复合型现代农业经营体系的内涵变迁及其构建策略

复合型现代农业经营体系是在理顺农村土地所有权、承包权和经营权三者关系基础上,将农户经营、多形式合作与联合以及社会化服务有机结合的新型农业经营体系。构建复合型现代农业经营体系,存在农业经营主体扶持机制不顺、土地流转与规模经营面临制度性障碍、农业社会化服务相对滞后、农业组织化程度偏低等难点。应积极培育新型农业经营主体,稳妥推进土地流转与适度规模经营,积极探索农业经营组织模式创新,加快构建农业社会化服务新机制。

加快辽西林业发展几个问题的探讨

文章针对辽西地区林业发展中存在的矛盾和问题,结合实地调查,进行了深层次分析,提出了今后辽西地区林业发展的主要思路:一是大力发展针叶水土保持用材林;二是积极开展坡耕地农林复合经营;三是重视开发生态经济型灌木树种;四是封山禁牧、以法治林。

发展型小农家庭的兴起:中国农村“半工半耕”结构再认识

20世纪80年代以来,在以市场为主导的工业化和城市化进程中,农村社会普遍形成了"半工半耕"结构,这一结构体现了鲜明的制度化特征,是农民家庭与市场、制度"互构"的结果。在这种制度化的"半工半耕"结构下,农民的家庭收入水平和单位劳动报酬持续增长,农业经营模式日趋多元,农村城市化水平不断提升,从而形成了一种新的农民家庭发展形态——发展型小农家庭。发展型小农家庭既不同于传统的"过密化"小农,也不同于经典理论视角下高度资本化的现代农业企业组织以及资本主义生产关系下的"无产化"小农。随着发展型小农家庭的兴起,农民家庭得以突破长期以来"过密化"农业的低水平增长陷阱,从而实现真正意义上的发展。这充分体现出农民家庭内在的发展潜力,并深刻改变着乡村社会的发展图景。中国农民家庭正在实践中走出一条独特的发展道路。

A Review of the Contemporary Eco-Agricultural Technologies in China

Eco-agriculture is the principal measure for addressing the environmental issues caused by agriculture and an essential direction for agriculture in the future. Meanwhile, the development of eco-agriculture is inseparable from its technical support. At present, the eco-agricultural technologies commonly used in China can be divided into three categories according to their theoretical basis and practical types: the technologies used to realize the precision input of material resources, the technologies used to improve material circulation efficiency, and the technologies that use the principle of species symbiosis. Although these technologies provide essential support for developing eco-agriculture in China, there are also problems associated with their implementation, such as poor technical application and a low level of industrialization. Therefore, in the future development of eco-agriculture technology in China, the technologies producers should take the actual problems as guide and pay attention to the popularization, industrialization, and application of the technologies.