AIM:The purpose of this review is to describe the various aspects of primary gastric lymphoma and the treatment options currently available. METHODS:After a systematic search of Pubmed,Medscape and MDconsult,we review...AIM:The purpose of this review is to describe the various aspects of primary gastric lymphoma and the treatment options currently available. METHODS:After a systematic search of Pubmed,Medscape and MDconsult,we reviewed and retrieved literature regarding gastric lymphoma. RESULTS:Primary gastric lymphoma is rare however,the incidence of this malignancy is increasing.Chronic gastritis secondary to Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection has been considered a major predisposing factor for MALT lymphoma. Immune histochemical marker studies and molecular biology utilizing polymerase chain reaction have facilitated appropriate diagnosis and abolished the need for diagnostic surgical resection.Advances in imaging techniques including Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS) have helped evaluation of tumor extension and invasion. The clinical course and prognosis of this disease is dependent on histopathological sub-type and stage at the time of diagnosis.Controversy remains regarding the best treatment for early stages of this disease.Chemotherapy,surgery and combination have been studied and shared almost comparable results with survival rate of 70-90%.However,chemotherapy possesses the advantage of preserving gastric anatomy. Radiotherapy alone has been tried and showed good results. Stage IIIE,IVE disease treatment is solely by chemotherapy and surgical resection has been a remote consideration. CONCLUSION:We conclude that methods of diagnosis and staging of the primary gastric lymphoma have dramatically improved.The modalities of treatment are many and probably chemotherapy is superior because of high success rate, preservation of stomach and tolerable complications.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) as the main imaging modality in patients with moderate suspicion of common bile duct stones (CBDS).METHODS: 55 patients with moderate clinical ...AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) as the main imaging modality in patients with moderate suspicion of common bile duct stones (CBDS).METHODS: 55 patients with moderate clinical suspicion of CBDS were prospectively included to the study and evaluated with EUS. This study was done in single blind method in the clinical and biochemical data of patients. EUS was done with echo-endoscope Pentax FG 32-UA (f=5-7,5 MHz) and Hitachi EUB 405 ultrasound machine. Patients diagnosed with CBDS by EUS were excluded from this study and treated with ERC. All the other patients were included to the follow up study obtained by mail every 6 months for clinical evaluation (need of ERC or surgery).RESULTS: CBDS was found in 4 patients by EUS. Diagnosis was confirmed in all cases on ERC. The remaining 51 patients without CBDS on EUS were followed up for 6-26 months (meanly 13 months) There were: 40 women, 42cholecystectomized patients, aged: 55 (mean). Biochemical values (mean values) were as follows: bilirubin: 14,9 μmol.L-1,alkaline phosphatase: 95 IU.L-,1 γ-GTP: 131 IU.L-1, ALT: 50IU.L-1, AST: 49 IU.L-1, Only 1 patient was lost for follow up.In the remaining 50 patients with follow up, there was only 1 (2 %) patient with persistent biliary symptoms in whom CBDS was finally diagnosed by ERC with ES. All other patients remained symptoms free on follow up and did not require ERC or biliary surgery.CONCLUSION: Vast majority of patients with moderate suspicion of CBDS and no stones on EUS with linear array can avoid invasive evaluation of biliary tree with ERC.展开更多
AIM: To compare the value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) and standard T2-weighted magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) in the evaluation process as adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver tran...AIM: To compare the value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) and standard T2-weighted magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) in the evaluation process as adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation (LDLTx) demands a successful outcome, and exact knowledge of the biliary tree is implicated to avoid biliary complications, postoperatively.METHODS: After starting the LDLTx program, 18 liver transplant candidates were selected for LDLTx by a stepwise evaluation process. ERC and standard T2-weighted MRC were performed to evaluate the biliary system of the donor liver. The anatomical findings of ERC and MRC mapping were compared using the Ohkubo classification. RESULTS: ERC allowed mapping of the whole biliary system in 15/15 (100%) cases, including 14/15 (93.3%) with biliary variants while routine MRC was only accurate in 2/13 (15.4%) cases. MRC was limited in depicting the biliary system proximal of the hepatic bifurcation. Postoperative biliary complications occurred in 2 donors and 8 recipients. Biliary complications were associated with Ohkubo type C, E or G in 6/8 recipients, and 2/3 recipients with biliary leak received a graft with multiple (≥2) bile ducts. CONCLUSION: Pretransplant ERC is safe and superior over standard MRC for detection of biliary variations that occur with a high frequency. However, precise knowledge of biliary variants did not reduce the incidence of postoperative biliary complications.展开更多
Peroral cholangioscopy was first described in 1970s and has recently gained popularity.Peroral cholangioscopy is appealing to therapeutic endoscopists because a direct intraluminal view of the biliary duct system offe...Peroral cholangioscopy was first described in 1970s and has recently gained popularity.Peroral cholangioscopy is appealing to therapeutic endoscopists because a direct intraluminal view of the biliary duct system offers possibilities for diagnosis and interventions beyond that which other imaging or endoscopic modalities can provide.As the image quality of cholangioscopies improves,so too does their diagnostic capability,and as their durability and maneuverability increases,so too does their potential use for therapeutic applications.This editorial is intended to provide a brief review of recent developments in peroral cholangioscopy and current indications for its use.展开更多
目的依据非酸反流对胃食管反流病类型之一的糜烂性食管炎(EE)患者抑酸治疗后食管内镜影像的改变,分析并评价非酸反流对抑酸治疗EE的影响。方法选择2013年1月至2014年12月门诊治疗的59例非酸反流EE患者作为研究对象。采用质子泵抑制剂(...目的依据非酸反流对胃食管反流病类型之一的糜烂性食管炎(EE)患者抑酸治疗后食管内镜影像的改变,分析并评价非酸反流对抑酸治疗EE的影响。方法选择2013年1月至2014年12月门诊治疗的59例非酸反流EE患者作为研究对象。采用质子泵抑制剂(埃索美拉唑镁肠溶片)联合巴氯芬片、多潘立酮片及胃黏膜保护药(复方海藻酸片),进行抑酸治疗,治疗前、后对患者进行24 h食管p H连续监测,统计24 h内p H<4的总时间百分率、24 h p H值、24 h p H<4的阳性率。根据反流性食管炎标准进行分级,比较食管内镜影像的变化及食管病变分级比例。结果非酸反流EE患者抑酸治疗后24 h内p H<4的总时间百分率、24 h p H值、24 h p H<4的阳性率与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。治疗前食管损伤有糜烂并呈非全周性融合;治疗后糜烂面吸收,局部融合创面愈合。非酸EE患者治疗后食管内镜影像的食管病变程度分级较治疗前明显好转(P<0.01)。结论胃食管反流病临床治疗效果判定主要依据患者临床症状的改善,食管内镜影像阳性率是重要的评价标准。展开更多
文摘AIM:The purpose of this review is to describe the various aspects of primary gastric lymphoma and the treatment options currently available. METHODS:After a systematic search of Pubmed,Medscape and MDconsult,we reviewed and retrieved literature regarding gastric lymphoma. RESULTS:Primary gastric lymphoma is rare however,the incidence of this malignancy is increasing.Chronic gastritis secondary to Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection has been considered a major predisposing factor for MALT lymphoma. Immune histochemical marker studies and molecular biology utilizing polymerase chain reaction have facilitated appropriate diagnosis and abolished the need for diagnostic surgical resection.Advances in imaging techniques including Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS) have helped evaluation of tumor extension and invasion. The clinical course and prognosis of this disease is dependent on histopathological sub-type and stage at the time of diagnosis.Controversy remains regarding the best treatment for early stages of this disease.Chemotherapy,surgery and combination have been studied and shared almost comparable results with survival rate of 70-90%.However,chemotherapy possesses the advantage of preserving gastric anatomy. Radiotherapy alone has been tried and showed good results. Stage IIIE,IVE disease treatment is solely by chemotherapy and surgical resection has been a remote consideration. CONCLUSION:We conclude that methods of diagnosis and staging of the primary gastric lymphoma have dramatically improved.The modalities of treatment are many and probably chemotherapy is superior because of high success rate, preservation of stomach and tolerable complications.
文摘AIM: To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) as the main imaging modality in patients with moderate suspicion of common bile duct stones (CBDS).METHODS: 55 patients with moderate clinical suspicion of CBDS were prospectively included to the study and evaluated with EUS. This study was done in single blind method in the clinical and biochemical data of patients. EUS was done with echo-endoscope Pentax FG 32-UA (f=5-7,5 MHz) and Hitachi EUB 405 ultrasound machine. Patients diagnosed with CBDS by EUS were excluded from this study and treated with ERC. All the other patients were included to the follow up study obtained by mail every 6 months for clinical evaluation (need of ERC or surgery).RESULTS: CBDS was found in 4 patients by EUS. Diagnosis was confirmed in all cases on ERC. The remaining 51 patients without CBDS on EUS were followed up for 6-26 months (meanly 13 months) There were: 40 women, 42cholecystectomized patients, aged: 55 (mean). Biochemical values (mean values) were as follows: bilirubin: 14,9 μmol.L-1,alkaline phosphatase: 95 IU.L-,1 γ-GTP: 131 IU.L-1, ALT: 50IU.L-1, AST: 49 IU.L-1, Only 1 patient was lost for follow up.In the remaining 50 patients with follow up, there was only 1 (2 %) patient with persistent biliary symptoms in whom CBDS was finally diagnosed by ERC with ES. All other patients remained symptoms free on follow up and did not require ERC or biliary surgery.CONCLUSION: Vast majority of patients with moderate suspicion of CBDS and no stones on EUS with linear array can avoid invasive evaluation of biliary tree with ERC.
文摘AIM: To compare the value of endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) and standard T2-weighted magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) in the evaluation process as adult-to-adult right lobe living donor liver transplantation (LDLTx) demands a successful outcome, and exact knowledge of the biliary tree is implicated to avoid biliary complications, postoperatively.METHODS: After starting the LDLTx program, 18 liver transplant candidates were selected for LDLTx by a stepwise evaluation process. ERC and standard T2-weighted MRC were performed to evaluate the biliary system of the donor liver. The anatomical findings of ERC and MRC mapping were compared using the Ohkubo classification. RESULTS: ERC allowed mapping of the whole biliary system in 15/15 (100%) cases, including 14/15 (93.3%) with biliary variants while routine MRC was only accurate in 2/13 (15.4%) cases. MRC was limited in depicting the biliary system proximal of the hepatic bifurcation. Postoperative biliary complications occurred in 2 donors and 8 recipients. Biliary complications were associated with Ohkubo type C, E or G in 6/8 recipients, and 2/3 recipients with biliary leak received a graft with multiple (≥2) bile ducts. CONCLUSION: Pretransplant ERC is safe and superior over standard MRC for detection of biliary variations that occur with a high frequency. However, precise knowledge of biliary variants did not reduce the incidence of postoperative biliary complications.
文摘Peroral cholangioscopy was first described in 1970s and has recently gained popularity.Peroral cholangioscopy is appealing to therapeutic endoscopists because a direct intraluminal view of the biliary duct system offers possibilities for diagnosis and interventions beyond that which other imaging or endoscopic modalities can provide.As the image quality of cholangioscopies improves,so too does their diagnostic capability,and as their durability and maneuverability increases,so too does their potential use for therapeutic applications.This editorial is intended to provide a brief review of recent developments in peroral cholangioscopy and current indications for its use.
文摘目的依据非酸反流对胃食管反流病类型之一的糜烂性食管炎(EE)患者抑酸治疗后食管内镜影像的改变,分析并评价非酸反流对抑酸治疗EE的影响。方法选择2013年1月至2014年12月门诊治疗的59例非酸反流EE患者作为研究对象。采用质子泵抑制剂(埃索美拉唑镁肠溶片)联合巴氯芬片、多潘立酮片及胃黏膜保护药(复方海藻酸片),进行抑酸治疗,治疗前、后对患者进行24 h食管p H连续监测,统计24 h内p H<4的总时间百分率、24 h p H值、24 h p H<4的阳性率。根据反流性食管炎标准进行分级,比较食管内镜影像的变化及食管病变分级比例。结果非酸反流EE患者抑酸治疗后24 h内p H<4的总时间百分率、24 h p H值、24 h p H<4的阳性率与治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。治疗前食管损伤有糜烂并呈非全周性融合;治疗后糜烂面吸收,局部融合创面愈合。非酸EE患者治疗后食管内镜影像的食管病变程度分级较治疗前明显好转(P<0.01)。结论胃食管反流病临床治疗效果判定主要依据患者临床症状的改善,食管内镜影像阳性率是重要的评价标准。
