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战后日本的“昭和陆军”研究
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作者 祁建民 《日本侵华南京大屠杀研究》 CSSCI 2024年第1期20-30,140,141,共13页
“昭和陆军”是日本发动侵略战争的主要推手.战后日本无论是官方战史编纂还是旧军人总结,以及学术界研究,多将日本失败原因归结于“昭和陆军”,并围绕失败本质,从国家战略及军队体制、军队社会史和将校培养等方面进行诸多研究.从研究的... “昭和陆军”是日本发动侵略战争的主要推手.战后日本无论是官方战史编纂还是旧军人总结,以及学术界研究,多将日本失败原因归结于“昭和陆军”,并围绕失败本质,从国家战略及军队体制、军队社会史和将校培养等方面进行诸多研究.从研究的总趋势来看,由追究军部的战争失败责任,转向对于战前军队体制和军政关系的实证研究;由将“昭和陆军”视为一种异质的特殊存在,转变为从战前社会历史发展整体脉络中分析其出现的必然性;由对于军队组织体制的制度性研究,转为对于军人行为和思想意识的人性研究.不过这种研究的基本目的还是为日本方面总结经验教训.虽然有些学者已注意到日军对于亚洲国家的伤害问题,但总的来看,对于日军在亚洲太平洋战争中犯下的大量暴行与“昭和陆军”本质上的内在关系依然关注不够、研究未深. 展开更多
关键词 日本 昭和陆军 军队体制 军队社会史 将校培养
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Different Attitudes in Different Regions Aimed at Military Personnel in Turkey
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作者 Sinan Caya 《Sociology Study》 2015年第6期510-518,共9页
Historically Turks had always relied on military power. The culture is rich with martial values to this day. Even each civilian is somewhat soldierly in a sense, in general. Nevertheless, in a more detailed analysis, ... Historically Turks had always relied on military power. The culture is rich with martial values to this day. Even each civilian is somewhat soldierly in a sense, in general. Nevertheless, in a more detailed analysis, in some territories of the country, the prestige enjoyed by the military is more intensive than the average, while in some other territories, respect for military people is much below the average tendency. One might infer that in the former category, it is a question of the regions where the inhabitants are mild, soft-spoken, and compatible. They accordingly admire discipline and display obedient attitudes vis-a-vis governmental authority ever since the Ottoman times, merely as a cultural and traditional trait. Those regions are certainly places where military people today are held in high esteem. In such locations, even the ideal profession for a little boy is indoctrinated as a military career, by the whole family or the surrounding social environment. It should be mentioned that in certain cities and towns, a substantial percentage of the population are represented by immigrants, who got re-patriated along the course of the near history, as the former Ottoman Empire began shrinking in territory due to loss of land, during successive wars. The crushing majority of the Muslim Ottoman subjects in those lost territories preferred leaving their property and escaping into the Anatolian mainland, rather than renouncing their belief and assimilating to the new political regime. Having suffered at the hands of foreign powers, those people have also been especially appreciative of the value of their own soldiers. As for the latter category, dislike of discipline and authority can be mainly attributed to the special social structure and historical circumstances. 展开更多
关键词 ATTITUDE REGION MILITARY
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