中国城镇化地区贡献的内陆化演变与解释——基于1982-2008年省区数据的分析

改革开放30年来,中国持续快速的经济发展和城镇化受到了世界关注。由于政策环境和地理基础的差异性,地带间差异成为中国城镇化空间差异的主要特征:在多元动力的共同推动下,东部十省的快速城镇化为全国的城镇化进程贡献了49%。新世纪以来,随着西部大开发、东北老工业基地振兴和中部崛起三大区域发展战略的相继提出,政策和地理基础的地带间差异逐步缩小,国内外投资重点向内陆转移,外出务工人员的回流与创业成为人口流动的新特征,带动中西部地区对全国城镇化的贡献迅速提升,中国城镇化的重心向内陆转移,省区城镇化趋同现象比较明显。这些新现象在2005年以来更加强化。实证结果表明,区域发展战略的提出促进内陆省份对全国城镇化的贡献率提高了8.7%,但并没有对中国省区城镇化的动力机制产生影响;沿海地区产业转移和国际市场的开拓将成为内陆地区城镇化的重要依托。

电力供求、环境保护与核电布局内陆化——基于中国30个省份核电需求的实证分析

在分析中国核电布局的影响因素及变动趋势的基础上,借鉴柯布-道格拉斯生产函数,构建了中国30个省份核电需求模型。从理论和实证两个维度验证了电力需求、环境保护与电力供给,是影响我国核电布局内陆化的关键性因素。同时,实证结果表明,全国30个省份核电需求量大小存在较大的差异。这种差异为我国内陆核电站的选址与建设时序的确定提供了决策依据。

浅谈加工贸易内陆化对我国劳动力配置的影响

本文分析我国加工贸易内陆化的现状,阐述加工贸易内陆化对中西部地区人才需求、劳动力市场和企业管理的影响,提出了企业关于人才培训管理等方面的具体措施。

专业化交易地理集中、区域市场一体化与浙中内陆城市圈层化——“义乌商圈”的空间效应分析

基于专业化交易地理集中促成的总合交易费用节约,义乌市场不仅衍生出周边产业集群,从而提升义乌城市集聚度,并进一步引致周边的浙中城市群走上圈层化的发展路径,构建起基于自主层级体系的城市共同体。本文借助新兴古典城市网络分层模型刻画了圈层化的微观机制,并启示内陆城市形成自主共同体,以获取类似海滨城市优势的途径。

干旱内陆中小河流洪水资源化研究

在干旱内陆区中小河流经常性地发生洪水,对当地经济、社会发展产生许多不利影响。该文在总结洪水的基本特征和表现力的基础上,就洪水资源化利用进行了探讨,以为解决内陆地区中小河流洪水危害提供参考。

1978年以来中国沿海与内陆经济格局的转折分析

沿海与内陆经济格局演变研究在中国区域经济协调发展中具有重要意义。文章利用1978—2018年中国省级与市级层面数据,基于GIS空间表达、空间面板数据计量分析等方法对沿海与内陆地区经济格局演变及其影响因素进行分析。主要结论为:①改革开放一段时期后,内陆地区加快了对沿海地区的追赶,中国经济发展渐显内陆化的征兆。省级与市级层面的经济总量和经济增长数据分析显示,2008年之后,内陆地区经济增速超过沿海地区,内陆地区经济地位逐步上升。②2008年前后,距海岸线距离与区域经济增长速度呈现不同关系:2008年之前,距海岸线越近区域增长越快;2008年之后与此相反。省级与市级层面表现一致,其经济增长的高值区在2008年以后转向距海岸线较远的内陆地区。③在内陆地区内部,经济增长出现分化现象,西南地区经济增长更为明显,其他地区相对较慢。2008年后经济分布中心在向内陆地区移动中出现西南向偏移,2018年经济增长高值区转向西南内陆地区。④模型分析表明,生产要素、交通条件、政府因素等是变化的主要原因。在生产要素中,资本投入正向显著影响经济增长,但其影响程度在2008年之后有所减弱;工资水平对经济增长的影响在2008年之后由负向转为正向,内陆地区较低工资促进其经济快速增长,但人口优势有待进一步体现。内陆地区交通条件大幅改善、政府促进欠发达地区发展以及全方位对外开放等因素,也显著影响内陆地区经济增长。该研究可为国家制定相关区域政策提供参考。

Effects of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Organic Carbon in China:A Meta-analysis

Vegetation restoration has been proposed as an effective method for increasing both plant biomass and soil carbon(C) stocks. In this study, 204 publications(733 observations) were analyzed, focusing on the effects of vegetation restoration on soil organic carbon(SOC) in China. The results showed that SOC was increased by 45.33%, 24.43%, 30.29% and 27.98% at soil depths of 0–20 cm, 20–40 cm, 40–60 cm and > 60 cm after vegetation restoration, respectively. Restoration from both cropland and non-cropland increased the SOC content. The conversion of non-cropland was more efficient in SOC accumulation than the conversion of cropland did, especially in > 40 cm layers. In addition, the conversion to planted forest led to greater SOC accumulation than that to other land use did. Conversion period and initial SOC content extended more influence on soil C accumulation as the main factors after vegetation restoration than temperature and precipitation did. The SOC content significantly increased with restoration period after long-term vegetation restoration(> 40 yr), indicating a large potential for further accumulation of carbon in the soil, which could mitigate climate change in the near future.

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric and colorectal cancer in China's Mainland

AIM:To investigate the current status of peritoneal carcinomatosis(PC) management,as well as the usage of cytoreductive surgery(CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy(HIPEC) in China's Mainland.METHODS:A potentially curative therapeutic strategy for selecting patients with PC,known as "Techniques",consists of CRS in combination with HIPEC.A systemic search of published works and clinical trials was performed.Additional papers were retrieved by crosschecking references and obtaining information from Chinese oncologists and relevant conferences.One hundred and one papers and one registered clinical trial on HIPEC were included.RESULTS:A literature review identified 86 hospitals in 25 out of all 31 areas of China's Mainland that perform HIPEC.The earliest report included in our survey was published in 1993.Different approaches to HIPEC have been utilized,i.e.palliative,prophylactic,and possiblycurative treatment.Only one center has consistently performed HIPEC according to the "Sugarbaker Protocol",which involves evaluating the extent of PC with peritoneal cancer index and the results of CRS with the completeness of cytoreduction.Positive preliminary results were reported:7 of 21 patients with PC survived,free of tumors,during an 8-43-mo follow-up period.Hyperthermic strategies that include HIPEC have been practiced for a long time in China's Mainland,whereas the "Sugarbaker Protocol/Techniques" has been only rarely implemented in China.The Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International hosts a biannual workshop with the intent to train more specialists in this field and provide support for the construction of quality treatment centers,especially in developing countries like China,whose population is huge and has a dramatically increased incidence of cancer.CONCLUSION:To popularize Sugarbaker Protocol/Techniques in China's Mainland in PC management arising from gastric cancer or colorectal cancer will be the responsibility of the upcoming Chinese Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group.

Environmental Evaluation of Springs in the Intensely Cultivated and Industrialized Inland Plain of Cuneo （Northwest Italy）

Sixty springs of the Cuneo Province inland plains were sampled and analyzed for several chemical variables. Multi-variate analysis （PCA） of all the data was undertaken. The first principal component was positively correlated with chlorides, sulphites, hardness, and negatively correlated with altitude. The second principal component was positively correlated with DO and pH. Results showed that 4 groups of springs could be distinguished on the basis of environmental variables. A small number of springs did not group with the geographically more proximal springs but with another group due to a greater degree of affinity on the basis of the hydrochemical variables.

Geochemical studies on the source region of Asian dust

The North China and the neighbouring Mongolia in Asian Interior is characterized by extremely dry climate, resulted in one of the world＇s major dust emission centres. Deciphering the source region of Asian dust is critical for revealing the mechanism of the dust production, interpreting the paleo-environrnental records of eolian deposits, predicting the overall environmental effects of dust, and setting the strategies for the control of contemporary dust storms. This paper summarizes the geochemical methods applied to the source tracing of Asian dust. Nd-Sr isotopes were the most extensively studied source tracer of Asian dust and have been successfully applied in many cases. Geochemistry of detrital monomineral shows great theoretical advantages in source tracing and deserves further studies. The short-range transportation of Chinese loess with direction similar to that of the prevailing near surface wind is revealed. Source tracing also shows that the Asian dust has two ultimate material sources from the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau and the Central Asian Orogen, which confirms the importance of mountain processes in the production of silt eolian particles. Based on the recent progresses on the source tracing of Asian dust, discussions are expanded on the natural background of Asian dust storms and potential anthropogenic influence, the materials evolution of the source regions of Asian dust and its relationships with climate changes and Tibetan uplift, and the role of Tibetan uplift in the Asian dust system.

New eolian red clay sequence on the western Chinese Loess Plateau linked to onset of Asian desertification about 25 Ma ago

The expansion of inland Asia deserts has considerably influenced the environmental, social and economic activities in Asia. Aridification of inland Asia, especially timing of the initiation of Asian desertification, is a contentious topic in paleoclimatology. Late Cenozoic eolian loess-red clay sequences on the Chinese Loess Plateau, which possess abundant paleoclimatic and paleo-environmental information, can be regarded as an indicator of inland Asia desertification. Here we present a detailed magnetostratigraphic investigation of a new red clay sequence about 654 m in Zhuanglang located at the western Chinese Loess Plateau. Sedimentological, geochemical, mineralogical, and quartz morphological lines of evidence show that the red clay is of eolian origin. Magnetostratigraphic correlations indicate that this core sequence spans from 25.6 to 4.8 Ma, and typical eolian red clay appears as early as 25 Ma. This extends the lower limit of the red clay on the Chinese Loess Plateau from the previously thought early Miocene back into the late Oligocene. This new red clay record further implies that the inland Asia desertification was initiated at least by the late Oligocene. This sequence provides a unique high-resolution geological record for understanding the inland Asia desertification process since the late Oligocene.

Projects of Development of Transcontinental Transport-Economic Belts in Northern Eurasia

The role of the Trans-Siberian main railway is considered related to interaction between the West and the East of Eurasia. The stages of formation of a transport-economic belt along the Trans-Siberian main railway and its branches are distinguished. The main features of long-term development of the Trans-Siberian main railway, its new branches, and also the Russian mega project ＂Integrated Eurasian infrastructural system＂ are presented. The comparative characteristic of a zone of influence of the Trans-Siberian main railway and a New Silk Road in the People＇s Republic of China is given. General environmental issues in the development of transcontinental Eur- asian transport-economic belts are singled out. The authors believe that despite some competition to the Trans-Si- berian Main Railway in the Eurasian transport transit, realization of the New Silk Road project will bring obvious so- cio-economic and environmental benefits for participating countries through formation of the zone of the sustainable development along this transport corridor. Finally, it will undoubtedly contribute to achievement of closer economic integration and greater security in Eurasia.

Impact of Foreign Direct Investment and Export on Urbanization： Evidence from China

This paper investigates the impact of foreign direct investment （FDI） and exports on urbanization in China. Using prefecture city-level panel data covering China ＂s 262 prefecture cities for the period 2004-2013 and employing a dynamic panel system generalized method of moments model with instrumental variable regression techniques, our study finds that FDI and exports have, on average, played a significantly positive role in China＇s urbanization. However, the impacts of FDl and exports on urbanization vary across regions. FDI has a positive and significant impact on urbanization in the coastal region but has no impact on urbanization in the inland region. Exports have a positive and significant impact on urbanization in both the coastal and inland regions, but the effect is much larger in the coastal region than in the inland region. The results imply that further attracting FDI inflows and promoting exports will contribute to China＇s urbanization, especially for the inland region.

Changes in inland lakes on the Tibetan Plateau over the past 40 years

Inland lakes and alpine glaciers are important water resources on the Tibetan Plateau. Understanding their variation is crucial for accurate evaluation and prediction of changes in water supply and for retrieval and analysis of climatic information. Data from previous research on 35 alpine lakes on the Tibetan Plateau were used to investigate changes in lake water level and area. In terms of temporal changes, the area of the 35 alpine lakes could be divided into five groups: rising, falling-rising, rising-falling, fluctuating, and falling. In terms of spatial changes, the area of alpine lakes in the Himalayan Mountains, the Karakoram Mountains, and the Qaidam Basin tended to decrease; the area of lakes in the Naqu region and the Kunlun Mountains increased; and the area of lakes in the Hoh Xil region and Qilian Mountains fluctuated. Changes in lake water level and area were correlated with regional changes in climate. Reasons for changes in these lakes on the Tibetan Plateau were analyzed, including precipitation and evaporation from meteorological data, glacier meltwater from the Chinese glacier inventories. Several key problems, e.g. challenges of monitoring water balance, limitations to glacial area detection, uncertainties in detecting lake water-level variations and variable region boundaries of lake change types on the Tibetan Plateau were discussed. This research has most indicative significance to regional climate change.