Screening of the Gene for Chlorella Identification and Identification of oil-producing Microalgae

[Objective] The aim was to select suitable gene for Chlorella identification and to identify the oil-producing microalgae.[Method] Four candidate gene sequences,the nuclear genomic rDNA of the 18S rRNA gene,internal transcribed spacer（ITS）,internal transcribed spacer Ⅱ（ITS Ⅱ）and the chloroplast rbcL gene,were selected for Chlorella molecular identification.Through these four candidate genes,the genetic variability and distinguish ability between intra-species and inter-species was analyzed to choose the right genes for identification of the high oil-content Chlorella.On this basis,application of these gene segments were classified and identified for five fresh-water isolated Chlorella,which oil-content is more than 30%.[Result] ITS gene was a suitable gene because of its high variation and short fragment length,meanwhile its genetic distance intra-species（0.439 6±0.135 9）was larger than inter-species（0.045 7±0.084 3）.Its sequence length varied between different species whereas highly conserved in the same species.By the application of ITS sequences,respectively,five high oil-content stains were identified as one C.vulgaris,two strains of C.sorokiniana and two strains of algae Chlorella sp.[Conclusion] This study had provided reference for the establishment of identification gene pool of Chlorella.

Distance Transform Based Enhancement for Linear Interpolated Images

An approach of distane map based imageenhancement (DMIE) is proposed. It is applied toconventional interpolations to get sharp images. Edgedetection is performed after images are interpolatedby linear interpolations. To meet the two conditionsset for DMIE, i. e., no abrupt changes and no over-boosting, different boosting rate should be used inadjusting pixel intensities. When the boosting rate isdetermined by using the distance from enhancedpixels to nearest edges, edge-oriented imageenhancement is obtained. By using Erosion technique,the range for pixel intensity adiustment is set.Over-enhancement is avoided by limiting the pixel iutensities in enhancement within the range. A unifled linear-time algoritiml for disance transform is adopted to deal with the calculation of Euelidean distance of the images.Its computation complexity is 0(N).After the preparation,i.e.,distance transforming and erosion,the images get more and more sharpened while no over.boosting.Occurs by repeating the enhancement procedure ,The simplicity of the enhancement operation makes DMIE suitable for enhancement rate adjusting

Clinical study of three dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with intracavitary brachytherapy in the treatment of cervical cancer

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcome and complications of cervical cancer patients undergoing conventional intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) treated with 3D-conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT). Methods: Sixty cervical cancer patients were divided randomly into the conformal group and the conventional group. Thirty patients treated with 3D-conformal radiotherapy in the 3DCRT group, when the whole pelvic received DT 40 Gy, a planning CT scan of each patient was obtained and the second 3DCRT therapy plan was taken. Then, continued to irradiate to 50 Gy. At last, 3DCRT was boosted at local involved volumes to the total dose of 60 Gy. When 3DCRT was combined with intracavitary brachytherapy, the dose of brachytherapy to point A was 30 Gy/5 fractions. In the conventional group, after a total tumor dose of 40 Gy was delivered by the whole pelvic irradiation, the four-field technique was used to irradiate the total pelvic and regional nodes (median dose of 10 Gy), and the involved volumes were boosted to 60 Gy and the dose of brachytherapy to point A was 30 Gy-36 Gy/5-6 fractions. Moreover, both groups were combined with intracavitary brachytherapy respectively. Results: The 1, 2, 3-year survival rates for the 3DCRT group and the conventional group were 96.7%, 93.3%, 90.0% and 86.6%, 76.7%, 70% respectively (P = 0.04, P = 0.02 and P = 0.02). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Compared to the two groups each other in toxic effects, except for the I-II grade rectal and bladder reaction and pelvic fibrosis which was lower in the 3DCRT group (P = 0. 007, P = 0. 006 and P = 0. 015), the side effects were similar and well tolerated in two groups. Conclusion: The all-course 3DCRT combined with intracavitary brachytherapy can be considered as an effective and feasible approach to cervical cancer and may significantly improve the survival rate and reduce the late toxicity. This new role for 3DCRT merits need further evaluation with large patient numbers and longer follows up.

The Convergence Analysis on the Economic Growth and Energy Intensity Gap between Regional Sectors

In this paper,the authors have analyzed the relationship between energy intensity gap and GDP per worker gap of China's western and eastern provinces over the period 1997-2006.Using panel data model with lag adjustment,taking the above provinces and six industrial sectors (agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,and fisheries,industry,construction industry,transport,storage and post & telecommunications,wholesale and retail trades & catering industry,and other sectors of tertiary industry.) as the investigated subjects,the authors have conducted empirical study on the convergence of GDP per worker gap and the convergence of energy intensity gap with respect to the variation of GDP per worker gap,and have concluded that:First,the GDP per worker gap of the six industrial sectors and provinces are convergent,and of this,the convergence rate of GDP per worker gap of Construction Industry is the fastest,while that of Industry is the slowest.Second,the overall energy intensity gap between eastern and western provinces is convergent,that is,with the narrowing of GDP per worker gap between eastern and western provinces,the energy intensity gap converges,but its convergence rate is slower than that of GDP per worker gap.Third,energy intensity gap between various industrial sectors of the east and the west is either convergent or divergent,and there are differences.The energy intensity gap of agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry,and fisheries,industry,and construction industry is convergent,while that of the other three industrial sectors is divergent.Fourth,the convergence of the overall energy intensity of the western provinces is not in conformity with the convergence of the various industrial sectors,and there are significant differences,indicating that the western provinces and autonomous regions should take measures to more effectively improve their overall energy utilization efficiency at the industrial sector level.

Cyprus, the European Union and the Recent Crisis： Inspiration for New Processes of Convergence or Incentive for Regional Disparities？

In the EU （European Union）, Cyprus＇s problems aren＇t new. Ten years later, the same debate is being held all over again, just from a different point of view. It is emblematic of this current financial crisis because the banking system is much bigger than GDP （Gross Domestic Product）. Setting aside the sluggish economic performance, as well as the usual gap between northern and southern regions, people are uncomfortable with the EU. Getting the EU to finance a deficit is very tempting because it seems to be a politically and socially painless option, but can we count on the EU to devise such a smoothly running system？ Cyprus is interesting on many levels, from the debate concerning the limits of cohesion policy to the need of finding new solutions for the European periphery. It raises the question of whether a real fiscal and political union is possible, in light of the actual geoeconomic and geopolitical dynamics among the EU, Turkey, and Russia. The aim of this paper is to explore the possible mechanisms for an integration of Cyprus in order to go beyond fiscal burden sharing. It is an important starting point to paving the way to new policies and strategies for changing the objectives of economic convergence.

An International Comparative Analysis on China's Economic Growth and the Convergence in Energy Intensity Gap and Its Economic Mechanism

In this paper,the authors have empirically analyzed the convergence in per capita GDP gap and the convergence in the variation of energy intensity with respect to the change of per capita GDP between China and eight developed countries.Then,the authors run a regression on the impact of decisive factors of economic growth on energy intensity and its change,so as to find out the economic mechanism of energy intensity gap changing with respect to the variation of economic growth.This study concludes that:First,there is a convergence in per capita GDP gap between China and the eight developed countries.With the convergence in per capita GDP gap,the energy intensity gap between China and eight different countries also converge,and the convergence rate of the latter is faster than that of the former,i.e.if the per capita GDP gap between China and the eight developed countries decreases by 1%,the energy intensity gap between them will correspondingly decrease by 1.552%.Second,the energy intensity decreases with the improvement of industrial structure,the rising of energy prices,the advances of technology,and the expansion of investment in fixed assets,and it slightly increases with the increase of FDI.Third,the energy intensity gap between China and eight developed countries narrows with the lessening of the difference in fixed assets investment,energy prices,and technological progress between China and eight developed countries,yet increases with the narrowing of the difference in FDI,and has no significant correlation with the difference in industrial structure.Fourth,the narrowing of difference in per capita GDP between China and the eight developed countries can result in the lessening of energy intensity gap,whose economic mechanism is that the decisive factors,such as difference in investment,technology,and the competition mechanism of prices,which can determine the difference in economic growth,can significantly affect the energy intensity gap.

Hybrid ToA and IMU indoor localization system by various algorithms

In this paper, we integrate inertial navigation system (INS) with wireless sensor network (WSN) to enhance the accuracy of indoor localization. Inertial measurement unit (IMU), the core of the INS, measures the accelerated and angular rotated speed of moving objects. Meanwhile, the ranges from the object to beacons, which are sensor nodes with known coordinates, are collected by time of arrival (ToA) approach. These messages are simultaneously collected and transmitted to the terminal. At the terminal, we set up the state transition models and observation models. According to them, several recursive Bayesian algorithms are applied to producing position estimations. As shown in the experiments, all of three algorithms do not require constant moving speed and perform better than standalone ToA system or standalone IMU system. And within them, two algorithms can be applied for the tracking on any path which is not restricted by the requirement that the trajectory between the positions at two consecutive time steps is a straight line.

Regional Disparities in China's Mainland at Provincial Level Between 2000 and 2005

Based on the methodology provided by Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development,we analyze regional disparities in China's mainland at provincial level between 2000 and 2005.It regards regional GDP growth as the joint result of contribution of a number of factors,i.e.capital productivity,capital per manpower,specialization,employment rate,active population,and population.The results show that for all provincial units,capital per manpower is a dominant contributing factor to the growth of GDP per capita during the period from 2000 to 2005 while capital productivity has quite significant negative impacts.Specialization contributes differently in different provinces.In most provincial units,employment rate and age activity have a positive impact on growth of GDP per capita,though not very significantly.

A Formulation of Poincare's Intuitive Concept of Linear Continuum *

Henri Poincare's intuitive concept of the linear continuum was described by his famous remark which was noted by Bertrand Russell, and in which the notion of 'intimate bond' first appeared. This semi-expository paper gives an exposition of Poincare's remark, and also aims at a formulation of the intimate bond with the aid of introducing a kind of 'leap structure' into Robinson's *R as a supplemental construction. As a result, we obtain a kind of hyperstandard model that may be called 'Poincare continuum'.

Regional differences of urbanization in China and its driving factors

After more than 30 years of rapid urbanization, the overall urbanization rate of China reached 56.1% in 2015.However, despite China's rapid increase in its overall rate of urbanization, clear regional differences can be observed. Furthermore, inadequate research has been devoted to in-depth exploration of the regional differences in China's urbanization from a national perspective, as well as the internal factors that drive these differences. Using prefecture-level administrative units in China as the main research subject, this study illustrates the regional differences in urbanization by categorizing the divisions into four types based on their urbanization ratio and speed(high level: low speed; high level: high speed; low level: high speed; and low level: low speed). Next, we selected seven economic and geographic indicators and applied an ordered logit model to explore the driving factors of the regional differences in urbanization. A multiple linear regression model was then adopted to analyze the different impacts of these driving factors on regions with different urbanization types. The results showed that the regional differences in urbanization were significantly correlated to per capita GDP, industry location quotients, urban-rural income ratio,and time distance to major centers. In addition, with each type of urbanization, these factors were found to have a different driving effect. Specifically, the driving effect of per capita GDP and industry location quotients presented a marginally decreasing trend, while main road density appeared to have a more significant impact on cities with lower urbanization rates.