Objective To evaluate the prospective outcome and summarize experience in re-resection for recurrent liver cancer and extrahepatic metastases. Methods The clinical data of 267 patients with recurrent primary liver c...Objective To evaluate the prospective outcome and summarize experience in re-resection for recurrent liver cancer and extrahepatic metastases. Methods The clinical data of 267 patients with recurrent primary liver cancer (PLC) after re-resection from January 1960 to July 2000 were retrospectively analyzed. Re-hepatectomy was performed on 205 cases, resection of extrahepatic metastases on 51 cases and combined resection of recurrent liver cancer and extrahepatic metastases on 11 cases. The clinico-pathologic features, operation type and survival were compared. Results The types of liver re-resection included left lateral lobectomy in 11.2% of patients, hemihepatetomy and extended hemi-hepatectomy in 4.4%, local radical resection in 68.3%, other subsegmentectomy in 17.1%. The peak recurrence rate (64.4%) occurred at 1–2 years. The overall 1-, 3, 5- and 10-year survival rates after second resection were 81.0%, 40.3%, 19.4% and 9.0% respectively, while they were 77.5%, 29.8%, 13.2% and 6.61% respectively after the third resection. The median survival time was 44 months. The re-resection with extrahepatic metastases also provided the possibility of longer survival. Conclusion The results suggest that subsegmentectomy and local excision is appropriate for the hepatic repeat resection. The peak recurrence may be correlated with portal thrombus and operative factor. The re-resection can be indicated not only in intrahepatic recurrent metastases but also in extrahepatic metastases in selected patients. Re-resection has become the treatment of choice for recurrence of PLC, as neither chemotherapy nor other nonsurgical therapies can achieve such favorable results. Key words prospective outcome - re-resection - primary liver cancer - recurrence - extrahepatic metastases展开更多
Information on lead redistribution and speciation changes in anthrosphere can help to analyze the whole lead cycle on the earth. Lead life cycle was traced based on the concepts of anthropogenic transfer and transform...Information on lead redistribution and speciation changes in anthrosphere can help to analyze the whole lead cycle on the earth. Lead life cycle was traced based on the concepts of anthropogenic transfer and transformation. Lead transfer and the distribution of chemical species throughout the anthropogenic flow were identified in 2010 in China. The results show that 1.85 Mt lead ore was consumed(besides 1.287 Mt imported concentrated ore and 1.39 Mt lead scraps. After undergoing transformations, 3.53 Mt lead entered end services in chemical species of Pb, Pb O2 and PbSO4, altogether accounting for over 80% of the total lead products. Finally, 2.10 Mt ore was emitted into the environment in such species as PbSO4(26%), PbO(19%) and Pb(15%). Lead transfer begins in primary raw material sectors, and then transfers to manufacturing sectors. Lead provides services mainly in such industrial sectors as transportation, electrical power and buildings or construction.展开更多
Under the background of increasing energy crisis and global warming,semiconductor-based photocatalysis has received tremendous attention due to its potential application in green energy production,CO_(2) reduction and...Under the background of increasing energy crisis and global warming,semiconductor-based photocatalysis has received tremendous attention due to its potential application in green energy production,CO_(2) reduction and pollutant degradation.The photocatalytic activity of semiconductors,however,remains low due to issues like fast recombination of photo-generated electron-hole pairs,limited electron mobility,restricted optical absorption or insufficient active sites.Designing appropriate heterojunctions is proved to be a promising method to address most of these issues and thus to improve the photocatalytic performance.In this review,the working mechanism of various heterojunctions is presented systematically.The most recent advances of strategies in designing and preparing efficient heterojunction photocatalysts are further summarized and some perspectives on the future directions in this field are provided.展开更多
文摘Objective To evaluate the prospective outcome and summarize experience in re-resection for recurrent liver cancer and extrahepatic metastases. Methods The clinical data of 267 patients with recurrent primary liver cancer (PLC) after re-resection from January 1960 to July 2000 were retrospectively analyzed. Re-hepatectomy was performed on 205 cases, resection of extrahepatic metastases on 51 cases and combined resection of recurrent liver cancer and extrahepatic metastases on 11 cases. The clinico-pathologic features, operation type and survival were compared. Results The types of liver re-resection included left lateral lobectomy in 11.2% of patients, hemihepatetomy and extended hemi-hepatectomy in 4.4%, local radical resection in 68.3%, other subsegmentectomy in 17.1%. The peak recurrence rate (64.4%) occurred at 1–2 years. The overall 1-, 3, 5- and 10-year survival rates after second resection were 81.0%, 40.3%, 19.4% and 9.0% respectively, while they were 77.5%, 29.8%, 13.2% and 6.61% respectively after the third resection. The median survival time was 44 months. The re-resection with extrahepatic metastases also provided the possibility of longer survival. Conclusion The results suggest that subsegmentectomy and local excision is appropriate for the hepatic repeat resection. The peak recurrence may be correlated with portal thrombus and operative factor. The re-resection can be indicated not only in intrahepatic recurrent metastases but also in extrahepatic metastases in selected patients. Re-resection has become the treatment of choice for recurrence of PLC, as neither chemotherapy nor other nonsurgical therapies can achieve such favorable results. Key words prospective outcome - re-resection - primary liver cancer - recurrence - extrahepatic metastases
基金Project(41171361)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Information on lead redistribution and speciation changes in anthrosphere can help to analyze the whole lead cycle on the earth. Lead life cycle was traced based on the concepts of anthropogenic transfer and transformation. Lead transfer and the distribution of chemical species throughout the anthropogenic flow were identified in 2010 in China. The results show that 1.85 Mt lead ore was consumed(besides 1.287 Mt imported concentrated ore and 1.39 Mt lead scraps. After undergoing transformations, 3.53 Mt lead entered end services in chemical species of Pb, Pb O2 and PbSO4, altogether accounting for over 80% of the total lead products. Finally, 2.10 Mt ore was emitted into the environment in such species as PbSO4(26%), PbO(19%) and Pb(15%). Lead transfer begins in primary raw material sectors, and then transfers to manufacturing sectors. Lead provides services mainly in such industrial sectors as transportation, electrical power and buildings or construction.
文摘Under the background of increasing energy crisis and global warming,semiconductor-based photocatalysis has received tremendous attention due to its potential application in green energy production,CO_(2) reduction and pollutant degradation.The photocatalytic activity of semiconductors,however,remains low due to issues like fast recombination of photo-generated electron-hole pairs,limited electron mobility,restricted optical absorption or insufficient active sites.Designing appropriate heterojunctions is proved to be a promising method to address most of these issues and thus to improve the photocatalytic performance.In this review,the working mechanism of various heterojunctions is presented systematically.The most recent advances of strategies in designing and preparing efficient heterojunction photocatalysts are further summarized and some perspectives on the future directions in this field are provided.
