,拱脚处承受外弯矩,仰拱及拱顶承受内弯矩;轴力、弯矩随水压增加大致呈线性增大,偏心距逐渐减小,拱脚位置具有最大的偏心距,为外水压下隧道衬砌结构受力的最不利位置;依托隧道工程三车道及加宽带衬砌结构产生渗透性裂缝的外水压力分别为330k Pa和420k Pa,开裂裂缝主要出现在左右拱脚区域的外侧及仰拱内侧,为受拉开裂破坏,且随着外水压的增加,裂缝的渗透性急剧增大。此研究可为大断面公路隧道排水型衬砌在外水压力作用下结构安全评估提供参考。

系杆拱桥空间内力分析

对系杆拱桥恒、活载内力采用空间和平面杆系有限元计算程序进行了计算分析,阐明了按平面结构和空间结构分析的内力特性。

某空腹球面网壳结构静力特性分析

通过建立球面空腹网壳有限元模型,研究了球面空腹网壳结构在静荷载作用下内力分布规律,提取了该类结构的内力云图,然后总结分析了该类网壳结构内力特征,鉴于该结构的对称性,选取其中一榀具有代表性的空腹拱进行分析总结,对钢架的杆件内力进行对比,对该类结构的上弦杆,下弦杆和腹杆的内力特征对比,对该类结构设计提供理论依据。

浅析智能颗粒在沥青路面受力特性中的监测应用

沥青路面结构的力学特性一直是道路工程研究的重点,也是其最难解决的问题之一。随着交通量的增长,我国高速公路改扩建工程越来越多,而智能颗粒是针对公路路面受力、变形监测及路用性能预测等需求开发的超小型耐高温高精度传感器。本文结合齐鲁交通发展集团养护大中修项目,通过埋设智能颗粒,研究了沥青面层结构在荷载条件下的力学特性,结果表明智能颗粒能够有效监测沥青路面受力特性,对沥青路面的修复具有十分重要的现实意义和指导意义。

高水压下衬砌背后空洞对结构受力的影响

岩溶区隧道衬砌背后空洞与高透水压力的共同作用,改变了衬砌的受力状态,导致结构原本良好的受力状况恶化,进而可能造成衬砌的开裂破损。采用FLAC3D软件研究不同空洞位置对应力场分布、渗流场分布、二次衬砌内力的影响以及在高透水压力下拱顶空洞大小对二衬内力的影响规律。结果表明:竖直应力场为主应力场时空洞周边会出现应力增大区和应力减小区;空洞会使3倍空洞直径范围内外水压力明显折减;无外水压力时空洞对二次衬砌弯矩的影响远大于轴力;无论空洞存在与否,存在何位置,各测点内力均随水头高度的升高呈现线性变化,拱底与拱脚内力大小及变化速率都远大于其他测点,且空洞不同位置下内力随水压的变化速率有很大区别;边墙空洞使衬砌结构处于偏压状态,且随水头高度的升高偏压效应更加明显;拱部弯矩随拱顶空洞大小线性特征明显。

某续建工程桩筏基础内力与变形特性分析

根据某续建工程桩筏基础加固方案的设计实践,利用ABAQUS软件建立了具有代表性的筏板-桩-土共同作用的三维有限元分析模型,分析了补桩桩长、补桩桩身强度和加固筏板厚度对桩筏基础的内力及变形特性的影响。分析结果表明:补桩桩长对筏板的沉降、弯矩均有较大的影响;补桩桩身强度对筏板沉降及原有桩的桩顶反力影响较小;加固筏板厚度的增大对筏板调节差异沉降和均衡原有桩筏系统内力有利,但同时也会导致整个筏板的自重增大、沉降增大。将桩顶反力和筏板应力的数值计算结果与实测结果进行了比较分析,两者较为吻合。

中、小高层短肢剪力墙结构的抗震性能研究

为了研究短肢剪力墙结构的抗震性能,通过PKPM系列软件建立了一幢10层短肢剪力墙结构的计算模型,并将其与普通剪力墙结构和异形柱剪力墙结构的地震反应作比较。从结构的动力特性、变形特性和内力特性三方面表明,短肢剪力墙结构具有良好的抗震性能。

Developments in the understanding of gas–solid contact efficiency in the circulating fluidized bed riser reactor:A review

In the last several decades, circulating fluidized bed reactors have been studied in many aspects including hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer and gas–solid two phase contacting. However, despite the abundance of review papers on hydrodynamics, there is no summary paper on gas–solid contact efficiency to date, especially on high density circulating fluidized beds(CFBs). This paper gives an introduction to, and a review of the measurement of contact efficiency in circulating fluidized bed riser. Firstly, the popular testing method of contact efficiency including the method of heating transfer experiment and hot model reaction are discussed, then previous published papers are reviewed based on the discussed methods. Some key results of the experimental work are described and discussed. Gas–solid contact efficiency is affected by the operating conditions as well as the particle size distribution. The result of the contact efficiency shows that the CFB riser is far away from an ideal plug flow reactor due to the characteristics of hydrodynamics in the riser. Lacunae in the available literature have been delineated and recommendations have been made for further work.

Stress characteristics of surrounding rocks for inner water exosmosis in high-pressure hydraulic tunnels

Seepage and stress redistribution are the main factors affecting the stability of surrounding rock in high-pressure hydraulic tunnels.In this work,the effects of the seepage field were firstly simplified as a seepage factor acting on the stress field,and the equilibrium equation of high pressure inner water exosmosis was established based on physical theory.Then,the plane strain theory was used to solve the problem of elasticity,and the analytic expression of surrounding rock stress was obtained.On the basis of criterion of Norway,the influences of seepage,pore water pressure and buried depth on the characteristics of the stress distribution of surrounding rocks were studied.The analyses show that the first water-filling plays a decisive role in the stability of the surrounding rock; the influence of seepage on the stress field around the tunnel is the greatest,and the change of the seepage factor is approximately consistent with the logarithm divergence.With the effects of the rock pore water pressure,the circumferential stress shows the exchange between large and small,but the radial stress does not.Increasing the buried depth can enhance the arching effect of the surrounding rock,thus improving the stability.

Experimental study on the effects of big particles physical characteristics on the hydraulic transport inside a horizontal pipe

This paper presents an experimental study of the physical characteristic effects of large particles on hydraulic transport in a horizontal pipe.The particles are spherical and are large with respect to the diameter of the pipe(8%,10%,16% and 25%).Experiments were done to test the important parameters in solid transport(pressure,velocity,etc.).As a result,the relationship between the pressure gradient forces and the mixture velocity was substantially different from the pure liquid flow.However,in a single-phase flow a monotonous behavior of the pressure drop curve is observed,and the curve of the solid particle flow attains its minimum at the critical velocity.The regimes are characterized with differential pressure measurements and visualizations.

Test analysis of stress characteristics on reinforcing rock slope with group anchorage cable

To research the reinforcement effect of a rock slope with group anchorage cables and the stress characteristics of pre-stressed anchorage cables in the fractured surface, the rock slope calculated model of a wedge block within the double-slide face was established by using the finite difference software according to the actual slope project combined with indoor model test. The pre-stress loss rule of the anchorage cable and the distribution of axial force and the force-transferring mechanism of the anchorage cable were analyzed during simulation. Also, based on the displacement contour and the safety factor of the calculated results, the quantitative analysis for the reinforcement ef- fect of the rock slope with group pre-stressed anchorage cable was discovered. The results computed by the software conform with the data in the experiment, which can prove the effectiveness and correctness of parameter selection and model building. Keywords group anchorage reinforcement, rock slope, joint fissure, pre-stressed anchorage cable, stress characteristics

Characteristics of vibration liquefaction of saturated medium sandy soil with silt

In order to understand and master the dynamic characteristics of sandy soil with different silt contents, the authors carried out many indoor dynamic triaxial tests for five groups of sandy with silt which took from Panjin and Xiamen. Under the conditions of consolidation pressure of 100 kPa, 200 kPa, 300 kPa, stationary vibration frequency H=1 and cyclic loading, the authors found that the effective cohesion increases and the effective internal friction angle decreases with the increase of the silt contents. During the liquefied scope, the cementation and the strength have been increased with the increase of the silt contents.

Cell Area and Strut Distribution Changes of Bent Coronary Stents:A Finite Element Analysis

Coronary stents are metal coils or mesh tubes delivered to blocked vessels through catheters, whic Recently, special drugs h are expanded by balloons to reopen and scaffold target vessels. are carried by stents （drug-eluting stents） to further reduce instent restenosis rate after stenting procedure. However, continual study on biomechanical characteristics of stents is necessary provide a more suitable drug loading for better interactions between stents and tissue, or to platform for drug-eluting stents. The purpose of this paper is to show how finite element methods can be used to study cell area and strut distribution changes of bent coronary stents. A same bending deformation was applied to two commercial coronary stent models by a rigid curved vessel. Results show that the stent design influenced the changes of cell area and strut distribution under bending situation. The stent with links had more cell area changes at outer curvature, and the stent with peak-peak （ 〉 〈 ） strut design could have strut contact and overlapping at inner curvature. In conclusion, this finite element method can be used to study and compare cell area and strut distribution changes of bent stents, and to provide a convenient tool for designers in testing and improving biomechanical characteristics of new stents.

富水地层公路隧道衬砌背后空洞对结构受力的影响

富水地层公路隧道衬砌背后空洞的存在恶化了其结构的受力状态,使衬砌易于开裂进而影响隧道的营运安全。研制外水压加载装置,该装置在二衬模型内部创造一个封闭的负压环境,通过控制模型内外气压差来实现外水压的等效加载,同时结合隧道–地层复合模拟试验系统开展几何相似比为1∶30的室内模型加载试验,全面研究不同位置空洞与不同外水压荷载共同作用下二次衬砌的受力分布规律及开裂特征。结果表明,衬砌背后存在空洞时的二衬的轴力与弯矩总体不再呈对称分布,不同位置空洞对衬砌结构的受力影响不同,空洞附近区域的衬砌内力变化最为显著;无论空洞位于何位置,随着外水压力的增大,二衬轴力及弯矩均大致呈线性增大趋势,空洞附近区域的轴力及弯矩增大速度明显大于二衬其他部位;偏心距则随外水压的增大而减小,水压超过150 kPa后基本不发生变化;相同外水压下,加宽带二衬轴力与弯矩明显大于三车道,分布及变化规律则大致相同;应力场为竖直主应力场时,外水压下左边墙空洞对于衬砌结构的承载力影响最大,拱顶空洞次之,仰拱空洞最小;背后存在空洞的衬砌部位的裂缝数量及开裂程度明显大于其他部位。

隧道二次衬砌脱空带模注浆对衬砌结构受力影响的试验研究

隧道二次衬砌背后多空洞的存在会导致其结构受力状态的恶化,极易引起隧道衬砌开裂并直接影响隧道运营的安全,为解决此类问题,现场广泛采用带模注浆方式进行空洞充填。为此,文章结合某铁路隧道采用微膨胀注浆材料对二次衬砌空洞进行注浆补强的工程实例,在室内采用几何相似比为1∶30的模型进行高性能微膨胀充填材料注浆试验,研究在二次衬砌背后不同空洞位置进行带模注浆补强下,初期支护及二次衬砌的受力分布规律及特征。结果表明,弯矩在空洞处增长最快,二次衬砌处弯矩的增长要大于初期支护处的,其中拱顶空洞和拱顶+双拱肩空洞条件下增长最为明显;轴力在空洞处增长最快,且在拱顶和右拱肩部位变化最为明显。充填材料在注浆过程中引起结构的内力变化均在规定范围内,未发现开裂,有效验证了自主研发的水泥基充填材料的应用安全性。

Tectonics of South China Continent and its implications

This paper aims at exploring the tectonic characteristics of the South China Continent （SCC） and extracting the universal tec- tonic rules from these characteristics,to help enrich the plate tectonic theory and better understand the continental dynamic system. For this purpose, here we conduct a multi-disciplinary investigation and combine it with the previous studies to reas- sess the tectonics and evolution of SCC and propose that the tectonic framework of the continent comprises two blocks, three types of tectonic units, four deformation systems, and four evolutionary stages with distinctive mechanism and tectonic characteris- tics since the Neoproterozoic. The four evolutionary stages are： （1） The amalgamation and break-up of the Neoproterozoic plates, typically the intracontinental rifting. （2） The early Paleozoic and Mesozoic intracontinental orogeny confined by plate tectonics, forming two composite tectonic domains. （3） The parallel operation of the Yangtze cratonization and intracontinental orogeny, and multi-phase reactivation of the Yangtze craton. （4） The association and differentiation evolution of plate tectonics and intraconti- nental tectonics, and the dynamic characteristics under the Meso-Cenozoic modem global plate tectonic regime.

Tuning the molecular size of site-specific interferon-polymer conjugate for optimized antitumor efficacy

The covalent attachment of protein-resistant polymers to therapeutic proteins is a widely used method for extending their in vivo half-lives; however, the effect of molecular weight of polymer on the in vitro and in vivo functions of protein-polymer conjugates has not been well elucidated. Herein we report the effect of molecular weight of poly（oligo（ethylene glycol） methyl ether methacrylate） （POEGMA） on the in vitro and in vivo properties of C-termi- nal interferon-alpha （IFN）-POEGMA conjugates. Increasing the molecular weight of POEGMA decreased the in vitro activity of IFN-ct but increased its thermal stability and in vivo pharmacokinetics. Intriguingly, the in vivo antitumor efficacy of IFN-a was increased by increasing the POEGMA molecular weight from ca. 20 to 60 kDa, but was not further increased by increasing the molecular weight of POEGMA from ca. 60 to 100 kDa due to the neutralization of the improved pharmacokinetics and the reduced in vitro activity. This finding offers a new viewpoint on the molecular size rationale for designing next-generation protein-polymer conjugates, which may benefit patients by reducing admin- istration frequency and adverse reactions, and improving therapeutic efficacy.