A detailed three-dimensional mechanistic model of a large-scale solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) unit running on partially pre-reformed methane is developed. The model considers the coupling effects of chemical and electro...A detailed three-dimensional mechanistic model of a large-scale solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) unit running on partially pre-reformed methane is developed. The model considers the coupling effects of chemical and electrochemical reactions, mass transport, momentum and heat transfer in the SOFC unit. After model validation, parametric simulations are conducted to investigate how the methane pre-reforming ratio affects the transport and electrochemistry of the SOFC unit. It is found that the methane steam reforming reaction has a "smoothing effect", which can achieve more uniform distributions of gas compositions, current density and temperature among the cell plane. In the case of 1500 W/m^2 power density output, adding 20% methane absorbs 50% of internal heat production inside the cell, reduces the maximum temperature difference inside the cell from 70 K to 22 K and reduces the cathode air supply by 75%, compared to the condition of completely pre-reforming of methane. Under specific operating conditions, the pre-reforming ratio of methane has an optimal range for obtaining a good temperature distribution and good cell performance.展开更多
Biphenyl moiety represents a unique structural motif of many natural and unnatural products with biological interests, and dehydrogenative couplings of two aryl C–H bonds under oxidative conditions is unambiguously t...Biphenyl moiety represents a unique structural motif of many natural and unnatural products with biological interests, and dehydrogenative couplings of two aryl C–H bonds under oxidative conditions is unambiguously the most efficient and direct preparation of these compounds. However, higher oxidation potential of benzene derivatives makes such oxidative couplings much more difficult than other arenes. Only very limited advances have been achieved on direct formation of the crucial C–C bond between two phenyl derivatives by dehydrogenative phenyl coupling in the last two decades. This article briefly summarized and commented a number of representative recent achievements in this attractive field, including homo-, cross-and intramolecular rearrangement and couplings, as well as their applications in organic synthesis.展开更多
Making use of the periodic unfolding method,the authors give an elementary proof for the periodic homogenization of the elastic torsion problem of an infinite 3dimensional rod with a multiply-connected cross section a...Making use of the periodic unfolding method,the authors give an elementary proof for the periodic homogenization of the elastic torsion problem of an infinite 3dimensional rod with a multiply-connected cross section as well as for the general electroconductivity problem in the presence of many perfect conductors(arising in resistivity well-logging).Both problems fall into the general setting of equi-valued surfaces with corresponding assigned total fluxes.The unfolding method also gives a general corrector result for these problems.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51776108,No.51476092)
文摘A detailed three-dimensional mechanistic model of a large-scale solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC) unit running on partially pre-reformed methane is developed. The model considers the coupling effects of chemical and electrochemical reactions, mass transport, momentum and heat transfer in the SOFC unit. After model validation, parametric simulations are conducted to investigate how the methane pre-reforming ratio affects the transport and electrochemistry of the SOFC unit. It is found that the methane steam reforming reaction has a "smoothing effect", which can achieve more uniform distributions of gas compositions, current density and temperature among the cell plane. In the case of 1500 W/m^2 power density output, adding 20% methane absorbs 50% of internal heat production inside the cell, reduces the maximum temperature difference inside the cell from 70 K to 22 K and reduces the cathode air supply by 75%, compared to the condition of completely pre-reforming of methane. Under specific operating conditions, the pre-reforming ratio of methane has an optimal range for obtaining a good temperature distribution and good cell performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21472087)
文摘Biphenyl moiety represents a unique structural motif of many natural and unnatural products with biological interests, and dehydrogenative couplings of two aryl C–H bonds under oxidative conditions is unambiguously the most efficient and direct preparation of these compounds. However, higher oxidation potential of benzene derivatives makes such oxidative couplings much more difficult than other arenes. Only very limited advances have been achieved on direct formation of the crucial C–C bond between two phenyl derivatives by dehydrogenative phenyl coupling in the last two decades. This article briefly summarized and commented a number of representative recent achievements in this attractive field, including homo-, cross-and intramolecular rearrangement and couplings, as well as their applications in organic synthesis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11121101)the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2013CB834100)
文摘Making use of the periodic unfolding method,the authors give an elementary proof for the periodic homogenization of the elastic torsion problem of an infinite 3dimensional rod with a multiply-connected cross section as well as for the general electroconductivity problem in the presence of many perfect conductors(arising in resistivity well-logging).Both problems fall into the general setting of equi-valued surfaces with corresponding assigned total fluxes.The unfolding method also gives a general corrector result for these problems.
