In the global information era,people acquire more and more information from the Internet,but the quality of the search results is degraded strongly because of the presence of web spam.Web spam is one of the serious pr...In the global information era,people acquire more and more information from the Internet,but the quality of the search results is degraded strongly because of the presence of web spam.Web spam is one of the serious problems for search engines,and many methods have been proposed for spam detection.We exploit the content features of non-spam in contrast to those of spam.The content features for non-spam pages always possess lots of statistical regularities; but those for spam pages possess very few statistical regularities,because spam pages are made randomly in order to increase the page rank.In this paper,we summarize the regularities distributions of content features for non-spam pages,and propose the calculating probability formulae of the entropy and independent n-grams respectively.Furthermore,we put forward the calculation formulae of multi features correlation.Among them,the notable content features may be used as auxiliary information for spam detection.展开更多
Sustainability practice and reporting is gaining momentum due to the concerns and pressures arising from the Global Climate Change （GCC）, limitation of resources, changed stakeholder preferences and expectations. Ac...Sustainability practice and reporting is gaining momentum due to the concerns and pressures arising from the Global Climate Change （GCC）, limitation of resources, changed stakeholder preferences and expectations. Accounting degrees convey traditional, technical and narrowly defined knowledge with limited scope for non conventional approaches. Sustainability accounting education has the potential to allow departure from the conventional thinking and practice in accounting education. Sustainability educated graduates are being increasingly expected by business and industry as sustainability education allows the fostering of ＂soft skills＂ that conventional accounting courses do not address. In spite of these potentials and needs for sustainability accounting education, less than a quarter of Australian and United States accounting faculties are offering a stand alone sustainability accounting course. There is a degree of uniformity in relation to course content with majority of focus on internal and external sustainability reporting. Other areas such as sustainability history in the context of accounting are not included in the courses. Sustainability is a complex area that needs more serious attention in accounting schools in order to match graduate attributes with the increasing industry demands.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.61170145,61373081)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20113704110001)+1 种基金the Technology and Development Project of Shandong(No.2013GGX10125)the Taishan Scholar Project of Shandong,China
文摘In the global information era,people acquire more and more information from the Internet,but the quality of the search results is degraded strongly because of the presence of web spam.Web spam is one of the serious problems for search engines,and many methods have been proposed for spam detection.We exploit the content features of non-spam in contrast to those of spam.The content features for non-spam pages always possess lots of statistical regularities; but those for spam pages possess very few statistical regularities,because spam pages are made randomly in order to increase the page rank.In this paper,we summarize the regularities distributions of content features for non-spam pages,and propose the calculating probability formulae of the entropy and independent n-grams respectively.Furthermore,we put forward the calculation formulae of multi features correlation.Among them,the notable content features may be used as auxiliary information for spam detection.
文摘Sustainability practice and reporting is gaining momentum due to the concerns and pressures arising from the Global Climate Change （GCC）, limitation of resources, changed stakeholder preferences and expectations. Accounting degrees convey traditional, technical and narrowly defined knowledge with limited scope for non conventional approaches. Sustainability accounting education has the potential to allow departure from the conventional thinking and practice in accounting education. Sustainability educated graduates are being increasingly expected by business and industry as sustainability education allows the fostering of ＂soft skills＂ that conventional accounting courses do not address. In spite of these potentials and needs for sustainability accounting education, less than a quarter of Australian and United States accounting faculties are offering a stand alone sustainability accounting course. There is a degree of uniformity in relation to course content with majority of focus on internal and external sustainability reporting. Other areas such as sustainability history in the context of accounting are not included in the courses. Sustainability is a complex area that needs more serious attention in accounting schools in order to match graduate attributes with the increasing industry demands.
