Objective. To detect histological characteristic of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL). Methods. In each of 20 skeletally mature male mongrels and 4 men, the ACL and MCL were examine...Objective. To detect histological characteristic of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL). Methods. In each of 20 skeletally mature male mongrels and 4 men, the ACL and MCL were examined by standard hematoxylin- eosin procedure and toluidine blue staining for histologic observation. Results. The fibroblasts in medial collateral are elongated to spindle shape and aligned in a row between the bundles of collagenous fibers. Toluidine blue staining is negative. The anterior cruciate ligament demonstrated more heterogenous cell types and arrangement. It had three major cell forms:spindle, round and ovoid type, which were shorter but greater than the cells in medial collateral ligament. Toluidine blue staining was positive in anterior cruciate ligament. Most cells in anterior cruciate ligament were enclosed within lacunae. Conclusion. This study suggests that the ACL has different histological characteristics from MCL, and is more cartilage- like in nature.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of combined reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)and posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) simultaneously by using allograft patellar tendon under arthroscopy. Meth...Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of combined reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)and posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) simultaneously by using allograft patellar tendon under arthroscopy. Methods:From May 2003 to November 2005,10 cases of ruptured ACL and PCL were fixated with compressed screws and reconstructed under arthroscopy with allograft patellar tendon simultaneously.The clinical results were evaluated according to IKDC,Lysholm,and Tegner clinical rating scales. Results:All patients were followed up for 12-30 months(mean:18 months).At the last follow-up,there was no knee extension limitation and knee flexion was between 120°and 135°,with an average of 128.38°.The Lysholm score of the 10 cases was 66.5±5.6 before operation and 89.8±3.4 at last follow up.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The average Tegner activity score decreased from 6.9±1.7(range.4-9)before injury to 5.5±1.6(rang:2-9)at the follow-up (P=0.53).At the end of follow-up,IKDC score was graded as A in 4 cases(40.0%),B in 5(50.0%),and C in 1(10.0%).Of the 10 patients,8 returned to the same sports level as before injury and 2 were under the level. Conclusion:Arthroscopic combined reconstruction of ACL and PCL with allograft patellar tendon has the advantages of minimal trauma in surgery and reliable satisfactory outcome.展开更多
Objective： To evaluate the technique and outcome of arthroscopic sipy, le-bundie reconstruction of posterior crudate ligament （PCL） with quadrupled hamstring tendon. Methods： From April 2001 to October 2004, 49 k...Objective： To evaluate the technique and outcome of arthroscopic sipy, le-bundie reconstruction of posterior crudate ligament （PCL） with quadrupled hamstring tendon. Methods： From April 2001 to October 2004, 49 knees with PCL tears in 49 patients were verified with arthroscope in this department. Of them, 13 were combined with anterior cruciate ligament tears, 14 with disruptions of the posterolateral comer, 6 with ruptures of the posteromedial corner and medial collateral ligament, 9 with lateral meniscus tears, 5 with medial meniscus tears and 2 with popliteal vascular tears. All the damaged PCLs were reconstructed with single-bundie of autogenous quadrupled hamstring tendons under arthroscope. Biodegradable interference screws or blunt titanium interference screws were used for direct anatomic fixation of the reconstructed ligament. Results： After operation, no severe complications occurred at early stage in the 49 patients. All of them were followed up for 10-52 months with an average of 22. 0 months ＋ 10. 7 months. Lysholm score was remarkably improved from 30-60 （ mean： 47.96 ＋ 8. 16） preoperatively to 70-95 （ mean： 89. 08 ＋ 6. 10 ） at the last postoperative follow-up （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in International Knee Documentation Committee （IKDC） score from abnormal （ Grade C） in 10 knees and severely abnormal （Grade D ） in 39 preoperatively to normal （ Grade A ） in 20, nearly normal （ Grade B） in 24 and abnormal in 5 at the last follow-up. Of the 49 patients, 40 returned to the same activity level as before and 9 were under the level. Conclusions： Single-bundle reconstruction of PCL with quadrupled hamstring tendons has the advantage of minimal trauma in surgery and satisfactory outcome.展开更多
Objective： To introduce a novel technique in which meniscal stitching needle is used as a puller to induct steel wire to secure the tibial eminence avulsion under arthroscopic visualization, and evaluate the cfinical...Objective： To introduce a novel technique in which meniscal stitching needle is used as a puller to induct steel wire to secure the tibial eminence avulsion under arthroscopic visualization, and evaluate the cfinical results. Methods： From 1999 to 2005, fifteen cases of tibial eminence avulsion were treated with this new technique. Lysholm scoring scale system was used to assess knee function before and after surgery. Regular plain anteroposterior and lateral X-ray flms were undertaken to detect the bony healing of avulsed fragment. Results： The operating time could be controlled within 30 minutes. No complications such as intraarticular infection, iatrogenic injury, fibroarthritis or nonunion of fracture occurred in this group. X-ray film revealed that bony healing in all 15 cases was achieved from 6 weeks to 12 weeks postoperatively. Lysholm score was improved from 19.1 ± 15.2 （ ranging from 10 to 56 ） preoperatively to 97.5 ± 3.7 （ranging from 91 to 100） postoperatively on average in 12-54 months follow up （mean 23 months）. The statistically significant difference was shown in Student＇s t test （t = 18. 483, P =3. 100×10^-11, P 〈 0. 01）. Wire breakage was found in two patients whose wires were removed 8 months and 14 months after initial operation, respectively. Conclusion： This technique has many advantages, such as simplicity, wide indications from type Ⅱ to type Ⅳ fractures, minimal invasion, short operating time and predictable satisfactory results.展开更多
Objective： To evaluate the anatomy of femoral tunnels created by simulated transtibial technique in double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament （ACL） reconstruction. Methods： Two tibial tunnels, anteromedial （AM） ...Objective： To evaluate the anatomy of femoral tunnels created by simulated transtibial technique in double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament （ACL） reconstruction. Methods： Two tibial tunnels, anteromedial （AM） and posterolateral （PL）, were drilled 45° and 55° to tibial plateau respectively. On the femoral side, the AM and PL tunnels were drilled through anteriomedial portal. After the four tun- nels were established, the shaft of a reamer was introduced into the joint through tibial tunnel and reached against the lateral wall of intercondylar notch. The position that the reamer shaft can reach was marked and recorded. Results： Neither femoral AM nor PL tunnel opening can be fully or partially reached by the reamer shaft through the tibial AM tunnel in all cases. The evaluation through the tibial PL tunnel showed that only in 8 of 50 cases （16%） the femoral AM tunnel opening and in 4 cases （8%） the PL opening can be fully reached. On the other hand, in 12 cases （24%） the femoral AM tunnel opening and in 10 cases （20%） the PL opening can be partially reached by the shafts through the tibial PL tunnel. Conclusion： The result strongly suggests that transtibial technique is not well competent for femoral tun- nel drilling in anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction as we have hypothesized.展开更多
基金the Science Foundation of Ministry of Health, PRC (96- 1- 263)
文摘Objective. To detect histological characteristic of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL). Methods. In each of 20 skeletally mature male mongrels and 4 men, the ACL and MCL were examined by standard hematoxylin- eosin procedure and toluidine blue staining for histologic observation. Results. The fibroblasts in medial collateral are elongated to spindle shape and aligned in a row between the bundles of collagenous fibers. Toluidine blue staining is negative. The anterior cruciate ligament demonstrated more heterogenous cell types and arrangement. It had three major cell forms:spindle, round and ovoid type, which were shorter but greater than the cells in medial collateral ligament. Toluidine blue staining was positive in anterior cruciate ligament. Most cells in anterior cruciate ligament were enclosed within lacunae. Conclusion. This study suggests that the ACL has different histological characteristics from MCL, and is more cartilage- like in nature.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of combined reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)and posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) simultaneously by using allograft patellar tendon under arthroscopy. Methods:From May 2003 to November 2005,10 cases of ruptured ACL and PCL were fixated with compressed screws and reconstructed under arthroscopy with allograft patellar tendon simultaneously.The clinical results were evaluated according to IKDC,Lysholm,and Tegner clinical rating scales. Results:All patients were followed up for 12-30 months(mean:18 months).At the last follow-up,there was no knee extension limitation and knee flexion was between 120°and 135°,with an average of 128.38°.The Lysholm score of the 10 cases was 66.5±5.6 before operation and 89.8±3.4 at last follow up.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The average Tegner activity score decreased from 6.9±1.7(range.4-9)before injury to 5.5±1.6(rang:2-9)at the follow-up (P=0.53).At the end of follow-up,IKDC score was graded as A in 4 cases(40.0%),B in 5(50.0%),and C in 1(10.0%).Of the 10 patients,8 returned to the same sports level as before injury and 2 were under the level. Conclusion:Arthroscopic combined reconstruction of ACL and PCL with allograft patellar tendon has the advantages of minimal trauma in surgery and reliable satisfactory outcome.
文摘Objective： To evaluate the technique and outcome of arthroscopic sipy, le-bundie reconstruction of posterior crudate ligament （PCL） with quadrupled hamstring tendon. Methods： From April 2001 to October 2004, 49 knees with PCL tears in 49 patients were verified with arthroscope in this department. Of them, 13 were combined with anterior cruciate ligament tears, 14 with disruptions of the posterolateral comer, 6 with ruptures of the posteromedial corner and medial collateral ligament, 9 with lateral meniscus tears, 5 with medial meniscus tears and 2 with popliteal vascular tears. All the damaged PCLs were reconstructed with single-bundie of autogenous quadrupled hamstring tendons under arthroscope. Biodegradable interference screws or blunt titanium interference screws were used for direct anatomic fixation of the reconstructed ligament. Results： After operation, no severe complications occurred at early stage in the 49 patients. All of them were followed up for 10-52 months with an average of 22. 0 months ＋ 10. 7 months. Lysholm score was remarkably improved from 30-60 （ mean： 47.96 ＋ 8. 16） preoperatively to 70-95 （ mean： 89. 08 ＋ 6. 10 ） at the last postoperative follow-up （ P 〈 0.01 ）. Furthermore, there was a significant improvement in International Knee Documentation Committee （IKDC） score from abnormal （ Grade C） in 10 knees and severely abnormal （Grade D ） in 39 preoperatively to normal （ Grade A ） in 20, nearly normal （ Grade B） in 24 and abnormal in 5 at the last follow-up. Of the 49 patients, 40 returned to the same activity level as before and 9 were under the level. Conclusions： Single-bundle reconstruction of PCL with quadrupled hamstring tendons has the advantage of minimal trauma in surgery and satisfactory outcome.
文摘Objective： To introduce a novel technique in which meniscal stitching needle is used as a puller to induct steel wire to secure the tibial eminence avulsion under arthroscopic visualization, and evaluate the cfinical results. Methods： From 1999 to 2005, fifteen cases of tibial eminence avulsion were treated with this new technique. Lysholm scoring scale system was used to assess knee function before and after surgery. Regular plain anteroposterior and lateral X-ray flms were undertaken to detect the bony healing of avulsed fragment. Results： The operating time could be controlled within 30 minutes. No complications such as intraarticular infection, iatrogenic injury, fibroarthritis or nonunion of fracture occurred in this group. X-ray film revealed that bony healing in all 15 cases was achieved from 6 weeks to 12 weeks postoperatively. Lysholm score was improved from 19.1 ± 15.2 （ ranging from 10 to 56 ） preoperatively to 97.5 ± 3.7 （ranging from 91 to 100） postoperatively on average in 12-54 months follow up （mean 23 months）. The statistically significant difference was shown in Student＇s t test （t = 18. 483, P =3. 100×10^-11, P 〈 0. 01）. Wire breakage was found in two patients whose wires were removed 8 months and 14 months after initial operation, respectively. Conclusion： This technique has many advantages, such as simplicity, wide indications from type Ⅱ to type Ⅳ fractures, minimal invasion, short operating time and predictable satisfactory results.
文摘Objective： To evaluate the anatomy of femoral tunnels created by simulated transtibial technique in double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament （ACL） reconstruction. Methods： Two tibial tunnels, anteromedial （AM） and posterolateral （PL）, were drilled 45° and 55° to tibial plateau respectively. On the femoral side, the AM and PL tunnels were drilled through anteriomedial portal. After the four tun- nels were established, the shaft of a reamer was introduced into the joint through tibial tunnel and reached against the lateral wall of intercondylar notch. The position that the reamer shaft can reach was marked and recorded. Results： Neither femoral AM nor PL tunnel opening can be fully or partially reached by the reamer shaft through the tibial AM tunnel in all cases. The evaluation through the tibial PL tunnel showed that only in 8 of 50 cases （16%） the femoral AM tunnel opening and in 4 cases （8%） the PL opening can be fully reached. On the other hand, in 12 cases （24%） the femoral AM tunnel opening and in 10 cases （20%） the PL opening can be partially reached by the shafts through the tibial PL tunnel. Conclusion： The result strongly suggests that transtibial technique is not well competent for femoral tun- nel drilling in anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction as we have hypothesized.
