AIM： To elucidate the biological effects of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma （ICC）.METHODS： We investigated the effects of TGF-β1 on human ICC cell lines （HuCCT1, MEC...AIM： To elucidate the biological effects of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma （ICC）.METHODS： We investigated the effects of TGF-β1 on human ICC cell lines （HuCCT1, MEC, and HUH-28） by monitoring the influence of TGF-β1 on tumor growth and interleukin-6 （IL-6） expression in ICC cells.RESULTS： All three human ICC cell lines produced TGF-β1 and demonstrated accelerated growth in the presence of TGF-β1 with no apoptotic effect. Studies on HuCCT1 revealed a TGF-β1-induced stimulation of the expression of TGF-β1, as well as a decrease in TGF-β1 mRNA expression induced by neutralizing anti-TGF-β1 antibody. These results indicate that TGF-β1 stimulates the production and function of TGF-β1 in an autocrine fashion. Further, IL-6 secretion was observed in all three cell lines and exhibited an inhibitory response to neutralizing anti-TGF-β1 antibody. Experiments using HuCCT1 revealed a TGF-β1-induced acceleration of IL-6 protein expression and mRNA levels. These findings demonstrate a functional interaction between TGF-β1 and IL-6. All three cell lines proliferated in the presence of IL-6. In contrast, TGF-β1 induced no growth effect in HuCCT1 in the presence of small interfering RNA against a specific cell surface receptor of IL-6 and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3.CONCLUSION： ICC cells produce TGF-β1 and confer a TGF-β1-induced growth effect in an autocrine fashion.TGF-β1 activates ILo6 production, and the functional interaction between TGF-β1 and IL-6 contributes to ICC cell growth by TGF-β1.展开更多
We read with a great interest the recent work of Deli and colleagues. in the World Journal of Gastroenterology reporting vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） expression in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and c...We read with a great interest the recent work of Deli and colleagues. in the World Journal of Gastroenterology reporting vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） expression in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and cirrhotic liver tissues. This well-documented work shows that VEGF was significantly higher in surrounding cirrhotic liver tissues than in HCC. Authors assessed VEGF expression using immunohistochemistry. The immunohistochemical staining is an efficient tool to assess the percentage of cells stained positively for VEGF but is not really efficient to estimate their true VEGF content. Evaluation of the VEGF protein by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 0ELISA） has been reported, by us and others, to be an efficient tool in order to assess tissue VEGF expression. We have, thus, tested whether the ELISA method might be an efficient tool in order to confirm data reporting higher amounts of VEGF in surrounding cirrhotic liver tissues than in HCC. Deli and colleagues. also correctly pointed out that basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） has been reported to act cooperatively on VEGF expression. We have, thus, also assessed bFGF tissue levels in order to search for a putative link between VEGF and bFGF levels in cirrhotic tissues.展开更多
Objective： To investigate the relationship between the appearances of digital subtraction angiography （DSA） and the serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in patients with primary hepatocellular...Objective： To investigate the relationship between the appearances of digital subtraction angiography （DSA） and the serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. Methods： 24 HCC patients, 30 times DSA were examined, serum VEGF level was measured with the quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） in patients and healthy control subjects in this study. Results： Among DSA for 24 patients with HCC, 18 of 24 cases showed hepatic artery blood supply of tumor. Four of 24 cases showed portal vein blood supply of tumor, 1 of 24 cases showed superior mesenteric artery blood supply of tumor and artery-venous shunt formation, and there was no blood supply to tumor in one case. Serum VEGF level in HCC[（χ＋s）194.5±14.2] ng/L was significant elevated to those in patients comparing with those of the normal controls （132.4±47.9） ng/L and marked differences （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： During the cases for plenty blood supply or arteryvenous shunt formation in patients with HCC, serum VEGF level markedly elevated in the patients of HCC. VEGF expression was significantly related to intrahepatic dissemination, recurrence and metastasis in patients with HCC.展开更多
Research topic of this paper includes importance of theoretical knowledge on performance of firms＇ professionals. Research question is how theory affects the performance. Answer might become thorough competence of pr...Research topic of this paper includes importance of theoretical knowledge on performance of firms＇ professionals. Research question is how theory affects the performance. Answer might become thorough competence of professionals and task performance. With this sense, two case studis are obtained from Drucker＇s works （2009; 2015）. Therefore, research method covers case study approaches. Furthermore, firms produce national GDP in an economy. There are several functions in firm management, and managers operate those functions. They are logistics, supply, stock, finance, accounting, marketing, production, etc. All have managers such as accounting manager, finance manager, marketing manager, etc. Performance of managers is crucial to fLrm performance. Because performance of managers might become one determinator of firm performance. Therefore, HRM may have an impact on GDP through managers. Because productions and sales of firms affect GDPs on an economy. Moreover, professionals or managers must have theoretical knowledge in their field. Because theoretical knowledge increases their performance at work. In conclusion, study reveals that managers may have impact on firm performance; and theory may increase task performance of employees.展开更多
This paper examines the connections among sustain- ability, governance and GDP, using the data from 123 countries. Sustainability is found to be related with GDP in two contradic- tory ways. On the one hand, growth in...This paper examines the connections among sustain- ability, governance and GDP, using the data from 123 countries. Sustainability is found to be related with GDP in two contradic- tory ways. On the one hand, growth in GDP strengthens a nation’s ability to maintain favorable environmental conditions into the future. On the other hand, GDP growth is built on more consump- tion of natural resources, and therefore generates a larger “foot- print” on the Earth. Governance plays a key role in sustainable development. However, it is not helping to reduce our footprint on the Earth. In fact, good governance is linked to a larger footprint. This reflects our materialist value and human impulse. When a society prefers the comfort and well-being of human beings to the welfare of its environment, democratic governance might be used as an effective tool against nature.展开更多
In normal physiological anatomy, common bile duct opens in the major papilla and does not communicate with the minor papilla directly. There is little chance to calmulate biliary system via the minor papilla. There wa...In normal physiological anatomy, common bile duct opens in the major papilla and does not communicate with the minor papilla directly. There is little chance to calmulate biliary system via the minor papilla. There was no report of tmns-minor papilla biliary drainage in the literature. We presented a case with malignant obstructive jaundice that underwent trans-minor papilla biliary drainage. A 5F super slim nasobiliary tube was inserted into common bile duct successfully through minor papilla during endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography （ERCP）. The patient did not complain abdominal pain or any discomfort after procedure. Biliary drainage was effective （500-800 ml per day）. The patient＇s jaundice relieved significantly during follow-up展开更多
In the deregulated economy, the maximum load forecasting is important for the electric industry. Many applications are included such as the energy generation and purchasing. The aim of the present study is to find the...In the deregulated economy, the maximum load forecasting is important for the electric industry. Many applications are included such as the energy generation and purchasing. The aim of the present study is to find the most suitable models for the peak load of the Kingdom of Bahrain. Many mathematical methods have been developing for maximum load forecasting. In the present paper, the modeling of the maximum load, population and GDP （gross domestic product） versus years obtained. The curve fitting technique used to find that models, where Graph 4.4.2 as a tool used to find the models. As well, Neuro-Fuzzy used to find the three models. Therefore, three techniques are used. These three are exponential, linear modeling and Neuro-Fuzzy. It is found that, the Neuro-Fuzzy is the most suitable and realistic one. Then, the linear modeling is the next suitable one.展开更多
Due to its essential roles in angiogenesis, Notch pathway has emerged as an attractive target for the treatment of pathologic angiogenesis. Although both activation and blockage of Notch signal can impede angiogenesis...Due to its essential roles in angiogenesis, Notch pathway has emerged as an attractive target for the treatment of pathologic angiogenesis. Although both activation and blockage of Notch signal can impede angiogenesis, activation of Notch signal may be more promising because it was shown that long-term Notch signal blockage resulted in vessel neoplasm. However, an in vivo deliverable Notch ligand with highly efficient Notch-activating capacity has not been developed. Among all the Notch ligands, Delta-like4(Dll4) is specifically involved in angiogenesis. In this study, we generated a novel soluble Notch ligand h D4 R, which consists of the Delta-Serrate-Lag-2 fragment of human Dll4 and an arginine-glycine-aspartate(RGD) motif targeting endothelial cells(ECs). We demonstrated that h D4 R could bind to ECs through its RGD motif and effectively triggered Notch signaling in ECs. Further, we confirmed that h D4 R could suppress angiogenesis in vitro as manifested by network formation assay and sprouting assay. More importantly, h D4 R efficiently repressed neonatal retinal angiogenesis and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization(CNV) as well in vivo. In conclusion, we have developed an in vivo deliverable Notch ligand h D4 R, which suppresses angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo, thus providing a new approach to tackle excessive angiogenesis relevant disease such as CNV.展开更多
基金Supported by the Ministry of Education, Science, Sports, and Culture of Japan, through a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
文摘AIM： To elucidate the biological effects of transforming growth factor-β1 （TGF-β1） on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma （ICC）.METHODS： We investigated the effects of TGF-β1 on human ICC cell lines （HuCCT1, MEC, and HUH-28） by monitoring the influence of TGF-β1 on tumor growth and interleukin-6 （IL-6） expression in ICC cells.RESULTS： All three human ICC cell lines produced TGF-β1 and demonstrated accelerated growth in the presence of TGF-β1 with no apoptotic effect. Studies on HuCCT1 revealed a TGF-β1-induced stimulation of the expression of TGF-β1, as well as a decrease in TGF-β1 mRNA expression induced by neutralizing anti-TGF-β1 antibody. These results indicate that TGF-β1 stimulates the production and function of TGF-β1 in an autocrine fashion. Further, IL-6 secretion was observed in all three cell lines and exhibited an inhibitory response to neutralizing anti-TGF-β1 antibody. Experiments using HuCCT1 revealed a TGF-β1-induced acceleration of IL-6 protein expression and mRNA levels. These findings demonstrate a functional interaction between TGF-β1 and IL-6. All three cell lines proliferated in the presence of IL-6. In contrast, TGF-β1 induced no growth effect in HuCCT1 in the presence of small interfering RNA against a specific cell surface receptor of IL-6 and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3.CONCLUSION： ICC cells produce TGF-β1 and confer a TGF-β1-induced growth effect in an autocrine fashion.TGF-β1 activates ILo6 production, and the functional interaction between TGF-β1 and IL-6 contributes to ICC cell growth by TGF-β1.
文摘We read with a great interest the recent work of Deli and colleagues. in the World Journal of Gastroenterology reporting vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） expression in hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） and cirrhotic liver tissues. This well-documented work shows that VEGF was significantly higher in surrounding cirrhotic liver tissues than in HCC. Authors assessed VEGF expression using immunohistochemistry. The immunohistochemical staining is an efficient tool to assess the percentage of cells stained positively for VEGF but is not really efficient to estimate their true VEGF content. Evaluation of the VEGF protein by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 0ELISA） has been reported, by us and others, to be an efficient tool in order to assess tissue VEGF expression. We have, thus, tested whether the ELISA method might be an efficient tool in order to confirm data reporting higher amounts of VEGF in surrounding cirrhotic liver tissues than in HCC. Deli and colleagues. also correctly pointed out that basic fibroblast growth factor （bFGF） has been reported to act cooperatively on VEGF expression. We have, thus, also assessed bFGF tissue levels in order to search for a putative link between VEGF and bFGF levels in cirrhotic tissues.
文摘Objective： To investigate the relationship between the appearances of digital subtraction angiography （DSA） and the serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）. Methods： 24 HCC patients, 30 times DSA were examined, serum VEGF level was measured with the quantitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） in patients and healthy control subjects in this study. Results： Among DSA for 24 patients with HCC, 18 of 24 cases showed hepatic artery blood supply of tumor. Four of 24 cases showed portal vein blood supply of tumor, 1 of 24 cases showed superior mesenteric artery blood supply of tumor and artery-venous shunt formation, and there was no blood supply to tumor in one case. Serum VEGF level in HCC[（χ＋s）194.5±14.2] ng/L was significant elevated to those in patients comparing with those of the normal controls （132.4±47.9） ng/L and marked differences （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： During the cases for plenty blood supply or arteryvenous shunt formation in patients with HCC, serum VEGF level markedly elevated in the patients of HCC. VEGF expression was significantly related to intrahepatic dissemination, recurrence and metastasis in patients with HCC.
文摘Research topic of this paper includes importance of theoretical knowledge on performance of firms＇ professionals. Research question is how theory affects the performance. Answer might become thorough competence of professionals and task performance. With this sense, two case studis are obtained from Drucker＇s works （2009; 2015）. Therefore, research method covers case study approaches. Furthermore, firms produce national GDP in an economy. There are several functions in firm management, and managers operate those functions. They are logistics, supply, stock, finance, accounting, marketing, production, etc. All have managers such as accounting manager, finance manager, marketing manager, etc. Performance of managers is crucial to fLrm performance. Because performance of managers might become one determinator of firm performance. Therefore, HRM may have an impact on GDP through managers. Because productions and sales of firms affect GDPs on an economy. Moreover, professionals or managers must have theoretical knowledge in their field. Because theoretical knowledge increases their performance at work. In conclusion, study reveals that managers may have impact on firm performance; and theory may increase task performance of employees.
文摘This paper examines the connections among sustain- ability, governance and GDP, using the data from 123 countries. Sustainability is found to be related with GDP in two contradic- tory ways. On the one hand, growth in GDP strengthens a nation’s ability to maintain favorable environmental conditions into the future. On the other hand, GDP growth is built on more consump- tion of natural resources, and therefore generates a larger “foot- print” on the Earth. Governance plays a key role in sustainable development. However, it is not helping to reduce our footprint on the Earth. In fact, good governance is linked to a larger footprint. This reflects our materialist value and human impulse. When a society prefers the comfort and well-being of human beings to the welfare of its environment, democratic governance might be used as an effective tool against nature.
文摘In normal physiological anatomy, common bile duct opens in the major papilla and does not communicate with the minor papilla directly. There is little chance to calmulate biliary system via the minor papilla. There was no report of tmns-minor papilla biliary drainage in the literature. We presented a case with malignant obstructive jaundice that underwent trans-minor papilla biliary drainage. A 5F super slim nasobiliary tube was inserted into common bile duct successfully through minor papilla during endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography （ERCP）. The patient did not complain abdominal pain or any discomfort after procedure. Biliary drainage was effective （500-800 ml per day）. The patient＇s jaundice relieved significantly during follow-up
文摘In the deregulated economy, the maximum load forecasting is important for the electric industry. Many applications are included such as the energy generation and purchasing. The aim of the present study is to find the most suitable models for the peak load of the Kingdom of Bahrain. Many mathematical methods have been developing for maximum load forecasting. In the present paper, the modeling of the maximum load, population and GDP （gross domestic product） versus years obtained. The curve fitting technique used to find that models, where Graph 4.4.2 as a tool used to find the models. As well, Neuro-Fuzzy used to find the three models. Therefore, three techniques are used. These three are exponential, linear modeling and Neuro-Fuzzy. It is found that, the Neuro-Fuzzy is the most suitable and realistic one. Then, the linear modeling is the next suitable one.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31370769,81200707,91339115,31301194)
文摘Due to its essential roles in angiogenesis, Notch pathway has emerged as an attractive target for the treatment of pathologic angiogenesis. Although both activation and blockage of Notch signal can impede angiogenesis, activation of Notch signal may be more promising because it was shown that long-term Notch signal blockage resulted in vessel neoplasm. However, an in vivo deliverable Notch ligand with highly efficient Notch-activating capacity has not been developed. Among all the Notch ligands, Delta-like4(Dll4) is specifically involved in angiogenesis. In this study, we generated a novel soluble Notch ligand h D4 R, which consists of the Delta-Serrate-Lag-2 fragment of human Dll4 and an arginine-glycine-aspartate(RGD) motif targeting endothelial cells(ECs). We demonstrated that h D4 R could bind to ECs through its RGD motif and effectively triggered Notch signaling in ECs. Further, we confirmed that h D4 R could suppress angiogenesis in vitro as manifested by network formation assay and sprouting assay. More importantly, h D4 R efficiently repressed neonatal retinal angiogenesis and laser-induced choroidal neovascularization(CNV) as well in vivo. In conclusion, we have developed an in vivo deliverable Notch ligand h D4 R, which suppresses angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo, thus providing a new approach to tackle excessive angiogenesis relevant disease such as CNV.
