中医经典海外传播对中医药国际化具有重要意义,然而目前中医经典海外传播存在课程覆盖面有限、语言障碍、师资明显不足等困境。通过考察法国汉学家伊丽莎白(Elisabeth Rochat de la Vallée,中文名罗姹)在美国科罗拉中医教学时的《黄帝...中医经典海外传播对中医药国际化具有重要意义,然而目前中医经典海外传播存在课程覆盖面有限、语言障碍、师资明显不足等困境。通过考察法国汉学家伊丽莎白(Elisabeth Rochat de la Vallée,中文名罗姹)在美国科罗拉中医教学时的《黄帝内经》课堂,发现其以“汉字立论”的跨国际授课方式对中医经典的海外传播与教授具有借鉴意义。未来,中医经典海外传播应加大人才培养力度,保持积极的开放态度,并与更多海外汉学家建立联系。展开更多
Future manufacturing systems need to cope with frequent changes and disturbances, therefore their control architectures require constant adaptability, agility, stability, self-organization, intelligence, and robustnes...Future manufacturing systems need to cope with frequent changes and disturbances, therefore their control architectures require constant adaptability, agility, stability, self-organization, intelligence, and robustness. Bio-inspired manufacturing system can well satisfy these requirements. For this purpose, by referencing the biological organization structure and the mechanism, a bio-inspired manufacturing cell is presented from a novel view, and then a bio-inspired self-adaptive manufacturing model is established based on the ultra-short feedback mechanism of the neuro-endocrine system. A hio-inspired self-adaptive manufacturing system coordinated model is also established based on the neuro-endocrine-immunity system （NEIS）. Finally, an example based on pheromone communication mechanism indicates that the robustness of the whole manufacturing system is improved by bio-inspired technologies.展开更多
Objective Neuroinflammation with microglial activation has been implicated to have a strong association with the progressive dopaminergic neuronal loss in Parkinson＇s disease （PD）. The present study was undertaken ...Objective Neuroinflammation with microglial activation has been implicated to have a strong association with the progressive dopaminergic neuronal loss in Parkinson＇s disease （PD）. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the activation profile of microglia in 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium （MPP^＋）-induced hemiparkinsonian rats. Triptolide, a potent immunosuppressant and microglia inhibitor, was then examined for its efficacy in protecting dopaminergic neurons from injury and ameliorating behavioral disabilities induced by MPP^＋. Methods The rat model of PD was established by intranigral microinjection of MPP^＋. At baseline and on day 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 following MPP^＋ injection, the degree of microglial activation was examined by detecting the immunodensity of OX-42 （microglia marker） in the substantia nigra （SN）. The number of viable dopaminergic neurons was determined by measuring tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） positive neurons in the SN. Behavioral performances were evaluated by counting the number of rotations induced by apomorphine, calculating scores of forelimb akinesia and vibrissae-elicited forelimb placing asymmetry. Results Intranigral injection of MPP^＋ resulted in robust activa- tion of microglia, progressive depletion of dopaminergic neurons, and ongoing aggravation of behavioral disabilities in rats. Triptolide significantly inhibited microglial activation, partially prevented dopaminergic cells from death and improved behavioral performances. Conclusion These data demonstrated for the first time a neuroprotective effect of triptolide on dopaminergic neurons in MPP^＋ induced hemiparkinsonian rats. The protective effect of triptolide may, at least partially, be related to the inhibition of MPP^＋-induced microglial activation. Our results lend strong support to the use of immunosuppressive agents in the management of PD.展开更多
AIMS To elucidate the biological and clinicopathological signifi- cance of neuroendocrine(NE)cells in gastric carcinoma(GC). METHODS One hundred and eighty-nine cases of various histo- logical types of GC were observe...AIMS To elucidate the biological and clinicopathological signifi- cance of neuroendocrine(NE)cells in gastric carcinoma(GC). METHODS One hundred and eighty-nine cases of various histo- logical types of GC were observed using light microscopy, histochemistry,immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Of them 127 patients were followed up. RESULTS Chromogranin A(CgA)positive GC was demonstrat- ed in 85 cases(45.0%).The typos of NE cells in GC were probed using 9 kinds of hormone antibodies 49 cases(67.2%) contained more than one hormone.NE cells were found more often in poorly differentiated GC than in well differentiated ones(P<0. 01).Expression of some kinds of hormone Was relative to the dif- ferentiation and histological types of GC.BOM,CT(P<0.01) GAST and 5-HT(P<0.05)were more expressed in poorly differ- entiated cases than in well defferentiated ones.Nineteen cases of the matastatic foci in regional lymph nodes were found to have CgA positive cancer cells.The presence of HCG in matastatic lymph nodes was more often observed than that of other hormone (P<0.01).The survival rate of patients with NE positive GC was 38.9% and negative GC 52.7%.Five of 7 patients(71. 4%)with somatostatin positive GC still survived at follow up of 33-66 months,but 4 patients with HCG positive GC died in 12-29 months. CONCLUSIONS The NE cells occur more frequently in poorly differentiated GC.Certain hormones appear to be related to the metastasis and prognosis.展开更多
Objective： To observe the relationship between non-small cell lung cancer with neuroendrocrine differentiation （NSCLC-NE） and patients＇ postoperative survival. Methods： During April 1997 to April 1999, 98 cases o...Objective： To observe the relationship between non-small cell lung cancer with neuroendrocrine differentiation （NSCLC-NE） and patients＇ postoperative survival. Methods： During April 1997 to April 1999, 98 cases of hlng cancer were surgically treated. The tumor specimens of the patients were stained by NE markers, i.e. neuron specific enolase （NSE） and synaptophysin （SY）. The intensity of NE markers reaction was divided as ＂＋＂. ＂＋＋＂. ＂＋＋＋＂ scale groups. The same specimens were also examined under an electron microscope for the specific neuroendocrine granules. All enrolled patients were followed up for 36 months, and the longest follow-up time was 60 months. The COX proportional hazard model multivariate analysis was applied to observe the relationship between the NSCLE-NE and the patients＇ postoperative survival. Results： In 91 cases of NSCLC, 63.7% （58/91） were positive for NE stain reaction. Among them, 59.3% （54/91） were positive for NSE and 24.1% （22/91） for SY. 48.4% （44/91） were considered as NSCLC-NE by the combination of NE inarker stain reaction and electron microscopic examination. COX proportional hazard model lnnltivariate analysis showed that the NSCLC-NE patients＇ survival was significantly shortened （P=0.048）. The following factors were related to NSCLC-NE patients＇ survival： lung cancer cell differentiation （P=0.006）, clinical lung cancer stage （P=0.001）, the NE markers reaction （P=0.054）. Conclusion： NSCLE-NE is significantly related to the cancer cell differentiation and the patients＇ postoperative survival. The NE markers should be applied clinically as one of prognostic factors to evaluate the postoperative survival of NSCLC patients.展开更多
AIMS To study the quantitative ultrastucture of neu- roendocrine cells of gastric mucosa on normal anc pathological conditions including the duodenal ulcer (DU) and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). METHODS The neuroe...AIMS To study the quantitative ultrastucture of neu- roendocrine cells of gastric mucosa on normal anc pathological conditions including the duodenal ulcer (DU) and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). METHODS The neuroendocrine cells of the gastric mucosa of eight normal subjects,six patients with DU and five patients with ZES were quantitatively investi- gated with electro microscope and ultrastructure image analyzer. RESULTS The volume density of neuroendocrine cells in DU was 1.3% and 0.8% (vs 1.6% and 0.9%,P>0.05) in gastric antrum and corpus respectively. In antrum,G cells was of 65% (P< 0.05),D cells decreased in cell density (3% vs 9.5%) and in number of cell per unit area (P<0.01). In corpus,the cell density of ECL cells increased (49% vs 30%,P<0.05);D cells and EC cells decreasec (2% P<0.01 and 4% P<0.05,respectively),and the number of D cell per unit area markedly decreased. In ZES,D cells in corpus decreased in cell density (4% vs 22%,P<0.01) and P cells also decreased (11% vs 24%,P<0.05). The density of ECL cells increased (65% vs 30%,P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS In DU and ZES,both the number and type of NE cells present some changes. Incresed gastrin in DU and ZES patients may be caused by the decrease of D cells and somatostatin secretion.展开更多
文摘中医经典海外传播对中医药国际化具有重要意义,然而目前中医经典海外传播存在课程覆盖面有限、语言障碍、师资明显不足等困境。通过考察法国汉学家伊丽莎白(Elisabeth Rochat de la Vallée,中文名罗姹)在美国科罗拉中医教学时的《黄帝内经》课堂,发现其以“汉字立论”的跨国际授课方式对中医经典的海外传播与教授具有借鉴意义。未来,中医经典海外传播应加大人才培养力度,保持积极的开放态度,并与更多海外汉学家建立联系。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50505017)Fok Ying Tung Edu-cation Foundation (111056)+1 种基金the Innovative and Excellent Foundation for Doctoral Dissertation of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (BCXJ08-07)the New Century Excellent Talents in University,China (NCET-08)~~
文摘Future manufacturing systems need to cope with frequent changes and disturbances, therefore their control architectures require constant adaptability, agility, stability, self-organization, intelligence, and robustness. Bio-inspired manufacturing system can well satisfy these requirements. For this purpose, by referencing the biological organization structure and the mechanism, a bio-inspired manufacturing cell is presented from a novel view, and then a bio-inspired self-adaptive manufacturing model is established based on the ultra-short feedback mechanism of the neuro-endocrine system. A hio-inspired self-adaptive manufacturing system coordinated model is also established based on the neuro-endocrine-immunity system （NEIS）. Finally, an example based on pheromone communication mechanism indicates that the robustness of the whole manufacturing system is improved by bio-inspired technologies.
文摘Objective Neuroinflammation with microglial activation has been implicated to have a strong association with the progressive dopaminergic neuronal loss in Parkinson＇s disease （PD）. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the activation profile of microglia in 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium （MPP^＋）-induced hemiparkinsonian rats. Triptolide, a potent immunosuppressant and microglia inhibitor, was then examined for its efficacy in protecting dopaminergic neurons from injury and ameliorating behavioral disabilities induced by MPP^＋. Methods The rat model of PD was established by intranigral microinjection of MPP^＋. At baseline and on day 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 following MPP^＋ injection, the degree of microglial activation was examined by detecting the immunodensity of OX-42 （microglia marker） in the substantia nigra （SN）. The number of viable dopaminergic neurons was determined by measuring tyrosine hydroxylase （TH） positive neurons in the SN. Behavioral performances were evaluated by counting the number of rotations induced by apomorphine, calculating scores of forelimb akinesia and vibrissae-elicited forelimb placing asymmetry. Results Intranigral injection of MPP^＋ resulted in robust activa- tion of microglia, progressive depletion of dopaminergic neurons, and ongoing aggravation of behavioral disabilities in rats. Triptolide significantly inhibited microglial activation, partially prevented dopaminergic cells from death and improved behavioral performances. Conclusion These data demonstrated for the first time a neuroprotective effect of triptolide on dopaminergic neurons in MPP^＋ induced hemiparkinsonian rats. The protective effect of triptolide may, at least partially, be related to the inhibition of MPP^＋-induced microglial activation. Our results lend strong support to the use of immunosuppressive agents in the management of PD.
文摘AIMS To elucidate the biological and clinicopathological signifi- cance of neuroendocrine(NE)cells in gastric carcinoma(GC). METHODS One hundred and eighty-nine cases of various histo- logical types of GC were observed using light microscopy, histochemistry,immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Of them 127 patients were followed up. RESULTS Chromogranin A(CgA)positive GC was demonstrat- ed in 85 cases(45.0%).The typos of NE cells in GC were probed using 9 kinds of hormone antibodies 49 cases(67.2%) contained more than one hormone.NE cells were found more often in poorly differentiated GC than in well differentiated ones(P<0. 01).Expression of some kinds of hormone Was relative to the dif- ferentiation and histological types of GC.BOM,CT(P<0.01) GAST and 5-HT(P<0.05)were more expressed in poorly differ- entiated cases than in well defferentiated ones.Nineteen cases of the matastatic foci in regional lymph nodes were found to have CgA positive cancer cells.The presence of HCG in matastatic lymph nodes was more often observed than that of other hormone (P<0.01).The survival rate of patients with NE positive GC was 38.9% and negative GC 52.7%.Five of 7 patients(71. 4%)with somatostatin positive GC still survived at follow up of 33-66 months,but 4 patients with HCG positive GC died in 12-29 months. CONCLUSIONS The NE cells occur more frequently in poorly differentiated GC.Certain hormones appear to be related to the metastasis and prognosis.
文摘Objective： To observe the relationship between non-small cell lung cancer with neuroendrocrine differentiation （NSCLC-NE） and patients＇ postoperative survival. Methods： During April 1997 to April 1999, 98 cases of hlng cancer were surgically treated. The tumor specimens of the patients were stained by NE markers, i.e. neuron specific enolase （NSE） and synaptophysin （SY）. The intensity of NE markers reaction was divided as ＂＋＂. ＂＋＋＂. ＂＋＋＋＂ scale groups. The same specimens were also examined under an electron microscope for the specific neuroendocrine granules. All enrolled patients were followed up for 36 months, and the longest follow-up time was 60 months. The COX proportional hazard model multivariate analysis was applied to observe the relationship between the NSCLE-NE and the patients＇ postoperative survival. Results： In 91 cases of NSCLC, 63.7% （58/91） were positive for NE stain reaction. Among them, 59.3% （54/91） were positive for NSE and 24.1% （22/91） for SY. 48.4% （44/91） were considered as NSCLC-NE by the combination of NE inarker stain reaction and electron microscopic examination. COX proportional hazard model lnnltivariate analysis showed that the NSCLC-NE patients＇ survival was significantly shortened （P=0.048）. The following factors were related to NSCLC-NE patients＇ survival： lung cancer cell differentiation （P=0.006）, clinical lung cancer stage （P=0.001）, the NE markers reaction （P=0.054）. Conclusion： NSCLE-NE is significantly related to the cancer cell differentiation and the patients＇ postoperative survival. The NE markers should be applied clinically as one of prognostic factors to evaluate the postoperative survival of NSCLC patients.
文摘AIMS To study the quantitative ultrastucture of neu- roendocrine cells of gastric mucosa on normal anc pathological conditions including the duodenal ulcer (DU) and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). METHODS The neuroendocrine cells of the gastric mucosa of eight normal subjects,six patients with DU and five patients with ZES were quantitatively investi- gated with electro microscope and ultrastructure image analyzer. RESULTS The volume density of neuroendocrine cells in DU was 1.3% and 0.8% (vs 1.6% and 0.9%,P>0.05) in gastric antrum and corpus respectively. In antrum,G cells was of 65% (P< 0.05),D cells decreased in cell density (3% vs 9.5%) and in number of cell per unit area (P<0.01). In corpus,the cell density of ECL cells increased (49% vs 30%,P<0.05);D cells and EC cells decreasec (2% P<0.01 and 4% P<0.05,respectively),and the number of D cell per unit area markedly decreased. In ZES,D cells in corpus decreased in cell density (4% vs 22%,P<0.01) and P cells also decreased (11% vs 24%,P<0.05). The density of ECL cells increased (65% vs 30%,P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS In DU and ZES,both the number and type of NE cells present some changes. Incresed gastrin in DU and ZES patients may be caused by the decrease of D cells and somatostatin secretion.
