Aim To improve the stability and optimize the tissue distribution of Evans blue liposome in rats, some surfactants such as DSPE-PEG, Tween80, and Brij35 were used to modify the Evans blue liposome. Methods The Evans b...Aim To improve the stability and optimize the tissue distribution of Evans blue liposome in rats, some surfactants such as DSPE-PEG, Tween80, and Brij35 were used to modify the Evans blue liposome. Methods The Evans blue liposome was prepared by the reverse-phase-evaporation method. The effect of cholesterol on the encapsulation percentage of Evans blue was studied. The effects of DSPE-PEG, Tween80, and Brij35 on the encapsulation percentage and tissue distribution of Evans blue liposome in the rat were determined. Results The top encapsulation percentage of Evans blue liposome is 25.30%. After modification by DSPE-PEG, Tween80, and Brij35, the encapsulation percentages decreased slightly, but not significantly. After modification, the Evans blue concentrations deceased in the liver, spleen, lung and kidney, but increased in the brain, especially in the EB-L-Tween80 group. Conclusion DSPE-PEG, Tween80, and Brij35 have slight effect on the encapsulation percentage of Evans blue liposome. The effect of Brij35 on the distribution of Evans blue liposome is similar to that of DSPE-PEG because they both is prevent the reticuloendothelial system (RES) from clearing liposome. The Evans blue concentration in the brain is greatly improved when Tween80 is used to modify the EB liposome, which is good information for preparing liposome targeting the brain.展开更多
The semi-arid grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China have been degraded by long-term grazing. A series of ecological restoration strategies have been implemented to improve grassland service. However, little is known abo...The semi-arid grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China have been degraded by long-term grazing. A series of ecological restoration strategies have been implemented to improve grassland service. However, little is known about the effect of these ecological restoration practices on soil carbon and nitrogen storage. In this study, characteristics of vegetation and soil properties under continued grazing and exclusion of livestock for six years due to a nationwide conservation program—′Returning Grazing Lands to Grasslands(RGLG)′ were examined in semi-arid Hulun Buir grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. The results show that removal of grazing for six years resulted in a significant recovery in vegetation with higher above and below-ground biomass, but a lower soil bulk density and pH value. After six years of grazing exclusion, soil organic C and total N storage increased by 13.9% and 17.1%, respectively, which could be partly explained by decreased loss and increased input of C and N to soil. The effects of grazing exclusion on soil C and N concentration and storage primarily occurred in the upper soil depths. The results indicate that removal of grazing pressure within the RGLG program was an effective restoration approach to control grassland degradation in this region. However, more comprehensive studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the RGLG program and to improve the management strategies for grassland restoration in this area.展开更多
A hierarchical retrieval scheme of the accessory image database is proposed based on textile industrial accessory contour feature and region feature. At first smallest enclosed rectangle[1] feature (degree of accessor...A hierarchical retrieval scheme of the accessory image database is proposed based on textile industrial accessory contour feature and region feature. At first smallest enclosed rectangle[1] feature (degree of accessory coordination) is used to filter the image database to decouple the image search scope. After the accessory contour information and region information are extracted, the fusion multi-feature of the centroid distance Fourier descriptor and distance distribution histogram is adopted to finish image retrieval accurately. All the features above are invariable under translation, scaling and rotation. Results from the test on the image database including 1,000 accessory images demonstrate that the method is effective and practical with high accuracy and fast speed.展开更多
AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of fibrin sealant for closure of mucosal penetration at the cardia during peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM).METHODS Twenty-four patients who underwent POEM and experienced mucosal ...AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of fibrin sealant for closure of mucosal penetration at the cardia during peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM).METHODS Twenty-four patients who underwent POEM and experienced mucosal injury of the cardia during the procedure were retrospectively identified. Of the 24 patients, 21 had mucosal penetration and 3 had only slight mucosal damage without penetration. The 21 patients with mucosal penetration received fibrin sealant for closure at the site of penetration. Penetration-related characteristics, treatment, and recovery were reviewed for all 21 patients to assess the efficacy and safety of fibrin sealant for closure of mucosal penetration at the cardia. Clinical data, including general characteristics, procedure-related parameters, Eckardt scores, lower esophageal sphincter pressures (LESP), and esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD) results, were analyzed to determine their influence on treatment success after mucosal penetration during POEM.RESULTS All 21 patients had a solitary mucosal penetration in the cardia (12 in esophageal region of the cardia, 9 in the stomach region of the cardia, and 1 in both the esophageal and stomach regions). Twelve had ahole-like penetration and 9 had a linear penetration. For those with a hole-like penetration, the mean size was 0.14 cm2 (0.02-0.32 cm2). For those with a linear penetration, the median size was 0.37 cm (0.10-1.00 cm). Closure of the mucosal penetration using fibrin sealant was performed successfully in all 21 patients(two patients required 5 m L fibrin sealant, and the remaining 19 patients required 2.5 mL). Two patients had a nasogastric tube placed for five days after POEM; the remaining 19 patients were kept fasting for 3 d. All 21 patients were discharged after a median of 5 d(range: 5-7 d) postoperatively. During a median 42 mo (range: 9-62 mo) follow-up, all 21 patients with a mucosal penetration successfully healed without the occurrence of infection, ulcer, or esophagitis. Furthermore, the median LESP decreased from 31.9 mm Hg (range: 21.9-67.1 mm Hg) preoperatively to 20.3 mm Hg (range: 6.0-41.0 mm Hg) postoperatively(P < 0.05). The median preoperative and postoperative Eckardt scores were 5.0(range; 4-10) and 1.0(range: 0-4), respectively (P < 0.05). Of the 21 patients with mucosal penetration, symptom remission, which is defined as a postoperative Eckardt score ≤ 3, was achieved in 20 patients(95.2%) indicating that mucosal penetration did not influence the success of POEM treatment if closed successfully using fibrin sealant.CONCLUSION Fibrin sealant is safe and effective for closure of mucosal penetration during POEM. Mucosal penetrations do not appear to influence the treatment success of POEM if closed successfully using fibrin sealant. Additional studies regarding the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of fibrin sealant for closure of larger mucosal penetrations is warranted.展开更多
The issue of weathertightness of the external building envelope in domestic scaled timber frames continues to be an issue in New Zealand, some ten years after the results of a major cladding survey into the durability...The issue of weathertightness of the external building envelope in domestic scaled timber frames continues to be an issue in New Zealand, some ten years after the results of a major cladding survey into the durability and weathertightness of the exterior cladding envelope carried out by the writer in the year 2000. The fallout from leaking buildings has estimated to have cost the country billions of dollars in lost production and expensive repair. The social impact on those caught up in the leaking home issue has been considerable; with often heart rending tales of stress and financial hardship. This paper will explore the initiatives taken by the building industry and the government since the issue became a major public concern. It will examine the influences, both positive and negative, that resulting legislation and changed building practices, brought in as a result of this crisis, have had on the sustainability and affordability of the domestic dwelling in New Zealand.展开更多
The mositure content inside the hermetic package of semiconductor device has been quantitatively measured by using in-site sensor technique and computer-aided-test system.The principle and apparatus for measurement ar...The mositure content inside the hermetic package of semiconductor device has been quantitatively measured by using in-site sensor technique and computer-aided-test system.The principle and apparatus for measurement are introduced.The results show good repeatability and consistency.This technology can be used as a standard test for controlling the moisture content within semiconductor device package.展开更多
The global burden caused by dengue has increased dramatically in recent decades. Dengue Fever and its severe clinical manifestation, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome, have become international public...The global burden caused by dengue has increased dramatically in recent decades. Dengue Fever and its severe clinical manifestation, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome, have become international public health problem endemic in more than 100 countries, risking 2.5 to 3 billion world populations in tropical and subtropical region. Envelope （E） protein of dengue virus has been proposed as the most important antigen that enables it as vaccine candidate or diagnostic materials. Recombinant protein E production is desirable for dengue vaccine and diagnostic development, especially in Indonesia, where dengue is epidemic. Cloning E gene in an expression vector is essential as an initial method to produce dengue E antigens. The purpose of this research was to clone E gene of dengue virus type 3 （Indonesia D3-1703 strain） into Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression vector pYES2/CT. The cloning method used was the in vitro ligation protocol. First, the cDNA from dengue virus type 3 strain （D3-1703） was generated. Then the polymerase chain reaction （PCR） amplification product of E gene cassette from this cDNA was obtained. The E gene cassette was ligated into linearized pYES2/CT resulting a recombinant vector named pYES2/CT-E. The cloned E gene was verified by restriction enzyme digestion and PCR. Sequencing analysis at its 5＇ end showed that the E gene was inserted at the right open reading frame. In conclusion, the results showed that for the first time the E gene originated from an Indonesian dengue virus type 3 strain was successfully cloned within the yeast expression vector pYES2/CT. In the future, this clone could be expressed and provided as materials for dengue vaccine and diagnostic kit, specific for Indonesian dengue virus strain.展开更多
文摘Aim To improve the stability and optimize the tissue distribution of Evans blue liposome in rats, some surfactants such as DSPE-PEG, Tween80, and Brij35 were used to modify the Evans blue liposome. Methods The Evans blue liposome was prepared by the reverse-phase-evaporation method. The effect of cholesterol on the encapsulation percentage of Evans blue was studied. The effects of DSPE-PEG, Tween80, and Brij35 on the encapsulation percentage and tissue distribution of Evans blue liposome in the rat were determined. Results The top encapsulation percentage of Evans blue liposome is 25.30%. After modification by DSPE-PEG, Tween80, and Brij35, the encapsulation percentages decreased slightly, but not significantly. After modification, the Evans blue concentrations deceased in the liver, spleen, lung and kidney, but increased in the brain, especially in the EB-L-Tween80 group. Conclusion DSPE-PEG, Tween80, and Brij35 have slight effect on the encapsulation percentage of Evans blue liposome. The effect of Brij35 on the distribution of Evans blue liposome is similar to that of DSPE-PEG because they both is prevent the reticuloendothelial system (RES) from clearing liposome. The Evans blue concentration in the brain is greatly improved when Tween80 is used to modify the EB liposome, which is good information for preparing liposome targeting the brain.
基金Under the auspices of Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA05060103)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41105117)State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology(No.LFSE2013-06)
文摘The semi-arid grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China have been degraded by long-term grazing. A series of ecological restoration strategies have been implemented to improve grassland service. However, little is known about the effect of these ecological restoration practices on soil carbon and nitrogen storage. In this study, characteristics of vegetation and soil properties under continued grazing and exclusion of livestock for six years due to a nationwide conservation program—′Returning Grazing Lands to Grasslands(RGLG)′ were examined in semi-arid Hulun Buir grassland in Inner Mongolia, China. The results show that removal of grazing for six years resulted in a significant recovery in vegetation with higher above and below-ground biomass, but a lower soil bulk density and pH value. After six years of grazing exclusion, soil organic C and total N storage increased by 13.9% and 17.1%, respectively, which could be partly explained by decreased loss and increased input of C and N to soil. The effects of grazing exclusion on soil C and N concentration and storage primarily occurred in the upper soil depths. The results indicate that removal of grazing pressure within the RGLG program was an effective restoration approach to control grassland degradation in this region. However, more comprehensive studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of the RGLG program and to improve the management strategies for grassland restoration in this area.
文摘A hierarchical retrieval scheme of the accessory image database is proposed based on textile industrial accessory contour feature and region feature. At first smallest enclosed rectangle[1] feature (degree of accessory coordination) is used to filter the image database to decouple the image search scope. After the accessory contour information and region information are extracted, the fusion multi-feature of the centroid distance Fourier descriptor and distance distribution histogram is adopted to finish image retrieval accurately. All the features above are invariable under translation, scaling and rotation. Results from the test on the image database including 1,000 accessory images demonstrate that the method is effective and practical with high accuracy and fast speed.
文摘AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of fibrin sealant for closure of mucosal penetration at the cardia during peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM).METHODS Twenty-four patients who underwent POEM and experienced mucosal injury of the cardia during the procedure were retrospectively identified. Of the 24 patients, 21 had mucosal penetration and 3 had only slight mucosal damage without penetration. The 21 patients with mucosal penetration received fibrin sealant for closure at the site of penetration. Penetration-related characteristics, treatment, and recovery were reviewed for all 21 patients to assess the efficacy and safety of fibrin sealant for closure of mucosal penetration at the cardia. Clinical data, including general characteristics, procedure-related parameters, Eckardt scores, lower esophageal sphincter pressures (LESP), and esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD) results, were analyzed to determine their influence on treatment success after mucosal penetration during POEM.RESULTS All 21 patients had a solitary mucosal penetration in the cardia (12 in esophageal region of the cardia, 9 in the stomach region of the cardia, and 1 in both the esophageal and stomach regions). Twelve had ahole-like penetration and 9 had a linear penetration. For those with a hole-like penetration, the mean size was 0.14 cm2 (0.02-0.32 cm2). For those with a linear penetration, the median size was 0.37 cm (0.10-1.00 cm). Closure of the mucosal penetration using fibrin sealant was performed successfully in all 21 patients(two patients required 5 m L fibrin sealant, and the remaining 19 patients required 2.5 mL). Two patients had a nasogastric tube placed for five days after POEM; the remaining 19 patients were kept fasting for 3 d. All 21 patients were discharged after a median of 5 d(range: 5-7 d) postoperatively. During a median 42 mo (range: 9-62 mo) follow-up, all 21 patients with a mucosal penetration successfully healed without the occurrence of infection, ulcer, or esophagitis. Furthermore, the median LESP decreased from 31.9 mm Hg (range: 21.9-67.1 mm Hg) preoperatively to 20.3 mm Hg (range: 6.0-41.0 mm Hg) postoperatively(P < 0.05). The median preoperative and postoperative Eckardt scores were 5.0(range; 4-10) and 1.0(range: 0-4), respectively (P < 0.05). Of the 21 patients with mucosal penetration, symptom remission, which is defined as a postoperative Eckardt score ≤ 3, was achieved in 20 patients(95.2%) indicating that mucosal penetration did not influence the success of POEM treatment if closed successfully using fibrin sealant.CONCLUSION Fibrin sealant is safe and effective for closure of mucosal penetration during POEM. Mucosal penetrations do not appear to influence the treatment success of POEM if closed successfully using fibrin sealant. Additional studies regarding the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of fibrin sealant for closure of larger mucosal penetrations is warranted.
文摘The issue of weathertightness of the external building envelope in domestic scaled timber frames continues to be an issue in New Zealand, some ten years after the results of a major cladding survey into the durability and weathertightness of the exterior cladding envelope carried out by the writer in the year 2000. The fallout from leaking buildings has estimated to have cost the country billions of dollars in lost production and expensive repair. The social impact on those caught up in the leaking home issue has been considerable; with often heart rending tales of stress and financial hardship. This paper will explore the initiatives taken by the building industry and the government since the issue became a major public concern. It will examine the influences, both positive and negative, that resulting legislation and changed building practices, brought in as a result of this crisis, have had on the sustainability and affordability of the domestic dwelling in New Zealand.
文摘The mositure content inside the hermetic package of semiconductor device has been quantitatively measured by using in-site sensor technique and computer-aided-test system.The principle and apparatus for measurement are introduced.The results show good repeatability and consistency.This technology can be used as a standard test for controlling the moisture content within semiconductor device package.
文摘The global burden caused by dengue has increased dramatically in recent decades. Dengue Fever and its severe clinical manifestation, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome, have become international public health problem endemic in more than 100 countries, risking 2.5 to 3 billion world populations in tropical and subtropical region. Envelope （E） protein of dengue virus has been proposed as the most important antigen that enables it as vaccine candidate or diagnostic materials. Recombinant protein E production is desirable for dengue vaccine and diagnostic development, especially in Indonesia, where dengue is epidemic. Cloning E gene in an expression vector is essential as an initial method to produce dengue E antigens. The purpose of this research was to clone E gene of dengue virus type 3 （Indonesia D3-1703 strain） into Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression vector pYES2/CT. The cloning method used was the in vitro ligation protocol. First, the cDNA from dengue virus type 3 strain （D3-1703） was generated. Then the polymerase chain reaction （PCR） amplification product of E gene cassette from this cDNA was obtained. The E gene cassette was ligated into linearized pYES2/CT resulting a recombinant vector named pYES2/CT-E. The cloned E gene was verified by restriction enzyme digestion and PCR. Sequencing analysis at its 5＇ end showed that the E gene was inserted at the right open reading frame. In conclusion, the results showed that for the first time the E gene originated from an Indonesian dengue virus type 3 strain was successfully cloned within the yeast expression vector pYES2/CT. In the future, this clone could be expressed and provided as materials for dengue vaccine and diagnostic kit, specific for Indonesian dengue virus strain.
