肝癌CO_2-DSA表现:CO_2-DSA显示动脉-门脉短路与肝内子结节的相关关系

自１９８２年Ｈａｗｋｉｎｓ〔１〕首先将ＣＯ２ＤＳＡ应用于外周动脉造影以来，目前ＣＯ２ＤＳＡ较多应用于评价腹主、肾、四肢动脉和腔静脉的血管病变，应用于肝癌（ＨＣＣ）的动脉造影报道不多。本研究对一组ＨＣＣ患者行ＣＯ２ＤＳＡ，并与常规ＤＳＡ相比较，旨...

应用宫颈旋切器行剖腹筋膜内子宫全切术的配合与体会

目的:探讨宫颈旋切器在剖腹筋膜内子宫全切术中的应用及优点。方法:应用宫颈旋切器,经阴道将宫颈管的内膜组织切除。结果:86例子宫肌瘤患者,均在术后1周治愈出院,无并发症发生。结论:与经腹筋膜内子宫切除相比,损伤小,出血少,操作方便,安全有效;保留盆底及阴道内解剖结构的完整性,提高术后生活质量;切除宫颈管的内膜组织,预防宫颈癌的发生取得良好效果。

基于类内子空间学习的局部线性嵌入算法

为了充分利用样本的类别信息,提取出更加有效的分类特征,提出一种基于类内子空间学习的局部线性嵌入算法。该算法首先获取类内离散矩阵的子空间,然后采用类内子空间构成类间离散矩阵;为了进一步增强算法的性能,使用了结合最大边界准则与局部线性嵌入算法的目标函数。最后在人脸数据库上的实验结果表明,同其他算法相比,ISL/LLE算法具有更好的识别性能。

三朝开咽喉以茶饯别夏续苏内子

三朝开咽喉以茶饯别夏续苏内子一九九六年十二月十四日江西婺源方振川耳鬓厮磨情怎了？相濡以沫意难休。从前不向君垂泪，此后长应独自流。忍对花残归旧室？何堪月缺倚空楼！今朝饯别黄泉路，一碗清茶可入喉？咏茶河南洛阳刘延平举杯翠影笑春波，一口沁心味若何？馨润枯肠...

《庄子·内篇》“VP_(1)而VP_(2)”“NP之VP”结构研究

连词“而”是一个高频虚词,当它连接两个动词性词语VP_(1)、VP_(2)时,用法较为复杂。根据两个VP之间的句法语义关系,《庄子·内篇》中的“VP_(1)而VP_(2)”结构可以分析为四种类型:连谓、偏正、联合、紧缩。“NP之VP”结构在《内篇》中的出现频率也比较高。结构助词“之”置于主谓结构“NP+VP”中间,形成体词性偏正结构“NP之VP”,相当于现代汉语“NP的VP”。该结构在句法上只能分布于主、宾位;在语义上不具有独立性,是谓语核心动词的论元成分;在语用上具有指称功能。

江城子·哭内子

少年兰小读书忙，喜同堂，细磋商。渐壮年华，父母命成双。可叹曩时当右派，卿饮泣，我惊慌。哪知恶梦逐鸳鸯，飞无影，别仙乡。孤老无言，午夜泪千行。常盼清明坟上约，魂相伴，去天堂。

Engineering The Neck Hinge Reshapes The Processive Movement of Kinesin-3

Objective In kinesin-3,the neck coil correlates with the following segments to form an extended neck that contains a characteristic hinge diverse from a proline in KIF13B to a long flexible linker in KIF1A.The function of this neck hinge for controlling processive movement,however,remains unclear.Methods We made a series of modifications to the neck hinges of KIF13B and KIF1A and tested their movement using a single-molecule motility assay.Results In KIF13B,the insertion of flexible residues before or after the proline differentially impacts the processivity or velocity,while the removal of this proline increases the both.In KIF1A,the deletion of entire flexible neck hinge merely enhances the processivity.The engineering of these hinge-truncated necks of kinesin-3 into kinesin-1 similarly boosts the processive movement of kinesin-1.Conclusion The neck hinge in kinesin-3 controls its processive movement and proper modifications tune the motor motility,which provides a novel strategy to reshape the processive movement of kinesin motors.

Research progress on the correlation between aqueous humor components and pathogenesis and postoperative complications in patients with different types of cataracts

Aqueous humor provides the necessary nutrition for the lens and transports the metabolites in the eye.It was a liquid that can directly reflect the microenvironment in the eye'and it can be easily obtained during the operation.This review intended to analyze the components of aqueous humor in patients with different types of cataracts'so as to reflect the pathogenesis and development of the disease'evaluate the incidence of postoperative complications and provide reference value for the surgical design of sequential cataract surgery.The aqueous humor components of different types of cataracts showed different degrees of inflammation'oxidative stress and extracellular matrix remodeling.The biomarker of early neuropathy in diabetic cataract was neural cell adhesion molecule-1(NCAM1).Transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)was the evaluation factor of disease development in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome.The relationships between postoperative complications of different types of cataracts and aqueous humor components were as follows:Macular edema after diabetic cataract surgery was associated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha;capsular contraction after high myopic cataract surgery was related to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)and TGF-β2;Klotho and glutathione S-transferase P 1(GSTP1)were associated with high intraocular pressure after primary open-angle glaucoma complicated by cataract surgery;capsular contraction after retinitis pigmentosa complicated by cataract surgery was associated with matrix metalloproteinases;pro-inflammatory cytokines and fibroblast growth factor 4 in the aqueous humor of congenital cataracts were associated with posterior capsular opacification after surgery.Granulocyte colony stimulating factor 3 and MCP-1 were the main cytokines mediating the pain of the second eye in the binocular sequential cataract surgery short interval(1 wk)'while MCP-1 mediated pain in the long interval(6 wk).The second eye after binocular sequential cataract surgery had a higher level of proinflammatory factors.The components of aqueous humor in patients with different types of cataracts were related to the pathogenesis and postoperative complications of the disease.Monitoring the components of the aqueous humor could help better understand the intraocular microenvironment of different types of cataracts and provide a reference for predicting the development of the disease and implementing relevant targeted therapy.

Effect of acetyl L-carnitine on human retinal pigment epithelium-19 cells in hypoxic conditions

AIM:To investigate the effect of acetyl-L-carnitine(ALCAR)on cell viability,morphological integrity,and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression in human retinal pigment epithelium(ARPE-19)cells using a hypoxic model.METHODS:In the first set of experiments,the optimal CoCl_(2) dose was determined by exposing ARPE-19 cell cultures to different concentrations.To evaluate the effect of ALCAR on cell viability,five groups of ARPE-19 cell culture were established that included a control group,a sham group(200μM CoCl_(2)),and groups that received 1,10 and 100 mM doses of ALCAR combined with 200μM CoCl_(2),respectively.The cell viability was measured by MTT assay.The morphological characteristics of cells were observed by an inverted phase contrast microscope.The levels of VEGF and HIF-1α secretion by ARPE-19 cells were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)assay.RESULTS:ARPE-19 cells were exposed to different doses of CoCl_(2) in order to create a hypoxia model.Nevertheless,when exposed to a concentration of 200μM CoCl_(2),a notable decrease in viability to 83% was noted.ALCAR was found to increase the cell viability at 1 mM and 10 mM concentrations,while the highest concentration(100 mM)did not have an added effect.The cell viability was found to be significantly higher in the groups treated with a concentration of 1 mM and 10 mM ALCAR compared to the Sham group(P=0.041,P=0.019,respectively).The cell viability and morphology remained unaffected by the greatest dose of ALCAR(100 mM).The administration of 10 mM ALCAR demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in the levels of VEGF and HIF-1α compared with the Sham group(P=0.013,P=0.033,respectively).CONCLUSION:The findings from the current study indicate that ALCAR could represent a viable therapeutic option with the potential to open up novel treatment pathways for retinal diseases,particular relevance for age-related macular degeneration(AMD).However,to fully elucidate ALCAR’s application potential in retinal diseases,additional investigation is necessary to clearly define the exact mechanisms involved.

酒精对股骨头局部微环境影响的机制研究进展

背景:酒精性股骨头坏死的发病机制目前尚不明确。目的:介绍股骨头微环境的生理结构和酒精致股骨头微环境的病理变化,综述酒精对股骨头微环境影响的研究现状。方法:应用计算机检索1990至2016年中国知网及PubMed数据库关于酒精对股骨头局部微环境影响的临床及实验文献报道,归纳综述酒精性股骨头坏死的病理过程。结果与结论:酒精性股骨头坏死的发病机制目前有多种学说,但其本质均为股骨头骨组织的血液循环障碍,骨的营养物质和氧供减少,骨组织、细胞长期缺氧而发生变性、坏死。大剂量酒精摄入可引起氧化-抗氧化系统失衡,严重影响股骨头局部血运环境。氧环境改变加速股骨头坏死,骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化能力减弱,骨吸收与骨形成的平衡遭到破坏,最终加剧股骨头的坏死与骨结构塌陷。通过调控股骨头微环境的改变有望为延缓或阻止早期股骨头坏死病变进程提供新的治疗策略。

血管内皮生长因子与微血管密度在良性前列腺增生中的表达

目的:探讨血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)与微血管密度(microvascular density,MVD)在良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)中的表达情况及其在BPH血管生成中的作用。方法:应用VEGF、MVD的免疫组化S-P染色法分析23例BPH中VEGF及MVD的表达情况。结果:中央区VEGF表达阳性率为54.35%,周边区VEGF表达阳性率为13.48%,二者差别有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);BPH中央区平均MVD值为(20.39±6.45),周边区平均MVD值为(7.45±4.34),二者差别有高度统计学意义(P<0.01);BPH中VEGF表达强度与MVD值之间呈正相关(r=0.8634,P<0.05)。结论:VEGF是促进BPH内血管生成的重要因素。

Temporal-spatial Changes in Inner Mongolian Grassland Degradation during Past Three Decades

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the temporal-spatial variation of Inner Mongolian grassland degradation during past three decades. [Method] The dis- tribution characteristics of grassland were described by land use types supervised classification with TM/ETM. Then, temporal-spatial changes of grassland coverage were quantified by the mean of maximum vegetation coverage in last 30 years. Lastly, the grassland degradation reasons were explored through statistic analysis between the grassland coverage and precipitation, temperature and grazing intensity. [Result] The grassland degradation index of Inner Mongolia was increased from 1.38 to 1.68, and the smallest was 1.28 in 2005s. Grassland degradation and improve- ment were concurrent after 1980s, but grassland degradation was the major change trend for Inner Mongolia grassland. The area of grassland degradation was enlarged from 18.08×10^4 km2 in 1980s to 22.47×10^4 km2 in 2010s on the whole and distribu- tion range was shifted from central-eastern to west in Inner Mongolia that mainly distributed on Hulun Buir and Xilin Gol grassland in 1980s and Ordos and Alax grassland in 2010s. The grassland area of degradation had a rising trend form 1980s to 1995s, then reduced to 10.8x104 km2 in 2005s, and decreased in 2010s, which mainly speared in the west of Xilin Gol grassland. [Conclusion] Inner Mongo-lian grassland degradation were become more seriously in last 30 years because that temperature, precipitation and graze intensities change, which not performance on decreasing coverage but grassland areas.

Application of Mitochondria DNA Hypervariable Region in Identification of Genetic Relationships among Different Varieties in Musa paradisiaca

[Objective] The aim was to establish an effective method for the identification of genetic relationships among different varieties in Musa paradisaca. [Method] Based on the diversity of mitochondria DNA intron sequence among different varieties of M. paradisaca,an intron of cytochrome oxidase subunit II gene in mitochondria DNA genome was amplified and sequenced. And then the cluster analysis was used to classify 16 varieties of M. paradisaca,which belonged to five genotypes （AAA,AA,AAB,ABB and BB）. [Result] The 16 varieties of M. paradisaca could be divided to three classes：the first class contained one variety,the genotype of which was BB; the second class contained seven varieties,the genotype of which was ABB; the third class contained eight varieties,the genotypes of which included AA,AAA,AAB and BB. The new varieties YiXian 1,2 and 3 showed the nearest relationship with FenZa. [Conclusion] The result of classification was consistent with the genotypes,thus verified the feasibility and effectiveness of the new method in the genetic relationship identification of M. paradisaca germplasm.

Reconstruction of HP Intein with Overlap-extension PCR

[Objective] This study aimed to reconstruct the HP intein by overlap-exten- sion PCR. [Method] Several primers were designed according to the principle of overlap-extension PCR that the repeat sequences were overlapped and served as the template to the other DNA strand in amplification. Then, several rounds of over- lap PCR reaction were conducted to mutate the four cysteines in the HP intein into serines, and introduce a linker sequence containing a tag for product detection and purification. [Result] DNA sequencing analysis proved that the four cysteines in the HP intein were successfully mutated into serines; the PCR precursor fragments were also rejoined into an intact HP gene fragment, without introducing any other unex- pected mutation; the DNA linker of 46 bp was successfully inserted into the de- signed HP gene sequences, without any mutation and base pair mismatch. [Conclu- sion] The HP intein was rapidly reconstructed by overlap-extension PCR in this study, which not only expands the application of overlap PCR in protein engineering, but also provides a simple, efficient and highly accurate tool for the reconstruction and modification of intein.

Effects of Brassinosteroid on Salinity Tolerance of Cotton

[Objective] In order to study the effects of brassinosteroid on salinity toler- ance of cotton. [Method] Three application modes （leaf application, root application and leaf/root application） of brassinosteroid for cotton under NaCI stress were de- signed to understand the effects of brassinosteroid on Na＋ and CI- accumulation, osmotic adjustment substance （proline） and biomass accumulation of cotton under NaCI stress. [Result] NaCI inhibited the growth of cotton seedlings. Compared with the control group, the biomass of cotton seedlings was decreased, Na＋ and CI- contents, MDA content and proline content were increased in cotton under NaCI stress. Under the NaCI stress, three application modes of brassinosteroid significant- ly improved the biomass, chlorophyll content in leaves, root activity and proline content; while Na~ and CI- content, MDA content were decreased. The enhancement of root activity and root physiological functions were more marked in root application and leaf/root application treatments than in leaf/root application treatment. [Conclu- sion] Three application modes of brassinosteroid all could alleviate the NaCI injuries on cotton, but root application and root/leaf application modes of brassinosteroid for cotton under NaCI stress are superior to the leaf application.

Cloning and Expression Patterns of a Metallothionein-like GenehtMT2 of Helianthus tuberosus

A novel cDNA sequencehtMT2, which encodes a type 2 metallothionein_like protein, was isolated from Helianthus tuberosus L. tuber cDNA library. The whole sequence is 509 bp, including an open reading frame (ORF) of 240 bp, a 5′ UTR of 62 bp and a 3′ UTR of 207 bp. Two genomic sequences covering the coding region ofhtMT2were cloned by PCR reaction. Sequence analysis revealed that the genomic sequences htMTG_1 of 986 bp and htMTG_2 of 982 bp were both composed of three exons and two introns. The deduced protein consisted of 79 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 7.8 ku (kD). Amino_terminal and carboxy_terminal domains contained 8 and 7 cysteine residues respectively, separated by a central cysteine free spacer. Sequence alignment revealed that the predicted protein ofhtMT2 was homologous to type 2 metallothioneins (MTs) of plants. Southern blotting analysis indicated that htMT2was encoded by a small multi_gene family in H. tuberosus genome. Northern blotting analysis showed that htMT2 transcripts were detected in stems, leaves and leafstalks, but no transcripts were detected in roots. The expression level in stems was the highest among the above tissues. Transcripts in stems were significantly reduced by Cu 2+ treatment. Judging from the homologies between the deduced HtMT2 and other type 2 plant metallothioneins as well as responses to metal ions, we believe thatwere cloned by PCR reaction. Sequence analysis revealed that the genomic sequences htMTG_1 of 986 bp and htMTG_2 of 982 bp were both composed of three exons and two introns. The deduced protein consisted of 79 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 7.8 ku (kD). Amino_terminal and carboxy_terminal domains contained 8 and 7 cysteine residues respectively, separated by a central cysteine free spacer. Sequence alignment revealed that the predicted protein ofhtMT2 was homologous to type 2 metallothioneins (MTs) of plants. Southern blotting analysis indicated that htMT2was encoded by a small multi_gene family in H. tuberosus genome. Northern blotting analysis showed that htMT2 transcripts were detected in stems, leaves and leafstalks, but no transcripts were detected in roots. The expression level in stems was the highest among the above tissues. Transcripts in stems were significantly reduced by Cu 2+ treatment. Judging from the homologies between the deduced HtMT2 and other type 2 plant metallothioneins as well as responses to metal ions, we believe that[ShtMT2 encodes a new type 2 metallothionein.

Sequence Analysis of Polymorphic Fragments in the Third Intron of Porcine H-FABP Gene

[ Objective] The aim of this study was to provide a theoretical basis for exploring the major genes affecting intramuscular fat （IMF） deposition. [Method] Taking 383 pigs from five breeds including Mashen Pig, Large White Pig, Landrace, Duroc and Shanxi White Pig as the experimental animals, polymorphisms of partial fragments in the third intron of porcine H-FABP gene were detected by PCR-SSCP method, and then the polymorphic fragments were sequenced. [ Result] Two alleles, designated as A and B, were found at the locus 346 in the third intron of porcine H-FABP gene, and the mutation was caused by a A→G substitution. [ Conclusion] A polymorphic locus was discovered in the third intron of porcine H-FABP gene in this experiment, laying a foundation for the further study on the relationship between H-FABP gene and IMF content.

Phylogenetic Relationship of an Extremely Endangered Species, Pinus squamata (Pinaceae) Inferred from Four Sequences of the Chloroplast Genome and ITS of the Nuclear Ribosomal DNA

Pinus squamata X. W. Li, a recently-described species of the Pinaceae, is an extremely endangered pine with only 32 individuals in the wild. This species was thought to be intermediate between P. bungeana Zuec. ex Endl. of subgen. Strobus and P. yunnanensis Franch. of subgen. Pinus by the original author. We made an effort to address the question of the phylogenetic relationship of this peculiar and important species in the context of the major groups of the genus Pinus by using sequences of the rbcL, matK,genes, rpl20-rps18 spacer, trnV intron of the chloroplast genome and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region. The results of the separated analysis and the combined analysis of the four cpDNA sequences and ITS sequence indicated that P. squamata was a stable member of subsect. Gerardianae and P. gerardiana Wall. was the closest species of P. squamata phylogenetically. As a result, the causes of the distribution pattern of subsect. Gerardianae were also discussed.