内P集合与信息伪装-应用

内P-集合是P-集合理论的部分,它是一种研究动态信息的新的数学方法。在内P-集合理论基础上,提出Fˉ-信息伪装粒度定理、n阶Fˉ-伪装信息关系定理、Fˉ-伪装信息生成定理、信息轻伪装定理、伪装信息恢复定理、内-距离定义、伪装粒度定义等基本概念,在此数学理论基础上构建的新的伪装算法,相比同类算法在时效和空间方面更显优势。通过简单的应用实例,进一步直观地诠释提出理论的应用方法。

Screening of the Gene for Chlorella Identification and Identification of oil-producing Microalgae

[Objective] The aim was to select suitable gene for Chlorella identification and to identify the oil-producing microalgae.[Method] Four candidate gene sequences,the nuclear genomic rDNA of the 18S rRNA gene,internal transcribed spacer（ITS）,internal transcribed spacer Ⅱ（ITS Ⅱ）and the chloroplast rbcL gene,were selected for Chlorella molecular identification.Through these four candidate genes,the genetic variability and distinguish ability between intra-species and inter-species was analyzed to choose the right genes for identification of the high oil-content Chlorella.On this basis,application of these gene segments were classified and identified for five fresh-water isolated Chlorella,which oil-content is more than 30%.[Result] ITS gene was a suitable gene because of its high variation and short fragment length,meanwhile its genetic distance intra-species（0.439 6±0.135 9）was larger than inter-species（0.045 7±0.084 3）.Its sequence length varied between different species whereas highly conserved in the same species.By the application of ITS sequences,respectively,five high oil-content stains were identified as one C.vulgaris,two strains of C.sorokiniana and two strains of algae Chlorella sp.[Conclusion] This study had provided reference for the establishment of identification gene pool of Chlorella.

Distance Transform Based Enhancement for Linear Interpolated Images

An approach of distane map based imageenhancement (DMIE) is proposed. It is applied toconventional interpolations to get sharp images. Edgedetection is performed after images are interpolatedby linear interpolations. To meet the two conditionsset for DMIE, i. e., no abrupt changes and no over-boosting, different boosting rate should be used inadjusting pixel intensities. When the boosting rate isdetermined by using the distance from enhancedpixels to nearest edges, edge-oriented imageenhancement is obtained. By using Erosion technique,the range for pixel intensity adiustment is set.Over-enhancement is avoided by limiting the pixel iutensities in enhancement within the range. A unifled linear-time algoritiml for disance transform is adopted to deal with the calculation of Euelidean distance of the images.Its computation complexity is 0(N).After the preparation,i.e.,distance transforming and erosion,the images get more and more sharpened while no over.boosting.Occurs by repeating the enhancement procedure ,The simplicity of the enhancement operation makes DMIE suitable for enhancement rate adjusting

Clinical study of three dimensional conformal radiotherapy combined with intracavitary brachytherapy in the treatment of cervical cancer

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the outcome and complications of cervical cancer patients undergoing conventional intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) treated with 3D-conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT). Methods: Sixty cervical cancer patients were divided randomly into the conformal group and the conventional group. Thirty patients treated with 3D-conformal radiotherapy in the 3DCRT group, when the whole pelvic received DT 40 Gy, a planning CT scan of each patient was obtained and the second 3DCRT therapy plan was taken. Then, continued to irradiate to 50 Gy. At last, 3DCRT was boosted at local involved volumes to the total dose of 60 Gy. When 3DCRT was combined with intracavitary brachytherapy, the dose of brachytherapy to point A was 30 Gy/5 fractions. In the conventional group, after a total tumor dose of 40 Gy was delivered by the whole pelvic irradiation, the four-field technique was used to irradiate the total pelvic and regional nodes (median dose of 10 Gy), and the involved volumes were boosted to 60 Gy and the dose of brachytherapy to point A was 30 Gy-36 Gy/5-6 fractions. Moreover, both groups were combined with intracavitary brachytherapy respectively. Results: The 1, 2, 3-year survival rates for the 3DCRT group and the conventional group were 96.7%, 93.3%, 90.0% and 86.6%, 76.7%, 70% respectively (P = 0.04, P = 0.02 and P = 0.02). There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups. Compared to the two groups each other in toxic effects, except for the I-II grade rectal and bladder reaction and pelvic fibrosis which was lower in the 3DCRT group (P = 0. 007, P = 0. 006 and P = 0. 015), the side effects were similar and well tolerated in two groups. Conclusion: The all-course 3DCRT combined with intracavitary brachytherapy can be considered as an effective and feasible approach to cervical cancer and may significantly improve the survival rate and reduce the late toxicity. This new role for 3DCRT merits need further evaluation with large patient numbers and longer follows up.

Regional differences of urbanization in China and its driving factors

After more than 30 years of rapid urbanization, the overall urbanization rate of China reached 56.1% in 2015.However, despite China's rapid increase in its overall rate of urbanization, clear regional differences can be observed. Furthermore, inadequate research has been devoted to in-depth exploration of the regional differences in China's urbanization from a national perspective, as well as the internal factors that drive these differences. Using prefecture-level administrative units in China as the main research subject, this study illustrates the regional differences in urbanization by categorizing the divisions into four types based on their urbanization ratio and speed(high level: low speed; high level: high speed; low level: high speed; and low level: low speed). Next, we selected seven economic and geographic indicators and applied an ordered logit model to explore the driving factors of the regional differences in urbanization. A multiple linear regression model was then adopted to analyze the different impacts of these driving factors on regions with different urbanization types. The results showed that the regional differences in urbanization were significantly correlated to per capita GDP, industry location quotients, urban-rural income ratio,and time distance to major centers. In addition, with each type of urbanization, these factors were found to have a different driving effect. Specifically, the driving effect of per capita GDP and industry location quotients presented a marginally decreasing trend, while main road density appeared to have a more significant impact on cities with lower urbanization rates.