英语句法歧义消解过程中基于激发点的权变模型

采用自控速度的移动窗口技术,在3个实验中分别考察句法歧义消解的基本过程。阅读材料为不含有词汇歧义的英语句法歧义句。结果为:实验1的研究结果表明在语料中不存在歧义激发点的情况下,被试不会启动歧义的消解过程;实验2的研究结果表明当歧义激发点与解歧区重合时,人们会选用再分析机制来处理解歧区语料;实验3的研究结果表明当歧义激发点与歧义区重合时,人们会选用竞争机制来处理歧义区语料。本研究初步验证了基于激发点的权变模型关于句法歧义消解过程的相关设想。

海洋背景涡度对台风康森引起的近惯性波的影响研究

近惯性波是海洋中普遍存在的一种内波,它在海洋中的传播和耗散受到背景涡度的影响。基于混合坐标海洋模型(hybrid coordinate ocean model,HYCOM)再分析数据,研究了海洋背景正、负涡度对台风康森在南海引起的近惯性波的不同影响。结果表明:负涡度能捕捉并促进近惯性能量向海洋深层的传播,可传播到1200 m以深;而正涡度则阻碍近惯性能量的下传,使其主要集中在海洋上层500 m以内。负涡度区域能维持较强的近惯性能量10 d以上,而正涡度区域内的近惯性能量维持时间在1周左右。负涡度区域内的近惯性波由第二和第三模态主导,而正涡度区域内的近惯性波由第一和第二模态主导,导致海洋内部(500~1000 m)负涡度区域内的近惯性波剪切比正涡度区域内的近惯性波剪切强1~2个量级。波射线模型模拟结果显示,近惯性波在负涡度区域边缘发生反射,进而被负涡度区域捕获;而正涡度区域内的近惯性波有加速远离源地的趋势。上述结果进一步说明,海洋背景负涡度能增强近惯性能量的垂向传播,而正涡度则促进了近惯性能量的水平传播。

北极多源积雪深度数据对比评估及其对海冰厚度估算的影响

积雪深度是估算海冰厚度重要的参数之一,目前对不同积雪深度产品精度及其可适用范围的评估研究较少,也缺乏系统性的认知。本研究选取了11种北极积雪深度产品,根据产品的不同时间范围,分为2013—2018年和2018—2019年2个评估时间段。根据上述时间段,对比分析了各产品之间的差异性,然后将这些产品与“冰桥行动”和海冰质量平衡浮标的现场观测结果进行了评估。所有产品都显示格陵兰岛和加拿大北极群岛的北部积雪深度较厚,而在东西伯利亚海、拉普捷夫海、喀拉海、巴伦支海沿线区域的积雪深度较薄,不过,部分产品在时空变化上仍存在较大差异。与“冰桥行动”的观测数据对比发现,大部分产品数据雪深都较厚,AMSR2B和IS2/CS2分别在2013—2018年和2018—2019年的评估时间段内差异较小,拟合度较好。与海冰质量平衡浮标的对比结果显示,绝大部分产品数据雪深都较薄,并且差异性较大,其中NESOSIM在整个时期拟合度较好。利用不同产品的积雪深度反演海冰厚度的结果差异显著,与“冰桥行动”观测的海冰厚度对比发现,FY3B/MWRI和IS2/CS2分别在2013—2018年和2018—2019年的评估时间段内有着最好的拟合性。综合雪深和海冰厚度的验证结果来看,经验被动微波遥感、卫星测高以及组合类型的AMSR/AVHRR有着较好的拟合度,而雪深再分析模型产品的精度仍然需要进一步提升。

汉语动/名词词类歧义消解初探

采用自控速度的移动窗口技术,在1个实验中考察由动/名词类歧义词引发的句法歧义的消解机制。阅读材料为含有双字词类歧义词的句子。结果表明:Gibson乘法模型和新再分析模型结合在一起比竞争模型和不受限竞赛模型能够更好地预测和解释由汉语动/名词类歧义词引发的句法歧义的消解。

Economy Analysis of a Recycle Model of End-of-Life Vehicle

In order to evaluate recycle economy of end-of-life vehicles quantitatively,an economy model based on a recycle model of end-of-life vehicles and recycle cost analysis. With a practical example of recycling engines of end-of-life vehicles ,the validity of the recycle economy model and good recycle economy of the end-of-life vehicle engine were justified. It is concluded that ① remanufacture-ability of the part or component of the vehicles; ② the organization and management level of a recycle corporation; ③ policies and regulations of the government are crucial factors to raise the recycle economy of the end-of-life vehicle.

Monsoon Change in East Asia in the 21st Century: Results of RegCM3

The authors investigate monsoon change in East Asia in the 21st century under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario using the results of a regional climate model, RegCM3, with a high horizontal resolution. First, the authors evaluate the model's performance compared with NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data, showing that the model can reliably reproduce the basic climatology of both winter and summer monsoons over East Asia. Next, it is found that the winter monsoon in East Asia would slightly weaken in the 21st century with spatial differences. Over northern East China, anomalous southerly winds would dominate in the mid-and late-21st century because the zonal land-sea thermal contrast is expected to become smaller, due to a stronger warming trend over land than over ocean. However, the intensity of the summer monsoon in East Asia shows a statistically significant upward trend over this century because the zonal land-sea thermal contrast between East Asia and the western North Pacific would become larger, which, in turn, would lead to larger sea level pressure gradients throughout East Asia and extending to the adjacent ocean.

Evaluation of wind vectors observed by HY-2A scatterometer using ocean buoy observations,ASCAT measurements,and numerical model data

The first Chinese microwave ocean environment satellite HY-2A was launched successfully in August, 201 I. This study presents a quality assessment of HY-2A scatterometer （HYSCAT） data based on comparison with ocean buoy data, the Advanced Scatterometer （ASCAT） data, and numerical model data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP）. The in-situ observations include those from buoy arrays operated by the National Data Buoy Center （NDBC） and Tropical Atmosphere Ocean （TAO） project. Only buoys located offshore and in deep water were analyzed. The temporal and spatial collocation windows between HYSCAT data and buoy observations were 30 min and 25 km, respectively. The comparisons showed that the wind speeds and directions observed by HYSCAT agree well with the buoy data. The root-mean-squared errors （RMSEs） of wind speed and direction for the HYSCAT standard wind products are 1.90 m/s and 22.80°, respectively. For the HYSCAT-ASCAT comparison, the temporal and spatial differences were limited to 1 h and 25 km, respectively. This comparison yielded RMSEs of 1.68 m/s for wind speed and 19.1° for wind direction. We also compared HYSCAT winds with reanalysis data from NCEP. The results show that the RMSEs of wind speed and direction are 2.6 m/s and 26°, respectively. The global distribution of wind speed residuals （HYSCAT-NCEP） is also presented here for evaluation of the HYSCAT-retrieved wind field globally. Considering the large temporal and spatial differences of the collocated data, it is concluded that the HYSCAT-retrieved wind speed and direction met the mission requirements, which were 2 rn/s and 20° for wind speeds in the range 2-24 m/s. These encouraging assessment results show that the wind data obtained from HYSCAT will be useful for the scientific community.

Analysis on the Design of Japan FIT after Fukushima Disaster Using GIS and TIMES Integrated Model

This study aims to illustrate the Japanese electricity supply system after the earthquake with consideration of Japanese uniqueness including its 10 separate grids with weak connections between them and the geographical gap between renewable potential and electricity consumptions using GIS data for a TIMES model. We take FIT （feed-in-tariff） as a policy measure to promote renewables. To consider policies to promote renewables, we need a modelling approach where the electricity system of the entire country is represented with extremely disaggregated information on existing stock and future potentials of renewables. By building up technology models based on detailed disaggregate information on existing stocks and future potentials of renewables at the sub-regional level, we can develop renewables-related policies which reflect more realistic conditions. According to the simulation results, high FIT prices do not guarantee more introductions of renewables. High FIT prices make the huge potential of renewables commercially viable, but at the same time, they limit the maximum introduction of renewables. In addition, a high FIT budget does not guarantee more renewable introduction.