内水体鱼量测定法

在经常变化的外因里，其中包括人类起源的因素的环境里，有必要更精确地了解鱼的贮存量。在此基础上，计算出经营用量和确定采取旨在提高水体鱼产量的必要措施。

Pollution of Environmental Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals(EDCs) in Water and Its Adverse Reproductive Effect on Fish

Environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals （EDCs）, commonly found in the environment, come from industry and agriculture, including pesticides, fungicides, insecticides, herbicides, and other chemicals. Nowadays, more and more EDCs were released into the environment. EDCs go into water body via atmosphere sedi-mentation, surface runoff, soil eluviation, etc., so water body becomes the main place for existing. In order to attract scientific and public attention worldwide and to prevent EDCs pol ution, in this study we reviewed the classification of EDCs and their concentrations in natural water bodies, drinking water sources and water plants, and the reproductive toxicity of EDCs to fish were reviewed. EDCs could disturb the endocrine system and make reproductive organs and reproduction abnor-mal, resulting in fertility descending, reproduction function damage, community quan-tity decrease and even species extinction. In addition, EDCs could disrupt the homeostasis maintained by hormones, which would result in defects of neural de-velopment and abnormalities of the endocrine and reproductive systems. The exact molecular mechanisms have not been completely reported, but researches have suggested that multiple mechanisms were involved in the action of EDCs. Although there have been researches on the biohazard of EDCs, there stil exist problems of weakness in fundamental researches, difficulties in recognizing and identifying EDCs and high cost, which restraint the knowledge on them.

CHARACTERISTICS OF QUASI-PERIODIC OSCILLATIONS DURING SEA FOG EVENTS

Based on the high-resolution datasets collected in a sea fog field experiment at the northern coast of South China Sea,the variations of liquid water content (LWC) and net longwave radiation flux (NLRF) during two sea fog events on 16th-17th and 18th-19th March,2008 are exaimeed by wavelet analysis,and the cooling mechanisms for fog formation and persistence are also investigated.The main results are shown as follows.(1) Sea fog may develop and persist whether it is cloudy or not aloft.However,when there is cloud aloft the LWC is less and wind speed in sea fog is higher than that in the clear sky.(2) The quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) of NLRF are observed in the formation stage of the two fogs.QPOs of LWC are only found in the developing stage no matter with cloudless or cloudy condition.(3) It is likely that sea fog forms by the cooling effects of longwave radiation and develops through the vertical mixing induced by the radiative cooling at the upper level.(4) During sea fog development and persistence,other mechanisms could also play important roles in fog-layer cooling,such as turbulent heat transport and radiation transport between air-sea interfaces.

EVOLUTION OF LIQUID WATER CONTENT IN A SEA FOG CONTROLLED BY A HIGH-PRESSURE PATTERN

On March 16–17, 2008, a sea fog occurred in Dianbai in the west of Guangdong Province and was accompanied by a high-pressure synoptic system. Using comprehensive observation datasets, this study analyzes the evolution of liquid water content during this sea fog and investigates the relationships between liquid water content and the average diameters and count densities of fog droplets, air temperature, wind speed and turbulence exchanges. The main results are presented as follows. (1) The sea fog showed a quasi-periodic oscillation characteristic, i.e., it developed, disappeared and then developed again. (2) During the sea fog, the number of fog droplets changed significantly while the changes in average diameter of the fog droplets were relatively small. The development and disappearance of the sea fog correlated significantly with the fog droplet numbers. (3) The air-cooling mechanism played a significant role in sea fog formation and development. However, the influences of this mechanism were not evident during fog persistence. (4) During sea fog formation, weak turbulence exchanges were helpful for fog formation. During sea fog development and persistence, liquid water content increased when turbulence exchanges weakened, and vice versa. The changes in turbulence exchanges were closely related to the quasi-periodic oscillations observed in sea fog presence.

Managing Water Quality in Huntsman Lake （Virginia, USA）reDevelopment and Implementation of Restoration Strategies

Huntsman Lake is located within the Middle Run of the Pohick Creek watershed, which is itself located within the much larger Chesapeake Bay watershed. Data collected from both the water column and the lake＇s sediments indicate that phosphorus-rich bottom sediments are an important internal loading source, and these internal phosphorus loads would continue to adversely impact water quality until and unless sediments are removed or inactivated. The implementation of artificial circulation was anticipated to be able to increase the sequestration of phosphorus within better oxygenated bottom sediments, and was the first lake management strategy deployed in Huntsman Lake. In the first two years after the installation of a whole-lake circulation system, the lake＇s waters are no longer stratified, and the bottom waters are no longer hypoxic and/or anoxic. While there is no evidence of a subsequent reduction in concentrations of nitrogen or chlorophyll-a, average phosphorus concentrations have decreased. However, high variability in the phosphorus data decreases our confidence that this is a sustained improvement. These results are consistent with prior findings, including those from downstream systems, that the reversal of the symptoms of eutrophication can involve lag-periods up to several years, if they are successful at all.

Effect of implanting fibrin sealant with ropivacaine on pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

AIM:To investigate the safety and efficacy of implant-ing fibrin sealant with sustained-release ropivacaine in the gallbladder bed for pain after laparoscopic chole-cystectomy(LC).METHODS:Sixty patients(American Society of Anes-thesiologists physical status wasⅠorⅡand underwent LC)were randomly divided into three equal groups:group A(implantation of fibrin sealant in the gallbladder bed),group B(implantation of fibrin sealant carrying ropivacaine in the gallbladder bed),and group C(normal saline in the gallbladder bed).Postoperative pain was evaluated,and pain relief was assessed by visual analog scale(VAS)scoring.RESULTS:The findings showed that 81.7%of patients had visceral pain,50%experienced parietal,and 26.7% reported shoulder pain after LC.Visceral pain was significantly less in group B patients than in the other groups(P<0.05),and only one patient in this group experienced shoulder pain.The mean VAS score in group B patients was lower than that in the other groups.CONCLUSION:Visceral pain is prominent after LC and can be effectively controlled by implanting fibrin sealant combined with ropivacaine in the gallbladder bed.

Emerging role of microRNAs in liver diseases

MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that are found in plants, animals, and some viruses. They modulate the gene function at the post-transcriptional level and act as a fine tuner of various processes, such as development, proliferation, cell signaling, and apopto-sis. They are associated with different types and stages of cancer. Recent studies have shown the involvement of microRNAs in liver diseases caused by various factors, such as Hepatitis C, Hepatitis B, metabolic disorders, and by drug abuse. This review highlights the role of microRNAs in liver diseases and their potential use as therapeutic molecules.

Sequence palaeogeography and coal accumulation of inland faulting basin： an example from late Triassic Yangtze platform of China

To unveil formation mechanism of key sequence boundaries of inland faulting basin and coal accumulation charac- teristics of coal seams in isochrohal stratigraphic framework, sequence stratigraphy, palaeogeographic recovery and other methods were used to research the sequence stratigraphy and coal accumulation in the example of Banding Basn in the west margin of Yangtze Platform, and the authors advanced a coal accumulation model of Faulting basin on the basis of accommo- dation space changes in the background of palaeogeography of sequence framework. The results show that： normal lacustrine regression and forced lacustrine regression are the main driving forces for the formation of sequence boundaries of Faulting ba- sin; basement subsidence is the main source of accommodation space of Faulting basin; and subsidence disequilibrium is the main cause for the difference in generation rate of accommodation space of Faulting basin. Coal accumulation in Faulting basin is obviously controlled by accommodation space changes in sequence framework and basin evolution. As Faulting basin evolves into depression basin, both subsidence rate of basin basement and generation rate of accommodation space decrease vertically, it appears as a progradational reverse-graded sedimentary sequence, coal accumulation in secondary sequence framework intensifies first and then weakens, and coal accumulation at the middle stage of highstand system tract is the best. During steady rifting period, minable coal seams were mostly developed in initial lacustrine flooding surface of fourth-order sequence and at the middle-late period of highstand system tract, and coal accumulation center lay in palaeogeographic unit of delta plain with moderate available accommodation space. During shrinking period, minable coal seams gradually migrated to the maximum lacustrine flooding surface and coal accumulation center lay in palaeographical unit of lacustrine with large available accommodation space.

Bioaccumulation of Mercury in Fish Species from Different Trophic Level

Mercury （Hg） is an environmental pollutant, and can bioaccumulate and biomagnify in the food web. Twenty four fish samples of different tropic level i.e., Herbivore, Omnivore and Carnivore were collected from two contaminated rivers, the Megna and the Buriganga which surround the Dhaka division for the assessment of toxic Hg. Fourteen samples were found to contain Hg in the range of 0.01-0.09 mg/kg. The highest Hg （0.09 mg/kg） was found in the Carnivore, Bele （Glossogobius giuris）. However, all fish species had lower amount of Hg than the maximum Hg limit （0.5 mg/kg for fish） set by World Health Organization （WHO）. Among all the fish species, the order of bioaccumulation was carnivore 〉 omnivore 〉 herbivore. Kajoli （Ailia coila）, Shing （Heteropnuestes fossilis）, Rui （Labeo rohita）, Chewa （Tryauchen vagine）, Rita （Rita rita）, Hilsha （Tenualosa ilisha）, Small Puti （Puntius sophore）, Bacha （Eutropiichthys vacha） and Chingri （smallprawn） were not found to contain any Hg which indicated that fish species from these rivers are safe for human consumption.

In vivo Anticancer Activities of Benzophenone Semicarbazone against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells in Swiss Albino Mice

Objective Benzophenone semicarbazone(BSC) was synthesized and characterized to identify compounds with anticancer activities. Methods Anticancer activities were studied against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma(EAC) cells in Swiss albino mice by monitoring parameters such as tumor weight measurement,survival time of tumor bearing mice,tumor cell growth inhibition,and so on.Some hematological parameters,such as red blood cells,white blood cells,and hemoglobin content,were also measured. Results The results showed that BSC has a positive effect against EAC cells.An assessment was conducted by comparing these results with those obtained using the standard drug bleomycin. Conclusions The BSC compound can be considered as a potent anticancer agent.

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE INTERLEUKIN 1 LEVELS IN AQUEOUS HUMOR AFTER TRANSSCLERAL FIXATION OF INTRAOCULAR LENSES

Purpose. To study the interleukin 1 (IL-1)levels in aqueous humor after transscleral fixation of in- traocular lenses (IOLs) implantation in rabbits and discuss the effect of IL-1 on postoperative anterior ocular inflammation. Methods. Twenty-seven pigmented rabbits were divided into three groups: GI, transscleral fixation of posterior chamber (PC) IOLs implantation; G2, Lens of rabbits were removed without IOLs implanta- tion; G3, the control group, without surgical intervention. On the 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th postoperative days, aqueous humor samples were obtained. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colormetry was used to detected for the presence of IL-1. The data were analyzed by using analysis of variance of SAS soft ware. Results’ It was found that IL-1 level in aqueous humor was increased after transscleral fixation of I- OLs implantation, IL-1 level reached its maximum on the 14th postoperative days in the IOL implanted group. IL-1 levels on 1st, 3rd, 7th and 14th days postoperatively was significantly higher (P<0. 05) in I- OLs implanted group than that of only extracapsular lenses extraction but no IOLs implantation group and that of the none surgical intervention group. COnclusions.IL-1 levels increased had a close relationship with a specific response to IOL implanta- tion. The increase of IL-1 may be suggested as the principal mediators of immunological and inflammatory responses, so that may play critical role in anterior ocular inflammative response after IOL implantation.

In Vivo Anti-Inflammatory Assessment of Quillaja saponaria Mol. Extracts

Aqueous extracts from the native Chilean Quillaja saponaria tree are used orally and topically to treat lung inflammatory problems and toothache. This study aimed to corroborate their presumed anti-inflammatory activity, identify their active ingredients and validate their use. The topical anti-inflammatory activity of a commercial partially purified Quillaja saponin aqueous extract （Ultra Dry 100Q, UD）, the crude acid hydrolysate （H-100Q） of this material, its two most abundant sapogenins QA （quillaic acid） and PA （phytolaccagenic acid）, and two formulations containing QA were subjected to topical assays for the inhibition ofmurine ear inflammation elicited by AA （arachidonic acid） or TPA （phorbol ester）. The dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity of QA was confirmed in both AA （maximal effect 92.1%） and TPA （maximal effect 62.2%） assays, and PA showed significant anti-inflammatory activity against AA （46.5%）. Two dermo pharmaceutical formulations containing 8% w/v QA as the active ingredient--a cream and a gel--also exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects in the TPA （50.8%） and AA （39.5%） assays.

Relationship between LYVE-1, VEGFR-3 and CD44 gene expressions and lymphatic metastasis in gastric cancer

AIM: To investigate the expression levels of lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 (VEGFR-3) and CD44 genes and the relationship between their lev- els and clinicopathological parameters in gastric cancer.METHODS: Tissue samples were obtained from 33 patients (8 females) with gastric cancer. mRNA levels of LYVE-1, VEGFR-3 and CD44 in normal and tumor tissues were quantitatively measured using real time polymerase chain reaction. The results were correlated with lymph node metastasis, histological type and differentiation of the tumor, T-stage, and presence of vascular, perineural and lymphatic invasions. The distribution of molecules in the tissue was evaluated using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: LYVE-1, CD44 and VEGFR-3 gene expression levels were significantly higher in gastric cancer than in normal tissue. While there was no correlation between gene expressions and clinicopathologic fea- tures such as histologic type, differentiation and stage, gene expression levels were found to be increased in conjunction with positive lymph node/total lymph node ratio and the presence of perineural invasion. A significant correlation was also found between LYVE-1 and CD44 over-expressions and perineural invasion and lymph node positivity in gastric cancers. When the dis- tribution of LYVE-1 antibody-stained lymphatic vessels in tissue was evaluated, lymphatic vessels were located intra-tumorally in 13% and peri-tumorally in 27% of the patients. Moreover, lymph node metastases were also positive in all patients with LYVE-1-staining. CONCLUSION: LYVE-1, VEGFR-3 and CD44 all play an important role in lymphangiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. LYVE-1 is a perfectly reliable lymphatic vessel marker and useful for immunohistochemistry.

In vivo effects of 17-β-estradiol on plasma immunoglobulin levels and leukocyte density in zebrafish Danio rerio

Estradiol, or 17-β-estradiol （E2）, the most potent naturally occurring estrogen, is involved in the hormone-immune system interaction in both mammals and fish. However, in vivo studies are largely limited, and little is known about whether E2 exerts similar effects on both female and male zebrafish （Danio rerio）. Here, we show exposure of both sexes ofD. rerio to 20 nmol/L E2 resulted in a significant increase in Vgl expression, but caused little damage to the hepatocytes, suggesting that this is the optimum E2 concentration. Also, exposure to 20 nmol/L E2 for 20 days caused a marked increase in plasma IgM levels, but had little influence on the peripheral leukocyte density, providing the first evidence of a hormone-immune system interaction in this species.

Analogy Between Hydraulic Jump in Films Formed by Impinging Liquid Jet and Critical Flow in Internal Flows

Formulated are simple models for the flow in liquid film, formed by impinging jet, and a two-phase downward flow in pipe. The models are based on simplified equations of mass, momentum and energy. The solutions of such conservation equations may have regular points belonging to one integral curve only as well as turning points can be found amongst them, which refer to extreme values in the appropriate co-ordinate system. The solutions can also have singular points belonging to none or more than one integral curve. Both the turning and singular points have a clear physical meaning. They could be linked to critical flow conditions in the pipe flow or to the so-called hydraulic jump. Analogy existing between critical conditions in the pipe and the flow of liquid films formed by the liquid jet have been shown in the paper.

Aqueous extract of Taxus Chinensis (Pilger) Rehd inhibits lung carcinoma A549 cells through the epidermal growth factor receptor/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in vitro and in vivo

OBJECTIVE： To explore the anticancer mechanism of aqueous extract of Taxus Chinensis （Pilger） Rehd （AETC）. METHODS： The serum pharmacological method was used to avoid interference from administration of the crude medicinal herbs. Eight purebred NewZealand rabbits were used for preparation of serum containing various concentrations of AETC. For- ty-eight Balb/c-nu mice were used for in vivo experi- ments. The effects of serum containing AETC on the proliferation of A549 cells and expression levels of the epidermal growth factor receptor/mito- gen-activated protein kinase （EGFR/MAPK） path- way-related proteins in vitro were investigated. Ad- ditionally, the effects on the growth of A549 xeno- grafts in nude mice, and expression levels of the EG- FR/MAPK pathway-related proteins in the xeno- grafts, were investigated. RESULTS： 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl）-2,5-diphenyl- tetrazolium bromide （MTT） assay revealed that the serum containing AETC significantly decreased the viability of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot showed that the serum containing various concentrations of AETC strongly reduced the levels of phospho-Jun N-terminal kinase （p-JNK） and phospho-extracellular signal-regulated kinasel/2 （ERK1/2） while it increased the level of p-p38. However, no significant effects on the ex- pression levels of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 MAPK were found. In addition, an anticancer effect from AETC was observed in vivo in the Balb/c-nu mice bearing A549 xenografts.CONCLUSION： AETC has significant effects on the growth of A549 xenografts and on the activity of the EGFR/MAPK pathway. Therefore, AETC may be beneficial in lung carcinoma treatment.

Multi-responsive red solid emitter: Detection of trace water and sense of relative humidity

A multi-responsive D-A type compound(CYQ)based on pyrone and triphenylamine was designed and successfully synthesized. The target compound exhibited distinct aggregation-enhanced emission(AEE) effect.Solvatochromic experiment and density functional theory(DFT) indicated CYQ possessed excellent intramolecular charge transfer(ICT) ability. Besides, its mechanofluorochromic property(MFC) was found with a 37 nm redshift. Powder wide-angle X-ray diffraction(PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) measurements were performed to demonstrate the transformation from the crystalline to amorphous states upon grinding. Surprisingly,CYQ displayed a hypersensitive response to trace water in organic solvents with an excellent detection limit as low as 0.0096% in tetrahydrofuran(THF). Furthermore, it was found that the fluorescent intensity of CYQ declined progressively upon humidity rise, and its color change can be witnessed by naked eyes. Therefore, the relative humidity(RH) sensing strategy guarantees the AIEgen to become a colorimetric sensor under various conditions.