Somatostatinomas are extremely rare neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract,f irst described in the pancreas in 1977 and in the duodenum in 1979.They may be functional and cause somatostatinoma or inhibi-t...Somatostatinomas are extremely rare neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract,f irst described in the pancreas in 1977 and in the duodenum in 1979.They may be functional and cause somatostatinoma or inhibi-tory syndrome,but more frequently are non-functioning pancreatic endocrine tumors that produce somatostatin alone.They are usually single,malignant,large lesions,frequently associated with metastases,and generally with poor prognosis.We present the unique case of a 57-year-old woman with two synchronous non-function-ing somatostatinomas,one solid duodenal lesion and one cystic lesion within the head of the pancreas,that were successfully resected with a pylorus-preserving Whipple's procedure.No secondaries were found in the liver,or in any of the removed regional lymph nodes.The patient had an uneventful recovery,and remains well and symptom-free at 18 mo postoperatively.This is an extremely rare case of a patient with two synchro-nous somatostatinomas of the duodenum and the pancreas.The condition is discussed with reference to the literature.展开更多
Cross border traders make a major contribution to the growth of economies in Southern Africa. Cross border trade is a source of livelihood for many poor people, especially women. However, few studies examined challeng...Cross border traders make a major contribution to the growth of economies in Southern Africa. Cross border trade is a source of livelihood for many poor people, especially women. However, few studies examined challenges facing cross border traders and future business prospects.The aim of this paper is to examine the challenges that face Zimbabwean cross border traders in South Africa. The paper goes further to review existing literature as well as empirical studies in order to identify the major challenges that face Zimbabwean cross border traders. Among the challenges noted are crime, harassment due to xenophobia, traders are often stigmatized as ＂prostitutes＂ or ＂smugglers＂, accommodation problems, extortion and bribery by the South African Police and municipal police officials, delays at the border post during peak periods and banks that close early and also do not operate on Sundays. The Zimbabwean Cross Border Traders Association should build office in Musina and Johannesburg so that members can easily consult with the association in times of problems and also help with marketing information like distribution of brochures showcasing Zimbabwean products sold by cross border traders and also organize fairs where Zimbabwean traders can display their products. Furthermore cases of harassment by police officials should be investigated and dealt with. Banks that do have branches at the border posts are also urged to provide 24 hour service to cross border traders.展开更多
In this paper, we first examine various causes of China＇s unexpected low economic growth rate since the beginning of 2012. Particularly, we propose the possibility of one tendency masking the other tendency. That is,...In this paper, we first examine various causes of China＇s unexpected low economic growth rate since the beginning of 2012. Particularly, we propose the possibility of one tendency masking the other tendency. That is, there is a tendency of neglecting and downplaying GDP while making fewer efforts to develop economy in some regions that oppose GDP worship and irrational pursuit of and competition for GDP,, which deserves our full attention. We further propose in this paper that the decline of China＇s potential economic growth rate should keep a gradual process and the government should favor consumption while not overlooking investment, given that a certain amount of moderate investment will remain the key impetus to China＇s economic growth over a certain period in the future.展开更多
文摘Somatostatinomas are extremely rare neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract,f irst described in the pancreas in 1977 and in the duodenum in 1979.They may be functional and cause somatostatinoma or inhibi-tory syndrome,but more frequently are non-functioning pancreatic endocrine tumors that produce somatostatin alone.They are usually single,malignant,large lesions,frequently associated with metastases,and generally with poor prognosis.We present the unique case of a 57-year-old woman with two synchronous non-function-ing somatostatinomas,one solid duodenal lesion and one cystic lesion within the head of the pancreas,that were successfully resected with a pylorus-preserving Whipple's procedure.No secondaries were found in the liver,or in any of the removed regional lymph nodes.The patient had an uneventful recovery,and remains well and symptom-free at 18 mo postoperatively.This is an extremely rare case of a patient with two synchro-nous somatostatinomas of the duodenum and the pancreas.The condition is discussed with reference to the literature.
文摘Cross border traders make a major contribution to the growth of economies in Southern Africa. Cross border trade is a source of livelihood for many poor people, especially women. However, few studies examined challenges facing cross border traders and future business prospects.The aim of this paper is to examine the challenges that face Zimbabwean cross border traders in South Africa. The paper goes further to review existing literature as well as empirical studies in order to identify the major challenges that face Zimbabwean cross border traders. Among the challenges noted are crime, harassment due to xenophobia, traders are often stigmatized as ＂prostitutes＂ or ＂smugglers＂, accommodation problems, extortion and bribery by the South African Police and municipal police officials, delays at the border post during peak periods and banks that close early and also do not operate on Sundays. The Zimbabwean Cross Border Traders Association should build office in Musina and Johannesburg so that members can easily consult with the association in times of problems and also help with marketing information like distribution of brochures showcasing Zimbabwean products sold by cross border traders and also organize fairs where Zimbabwean traders can display their products. Furthermore cases of harassment by police officials should be investigated and dealt with. Banks that do have branches at the border posts are also urged to provide 24 hour service to cross border traders.
文摘In this paper, we first examine various causes of China＇s unexpected low economic growth rate since the beginning of 2012. Particularly, we propose the possibility of one tendency masking the other tendency. That is, there is a tendency of neglecting and downplaying GDP while making fewer efforts to develop economy in some regions that oppose GDP worship and irrational pursuit of and competition for GDP,, which deserves our full attention. We further propose in this paper that the decline of China＇s potential economic growth rate should keep a gradual process and the government should favor consumption while not overlooking investment, given that a certain amount of moderate investment will remain the key impetus to China＇s economic growth over a certain period in the future.
