黄瓜内生木霉菌对尖孢镰孢菌黄瓜专化型(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cucumerinum)的抑制作用

采用内生菌常规分离法,对健康无病的黄瓜植株体内的内生真菌进行了分离筛选,将筛选出的10种内生木霉菌与黄瓜枯萎病菌对峙培养,编号为Th1402的木霉菌株抑菌率最高达77.59%。从中挑选出5种抑菌率较高的木霉菌株三三复配,挑取出亲和力最好的Th1401,Th1402,Th1403组合,进行固体发酵,在基础培养基与液体黄腐酸的质量比为20∶9时,木霉产孢量最高,达到6.25×108个/g。

引入内生木霉菌株P3.9对枇杷根际土著真菌数量的影响

为了探究内生木霉菌株P3.9对枇杷根际土著真菌是否有不良影响,采用稀释分离法与平板计数法,跟踪测试了此菌株1个季度内对枇杷根际土著真菌数量的影响。结果表明:接种内生木霉菌株P3.9后枇杷根际土壤土著真菌数量总体呈减少趋势;接种后5~60 d,除35~40 d间土著真菌数量变化不明显外,其余时间以10 d为周期呈循环增减变化,接种后60~90 d以30 d为周期呈增减变化;而对照组在5~50 d时土著真菌数量以15 d为周期呈循环减增变化,50~70 d时以20 d为周期呈增减变化,70~75 d数量变化不大,75~85 d以10 d为周期呈增减变化,85~90 d数量呈增加态势;对照组土著真菌数量波动幅度比处理组大,真菌数量不稳定;处理组真菌数量极显著低于对照组,表明内生木霉菌株P3.9对土著真菌有一定抑制作用。

植物内生木霉的鉴定及其抑菌活性

对分离自健康植物的6种内生木霉菌进行活化,再观察菌落形态、颜色,测量生长速度,观察孢子形态,测量孢子直径范围,进而对供试菌株进行分类鉴定。结果初步鉴定,DBs0-13为多孢木霉(Trichoderma polysporum),DBs57为里氏木霉(T.reesei),DBs66为长孢木霉(T.longipile),40为绿色木霉(T.viride),171为康氏木霉(T.koningii),292为哈茨木霉(T.harizianum)。采用生长速率法测定供试真菌发酵液(相当于稀释10倍)对4种病原真菌的抑制效果。结果表明,6木霉菌对小麦赤霉菌、苹果轮纹菌、油菜菌核菌和可可球二孢菌都有不同程度的抑制作用,其中DBs0-13和171的抑菌率相对较高,并对4种病原真菌都具有抑制作用;6种木霉菌中抑菌率最高的是DBs0-13,其对油菜菌核病菌、可可球二孢的抑制率分别为62.89%、41.12%。

Inoculation of Loquat Endophytic Trichoderma Strain P3.9 into Loquat Rhizosphere Soil and Its Effect on Quantity of Indigenous Fungi

In order to explore whether the endophytic Trichoderma strain P3.9 of loquat has an adverse effect on indigenous fungi in loquat rhizosphere soil, the quantitative change of aboriginal fungi is determined by dish dilution and plate colony-counting method with time changing in one season. The results showed that after the inoculation of endophytic Trichoderma strain P3.9, the total number of indigenous fungi in loquat rhizosphere soil had an obviously downward trend in contrast with the control which was without inoculation. For treatment groups, 5~60 d after inoculation, the number of indigenous fungi showed a cyclic upward-downward trend at a 10-d interval except for the insignificant changes from 35 to 40 d;60~90 d after inoculation, the upward-downward trend repeated at a 30-d interval. For the control group, the number of indigenous fungi first presented a downward-upward trend every 15 d during the period of 5~50 d, and then an upward-downward trend from the period of 50~70 d and the 75~85 d, and lastly continuous growth from 85 to 90 d;particularly, it did not vary greatly from 70 to 75 d. In general, the quantity of indigenous fungi is unstable in the control group which fluctuates more significantly than in the treatment group. The number of indigenous fungi in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group. The Trichoderma strain P3.9 can inhibit indigenous fungi in loquat rhizosphere soil effectively.