AIM： To investigate the functions of promoter hypermethylation of secreted frizzled-related proteins （sFRPs） genes in colorectal tumorigenesis and progression. METHODS： The promoter hypermethylation and expression...AIM： To investigate the functions of promoter hypermethylation of secreted frizzled-related proteins （sFRPs） genes in colorectal tumorigenesis and progression. METHODS： The promoter hypermethylation and expression of sFRP genes in 72 sporadic colorectal carcinomas, 33 adenomas, 18 aberrant crypt foci （ACF） and colorectal cancer cell lines RKO, HCT116 and SW480 were detected by methylation-specific PCR and reverse transcription PCR, respectively. RESULTS： None of the normal colorectal mucosa tissues showed methylated bands of any of four sFRP genes, sFRP1, 2, 4 and 5 were frequently methylated in colorectal carcinoma, adenoma and ACF （sFRP1 〉 85%, sFRP2 〉75%, sFRP5 〉 50%）, and the differences between three colorectal tissues were not significant （P 〉 0.05）. IVlethylation in colorectal tumors was more frequent than in normal mucosa and adjacent normal mucosa. The mRNA of sFRP1-5 genes was expressed in all normal colorectal mucosa samples. Expression of sFRP1, 2, 4 and 5 and sFRP1, 2 and 5 was downregulated in carcinoma and adenoma, respectively. The downregulation of sFRP2, 4 and 5 was more frequent in carcinoma than in adenoma. Expression of sFRP3 which promoter has no CpG island was downregulated in only a few of colorectal tumor samples （7/105）. The downregulation ofsFRP1, 2, 4 and 5 expression was significantly associated with promoter hypermethylation in colorectal tumor. After cells were treated by DAC/TSA combination, the silenced sFRP mRNA expression could be effectively re-expressed in colorectal cancer cell lines. CONCLUSION： Hypermethylation of sFRP genes is a common early event in the evolution of colorectal tumor, occurring frequently in ACF, which is regarded as the earliest lesion of multistage colorectal carcinogenesis. It appears to functionally silence sFRP genes expression. Methylation of sFRP1, 2 and 5 genes might serve as indicators for colorectal tumor.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the effects of dietary fiber (DF) as a part of enteral nutrition (EN) formula on diarrhea, infection, and length of hospital stay. METHODS: Following electronic databases were searched for randomized ...AIM: To evaluate the effects of dietary fiber (DF) as a part of enteral nutrition (EN) formula on diarrhea, infection, and length of hospital stay. METHODS: Following electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials about DF: Chinese Biomedicine Database (CBM), MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. RevMan 4.1 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Seven randomized controlled trials with 400 pat-ients were included. The supplement of DF in EN was compared with standard enteral formula in five trials. Combined analysis did not show a significant reduction in occurrence of diarrhea, but there were valuable results for non-critically ill patients. Combined analysis of two trials observing the infection also did not show any valid evidence that DF could decrease the infection rate, though the length of hospital stay was reduced significantly. CONCLUSION: Based on the current eligible randomized controlled trials, there is no evidence that the value of DF in the diarrhea can be proved. Though length of hospital stay was shortened by the use of DF, there is no available evidence in preventing infection by DF. Further studies are needed for evaluating the value of DF in EN.展开更多
Internal model control （IMC） yields very good performance for set point tracking, but gives sluggish response for disturbance rejection problem. A two-degree-of-freedom IMC （2DOF-IMC） has been developed to overcom...Internal model control （IMC） yields very good performance for set point tracking, but gives sluggish response for disturbance rejection problem. A two-degree-of-freedom IMC （2DOF-IMC） has been developed to overcome the weakness. However, the setting of parameter becomes a complicated matter if there is an uncertainty model. The present study proposes a new tuning method for the controller. The proposed tuning method consists of three steps. Firstly, the worst case of the model uncertainty is determined. Secondly, the parameter of set point con- troller using maximum peak （Mp） criteria is specified, and finally, the parameter of the disturbance rejection con- troller using gain margin （GM） criteria is obtained. The proposed method is denoted as Mp-GM tuning method. The effectiveness of Mp-GM tuning method has evaluated and compared with IMC-controller tuning program （IMCTUNE） as bench mark. The evaluation and comparison have been done through the simulation on a number of first order plus dead time （FOPDT） and higher order processes. The FOPDT process tested includes processes with controllability ratio in the range 0.7 to 2.5. The higher processes include second order with underdarnped and third order with nonminimum phase processes. Although the two of higher order processes are considered as difficult processes, the proposed Mp-GM tuning method are able to obtain the good controller parameter even under process uncertainties.展开更多
AIM: To report the clinical experiences in the application of clip-assisted endoscopic method for nasoenteric feeding in patients with gastroparesis and patients with gastroesophageal wounds, and to compare the effica...AIM: To report the clinical experiences in the application of clip-assisted endoscopic method for nasoenteric feeding in patients with gastroparesis and patients with gastroesophageal wounds, and to compare the efficacy of nasoenteric feeding in these two indications. METHODS: From April 2002 to January 2004,21 consecutive patients with gastroparesis or gastroesophageal wounds were enrolled and received nasoenteric feeding for nutritional support. A clip-assisted method was used to place the nasoenteric tubes. Outcomes in the two groups were compared with respect to the successful rate of enteral feeding, percentage of recommended energy intake (REI), and complication rates. RESULTS: The gastroparesis group included 13 patients with major burns (n = 7), trauma (n = 2), congestive heart failure (n = 2) and post-surgery gastric stasis syndrome (n = 2). The esophageogastric wound group included eight patients with tracheoesophageal fistula (n = 2) and wound leakage following gastric surgery (n = 6). Two study groups were similar in feeding successful rates (84.6% vs 75.0%). There were also no differences in the percentage of REI between groups (79.4% vs 78.6%). Additionally, no complications occurred in any of the study groups. CONCLUSION: Nasoenteric feeding is a useful method to provide nutritional support to most of the patients with gastroparesis who cannot tolerate nasogastric tube feeding and to the cases who need bypass feeding for esophageogastric wounds.展开更多
AIM： To investigate the implication of the hypoxia inducible factor HIF-1α mRNA in gastric carcinoma and its relation to the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） protein, tumor angiogenesis inva...AIM： To investigate the implication of the hypoxia inducible factor HIF-1α mRNA in gastric carcinoma and its relation to the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） protein, tumor angiogenesis invasion/metastasis and the patient＇s survival. METHODS： In situ hybridization was used to examine expression of HIF-1α mRNA, and immunohistochemical staining was used to examine expression of VEGF protein and CD34 in 118 specimens from patients with gastric carcinoma. RESULTS： The positive rates of HIF-1α mRNA and VEGF protein were 49.15% and 55.92%, respectively. Positive expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF in stage T3-T4 tumors and those with vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were dramatically stronger than stage T1-T2 cases and those without vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. The mean microvascular density （MVD） in stage T3-T4 tumors and those with vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis was significantly higher than stage T1-T2 tumors and those without vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. The mean MVD in tumors with positive HIF-1α and VEGF expression was significantly higher than that in tumors with negative HIF-1α and VEGF expression. The expression of HIF- 1α was positively correlated with VEGF protein. There were positive correlations between MVD and expression of HIF-1α and VEGF. The mean survival time and the S-year survival rate in cases with positive expression HIF-1α and VEGF and MVD value ≥ 41.5/0.72 mm^2 were significantly lower than those with negative expression of HIF-1α and VEGF and MVD value 〈 41.5/0.72 mm^2. CONCLUSION： Overexpression of HIF-1α is found in gastric carcinoma. HIF-1α may induce the angiogenesis in gastric carcinoma by upregulating the transcription of VEGF gene, and take part in tumor invasion and metastasis. They can be used as prognostic markers of gastric cancer in clinical practice.展开更多
Intracellular protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is ATP dependent, and the optimal ATP concentration to activate proteasome function in vitro is -100 μM. IntraceUular ATP levels are generally in t...Intracellular protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is ATP dependent, and the optimal ATP concentration to activate proteasome function in vitro is -100 μM. IntraceUular ATP levels are generally in the low millimolar range, but ATP at a level within this range was shown to inhibit proteasome peptidase activities in vitro. Here, we report new evidence that supports a hypothesis that intracellular ATP at the physiological levels bidirectionally regulates 26S proteasome proteolytic function in the cell. First, we confirmed that ATP exerted bidirectional regulation on the 26S proteasome in vitro, with the optimal ATP concentration （between 50 and 100μM） stimulating proteasome chymotrypsin-like activities. Second, we found that manipulating intracellular ATP levels also led to bidirectional changes in the levels of proteasome-specific protein substrates in cultured cells. Finally, measures to increase intracellular ATP enhanced, while decreasing intraceHular ATP attenuated the ability of proteasome inhibition to induce cell death. These data strongly suggest that endogenous ATP within the physiological concentration range can exert a negative impact on proteasome activities, allowing the cell to rapidly upregulate proteasome activity on ATP reduction under stress conditions.展开更多
To evaluate the effects of acupuncture for treatment of climacteric syndrome.Methods:The 65 cases in this series were randomly assigned to the acupuncture group (N=35) and the control group (N=30), with the former tre...To evaluate the effects of acupuncture for treatment of climacteric syndrome.Methods:The 65 cases in this series were randomly assigned to the acupuncture group (N=35) and the control group (N=30), with the former treated by acupuncture and the latter by medication respectively.The therapeutic effects were evaluated by means of the clinical outcome,improvement in the symptom scores and the results of radioimmunoassays.Results:In the acupuncture group,12 cases were cured,16 cases markedly effective,and 6 cases improved,the total effective rate being as high as 97.14%.The decrease in the symptom scores,and especially the elevation of the decreased E_2 level and the decrease of the increased FSH and LH levels, demonstrated that acupuncture therapy was superior to medication.Conclusion:Acupuncture for regulating the mental activities and reinforcing the kidney is an effective therapy for climacteric syndrome.展开更多
The effects of changing salinity and nitrogen limitation on dimethylsulfoniopropionate(DMSP) and dimethylsulfide(DMS) concentrations were investigated in batch cultures of coastal diatom Skeletonema costatum,an ecolog...The effects of changing salinity and nitrogen limitation on dimethylsulfoniopropionate(DMSP) and dimethylsulfide(DMS) concentrations were investigated in batch cultures of coastal diatom Skeletonema costatum,an ecologically important species.Changes in salinity from 20-32 caused no measurable variation in cell growth or culture yield,but increased intracellular DMSP per cell by 30%.Nitrogen limitation caused up to a two-fold increase in total DMSP per cell and up to a three-fold increase in DMS per cell.These changes in DMSP and DMS per cell in the Skeletonema costatum cultures with nitrogen limitation and changing salinity were primarily attributed to the physiological functions of DMSP as an osmolyte and an antioxidant.The data obtained in this study indicated that nitrogen limitation and salinity may play an important role in climate feedback mechanisms involving biologically derived DMS.展开更多
A series of non-woven fabrics were fabricated by blending S0- 80wt% of thennoregulated fibres containing n-elcosane, n-nonadecane or n-octadecane with 0 - 40wt% PET fibres and 0- 20wt% PP fibres. The phase change prop...A series of non-woven fabrics were fabricated by blending S0- 80wt% of thennoregulated fibres containing n-elcosane, n-nonadecane or n-octadecane with 0 - 40wt% PET fibres and 0- 20wt% PP fibres. The phase change properties, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, heat flux and inner temperature difference between wool felt and the thermoregulated non-woven fabrics of the non-woven fabrics were measured respectively. The thereto-regulated non-woven fabrics absorb heat at 25- 34℃ and release heat at 10- 25℃. The measured highest enthalpy of the non-woven is approximately 18J/g. During a heating process, heat flux of the non-woven fabrics is composed of three parts, heat absorbed by the cold textile touching the hot plate, heat transmitted from the hot plate to the cold plate, and the heat absorbed by PCM from the hot plate during the phase change process. The measured maximum inner temperature difference in a temperature rising process between the wool felt and the thermo-regulated non-woven fabric is approximately 8℃. The inner temperature difference （Tr-Ts〉0） lasts 16 - 45 min By contrary, the measured maximum inner temperature difference in the temperature decreasing process is approximately - 6. 5℃. The inner temperature difference （Tr-Ts〈0） lasts 16 - 50 min, The temperature regulation properties are obviously observed.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30470755)Scientific Research Foundation of Department of Public Health,Hunan Province,China(No.B2008-073)
基金Supported by the Special-purpose Scientific Research Foundation for University Doctorate Project of the Ministry of Education of China, No. 301090255
文摘AIM： To investigate the functions of promoter hypermethylation of secreted frizzled-related proteins （sFRPs） genes in colorectal tumorigenesis and progression. METHODS： The promoter hypermethylation and expression of sFRP genes in 72 sporadic colorectal carcinomas, 33 adenomas, 18 aberrant crypt foci （ACF） and colorectal cancer cell lines RKO, HCT116 and SW480 were detected by methylation-specific PCR and reverse transcription PCR, respectively. RESULTS： None of the normal colorectal mucosa tissues showed methylated bands of any of four sFRP genes, sFRP1, 2, 4 and 5 were frequently methylated in colorectal carcinoma, adenoma and ACF （sFRP1 〉 85%, sFRP2 〉75%, sFRP5 〉 50%）, and the differences between three colorectal tissues were not significant （P 〉 0.05）. IVlethylation in colorectal tumors was more frequent than in normal mucosa and adjacent normal mucosa. The mRNA of sFRP1-5 genes was expressed in all normal colorectal mucosa samples. Expression of sFRP1, 2, 4 and 5 and sFRP1, 2 and 5 was downregulated in carcinoma and adenoma, respectively. The downregulation of sFRP2, 4 and 5 was more frequent in carcinoma than in adenoma. Expression of sFRP3 which promoter has no CpG island was downregulated in only a few of colorectal tumor samples （7/105）. The downregulation ofsFRP1, 2, 4 and 5 expression was significantly associated with promoter hypermethylation in colorectal tumor. After cells were treated by DAC/TSA combination, the silenced sFRP mRNA expression could be effectively re-expressed in colorectal cancer cell lines. CONCLUSION： Hypermethylation of sFRP genes is a common early event in the evolution of colorectal tumor, occurring frequently in ACF, which is regarded as the earliest lesion of multistage colorectal carcinogenesis. It appears to functionally silence sFRP genes expression. Methylation of sFRP1, 2 and 5 genes might serve as indicators for colorectal tumor.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the effects of dietary fiber (DF) as a part of enteral nutrition (EN) formula on diarrhea, infection, and length of hospital stay. METHODS: Following electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials about DF: Chinese Biomedicine Database (CBM), MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Controlled Trials Register. RevMan 4.1 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Seven randomized controlled trials with 400 pat-ients were included. The supplement of DF in EN was compared with standard enteral formula in five trials. Combined analysis did not show a significant reduction in occurrence of diarrhea, but there were valuable results for non-critically ill patients. Combined analysis of two trials observing the infection also did not show any valid evidence that DF could decrease the infection rate, though the length of hospital stay was reduced significantly. CONCLUSION: Based on the current eligible randomized controlled trials, there is no evidence that the value of DF in the diarrhea can be proved. Though length of hospital stay was shortened by the use of DF, there is no available evidence in preventing infection by DF. Further studies are needed for evaluating the value of DF in EN.
基金Supported by Postgraduate Fellowship of UMP,Fundamental Research Grant Scheme of Malaysia(GRS070120)Joint Research Grant between Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP) and Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS) Surabaya
文摘Internal model control （IMC） yields very good performance for set point tracking, but gives sluggish response for disturbance rejection problem. A two-degree-of-freedom IMC （2DOF-IMC） has been developed to overcome the weakness. However, the setting of parameter becomes a complicated matter if there is an uncertainty model. The present study proposes a new tuning method for the controller. The proposed tuning method consists of three steps. Firstly, the worst case of the model uncertainty is determined. Secondly, the parameter of set point con- troller using maximum peak （Mp） criteria is specified, and finally, the parameter of the disturbance rejection con- troller using gain margin （GM） criteria is obtained. The proposed method is denoted as Mp-GM tuning method. The effectiveness of Mp-GM tuning method has evaluated and compared with IMC-controller tuning program （IMCTUNE） as bench mark. The evaluation and comparison have been done through the simulation on a number of first order plus dead time （FOPDT） and higher order processes. The FOPDT process tested includes processes with controllability ratio in the range 0.7 to 2.5. The higher processes include second order with underdarnped and third order with nonminimum phase processes. Although the two of higher order processes are considered as difficult processes, the proposed Mp-GM tuning method are able to obtain the good controller parameter even under process uncertainties.
基金Supported by the Grants from the Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital (VGHSU-93-26)
文摘AIM: To report the clinical experiences in the application of clip-assisted endoscopic method for nasoenteric feeding in patients with gastroparesis and patients with gastroesophageal wounds, and to compare the efficacy of nasoenteric feeding in these two indications. METHODS: From April 2002 to January 2004,21 consecutive patients with gastroparesis or gastroesophageal wounds were enrolled and received nasoenteric feeding for nutritional support. A clip-assisted method was used to place the nasoenteric tubes. Outcomes in the two groups were compared with respect to the successful rate of enteral feeding, percentage of recommended energy intake (REI), and complication rates. RESULTS: The gastroparesis group included 13 patients with major burns (n = 7), trauma (n = 2), congestive heart failure (n = 2) and post-surgery gastric stasis syndrome (n = 2). The esophageogastric wound group included eight patients with tracheoesophageal fistula (n = 2) and wound leakage following gastric surgery (n = 6). Two study groups were similar in feeding successful rates (84.6% vs 75.0%). There were also no differences in the percentage of REI between groups (79.4% vs 78.6%). Additionally, no complications occurred in any of the study groups. CONCLUSION: Nasoenteric feeding is a useful method to provide nutritional support to most of the patients with gastroparesis who cannot tolerate nasogastric tube feeding and to the cases who need bypass feeding for esophageogastric wounds.
基金grant from Zhejiang Province Natural Science Foundation, No. M303843
文摘AIM： To investigate the implication of the hypoxia inducible factor HIF-1α mRNA in gastric carcinoma and its relation to the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor （VEGF） protein, tumor angiogenesis invasion/metastasis and the patient＇s survival. METHODS： In situ hybridization was used to examine expression of HIF-1α mRNA, and immunohistochemical staining was used to examine expression of VEGF protein and CD34 in 118 specimens from patients with gastric carcinoma. RESULTS： The positive rates of HIF-1α mRNA and VEGF protein were 49.15% and 55.92%, respectively. Positive expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF in stage T3-T4 tumors and those with vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis were dramatically stronger than stage T1-T2 cases and those without vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. The mean microvascular density （MVD） in stage T3-T4 tumors and those with vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis was significantly higher than stage T1-T2 tumors and those without vessel invasion, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. The mean MVD in tumors with positive HIF-1α and VEGF expression was significantly higher than that in tumors with negative HIF-1α and VEGF expression. The expression of HIF- 1α was positively correlated with VEGF protein. There were positive correlations between MVD and expression of HIF-1α and VEGF. The mean survival time and the S-year survival rate in cases with positive expression HIF-1α and VEGF and MVD value ≥ 41.5/0.72 mm^2 were significantly lower than those with negative expression of HIF-1α and VEGF and MVD value 〈 41.5/0.72 mm^2. CONCLUSION： Overexpression of HIF-1α is found in gastric carcinoma. HIF-1α may induce the angiogenesis in gastric carcinoma by upregulating the transcription of VEGF gene, and take part in tumor invasion and metastasis. They can be used as prognostic markers of gastric cancer in clinical practice.
基金Acknowledgments This work was supported by the National High Technol- ogy Research and Development Program of China （Project 2006AA02Z4B5）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Project 2010）, and a Key Project （9251018201002） of Guangdong Province Natural Science Foundation （to JL）. It was also supported in part by Grants HL072166, HL085629, and HL068936 of the NIH and an Established Investigator Award （0740025N） of the American Heart Association （to XW）.
文摘Intracellular protein degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system is ATP dependent, and the optimal ATP concentration to activate proteasome function in vitro is -100 μM. IntraceUular ATP levels are generally in the low millimolar range, but ATP at a level within this range was shown to inhibit proteasome peptidase activities in vitro. Here, we report new evidence that supports a hypothesis that intracellular ATP at the physiological levels bidirectionally regulates 26S proteasome proteolytic function in the cell. First, we confirmed that ATP exerted bidirectional regulation on the 26S proteasome in vitro, with the optimal ATP concentration （between 50 and 100μM） stimulating proteasome chymotrypsin-like activities. Second, we found that manipulating intracellular ATP levels also led to bidirectional changes in the levels of proteasome-specific protein substrates in cultured cells. Finally, measures to increase intracellular ATP enhanced, while decreasing intraceHular ATP attenuated the ability of proteasome inhibition to induce cell death. These data strongly suggest that endogenous ATP within the physiological concentration range can exert a negative impact on proteasome activities, allowing the cell to rapidly upregulate proteasome activity on ATP reduction under stress conditions.
文摘To evaluate the effects of acupuncture for treatment of climacteric syndrome.Methods:The 65 cases in this series were randomly assigned to the acupuncture group (N=35) and the control group (N=30), with the former treated by acupuncture and the latter by medication respectively.The therapeutic effects were evaluated by means of the clinical outcome,improvement in the symptom scores and the results of radioimmunoassays.Results:In the acupuncture group,12 cases were cured,16 cases markedly effective,and 6 cases improved,the total effective rate being as high as 97.14%.The decrease in the symptom scores,and especially the elevation of the decreased E_2 level and the decrease of the increased FSH and LH levels, demonstrated that acupuncture therapy was superior to medication.Conclusion:Acupuncture for regulating the mental activities and reinforcing the kidney is an effective therapy for climacteric syndrome.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos. 41030858 and 40525017)the Changjiang Scholars Program,Ministry of Education of China,the Science and Technology Key Project of Shandong Province (No. 2006GG2205024)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province
文摘The effects of changing salinity and nitrogen limitation on dimethylsulfoniopropionate(DMSP) and dimethylsulfide(DMS) concentrations were investigated in batch cultures of coastal diatom Skeletonema costatum,an ecologically important species.Changes in salinity from 20-32 caused no measurable variation in cell growth or culture yield,but increased intracellular DMSP per cell by 30%.Nitrogen limitation caused up to a two-fold increase in total DMSP per cell and up to a three-fold increase in DMS per cell.These changes in DMSP and DMS per cell in the Skeletonema costatum cultures with nitrogen limitation and changing salinity were primarily attributed to the physiological functions of DMSP as an osmolyte and an antioxidant.The data obtained in this study indicated that nitrogen limitation and salinity may play an important role in climate feedback mechanisms involving biologically derived DMS.
基金the financial supports from The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(the Area of Strategic Development Project,No A180) the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No50073015).
文摘A series of non-woven fabrics were fabricated by blending S0- 80wt% of thennoregulated fibres containing n-elcosane, n-nonadecane or n-octadecane with 0 - 40wt% PET fibres and 0- 20wt% PP fibres. The phase change properties, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, heat flux and inner temperature difference between wool felt and the thermoregulated non-woven fabrics of the non-woven fabrics were measured respectively. The thereto-regulated non-woven fabrics absorb heat at 25- 34℃ and release heat at 10- 25℃. The measured highest enthalpy of the non-woven is approximately 18J/g. During a heating process, heat flux of the non-woven fabrics is composed of three parts, heat absorbed by the cold textile touching the hot plate, heat transmitted from the hot plate to the cold plate, and the heat absorbed by PCM from the hot plate during the phase change process. The measured maximum inner temperature difference in a temperature rising process between the wool felt and the thermo-regulated non-woven fabric is approximately 8℃. The inner temperature difference （Tr-Ts〉0） lasts 16 - 45 min By contrary, the measured maximum inner temperature difference in the temperature decreasing process is approximately - 6. 5℃. The inner temperature difference （Tr-Ts〈0） lasts 16 - 50 min, The temperature regulation properties are obviously observed.
