美洲大蠊对小鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的药理作用研究

目的:探讨美洲大蠊药材对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的药理作用,为美洲大蠊的工业化生产及临床安全提供理论依据。方法:KM小鼠按体质量随机分为6组:空白组、模型组、阳性组及美洲大蠊药材高、中、低剂量组,其中阳性组按100 mg·kg-1灌胃给予硫普罗宁,药材高、中、低剂量组分别按6.667、3.333、1.667g·kg-1剂量连续10天灌胃给予药材全粉,第10天给药后3 h,除空白组灌胃等体积水,其余各组灌胃14mL·kg-1的56°红星二锅头。禁食不禁水12 h,眼眶取血,测定血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(GGT)活性。剖取肝脏,测定肝重系数,同时观察肝脏病理组织变化。结果:与空白组比较,模型组血清ALT、AST活性显著升高(P<0.01),GGT活性明显升高(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,高、中剂量组GGT、AST活性明显升高(P<0.05),ALT活性显著升高(P<0.01),高、中、低剂量组小鼠肝脏病理均有严重损伤。结论:美洲大蠊药材全粉对酒精性肝损伤有一定的毒副作用。

Metformin prevents hormonal and metabolic disturbances and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in non-diabetic rats

Effects of two doses of the anti-diabetic drug, metformin （MF）, on hormonal and metabolic levels of serum of non-diabetic male Wistar rats with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine （DMH）-induced colon tumor adenocarcinomas were studied. Carcinogenesis in the animals was also observed. Rats with DMH-induced colon adenocarcinomas had elevated levels of serum glucose, insulin, insulin- like growth factor-l, total cholesterol, triglycerides, catalase, malonic dialdehyde, glycated hemoglobin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase and decreased hemoglobin. Treatment with two doses of MF normalized maiority of these changes in DMH-treated rats, whereas the drug was ineffective in rats without DMH treatment. The only exception was the decreased triglyceride levels in MF-treated rats. A 100 mg/kg dose of MF increased DMH-induced exophytic colon carcinomas and decreased endophytic tumors compared with untreated rats. Moreover, both MF doses increased DMH-induced and highly differentiated tumors and decreased the invasiveness of colon carcinomas compared with rats provided with DMH and water. Therefore, effects of MF on metabolic homeostasis are critical for preventing colon cancer.