Studies on long-term change of cropland is of great significance to the utilization of land resources and the implementation of scientific agricultural policies. The Korean Peninsula, adjacent to China, plays an impor...Studies on long-term change of cropland is of great significance to the utilization of land resources and the implementation of scientific agricultural policies. The Korean Peninsula, adjacent to China, plays an important role in the international environment of Northeast Asia. The Korean Peninsula includes South Korea and North Korea—two countries that have a great difference in their institutions and economic developments. Therefore, we aim to quantify the spatiotemporal changes of croplands in these two countries using Landsat Thematic Imager(TM) and Operational Land Imager(OLI) imagery, and to compare the differences of cropland changes between the two countries. This paper take full advantage of ODM approach(object-oriented segmentation and decision-tree classification based on multi-season imageries) to obtain the distribution of croplands in 1990 and 2015. Results showed that the overall classification accuracy of cropland data is 91.10% in 1990 and 92.52% in 2015. The croplands were mainly distributed in areas with slopes that were less than 8° and with elevations that were less than 300 m in the Korean Peninsula. However, in other region(slope > 8° or elevation > 300 m), the area and proportion of North Korea's croplands were significantly higher than that of South Korea. Croplands significantly increased by 15.02% in North Korea from 1990 to 2015. In contrast, croplands in South Korea slightly decreased by 1.32%. During the 25 years, policy shift, economic development, population growth, and urban sprawl played primary roles for cropland changes. Additionally, the regional differences of cropland changes were mainly due to different agriculture policies implemented by different countries. The achievements of this study can provide scientific guidance for the protection and sustainability of land resources.展开更多
The objective is to know and to exploit specificities of the local data because Madagascar needs to the media economic surveys deepened on its cultural and social diversities. The problems remain on the facts that the...The objective is to know and to exploit specificities of the local data because Madagascar needs to the media economic surveys deepened on its cultural and social diversities. The problems remain on the facts that the journalists are exceeded by the events and are often constrained to be unaware of the environment of proximity--policies, societies, and economics which could become inexhaustible sources. In this case, how and up to what point will they manage to collect all the data related there, to exploit them and to place them at the disposal of the public？ We chose a methodology of investigation according to the research methods developed for the study of the industrial and agricultural systems （Bear, Gibbon, Haggblade, ＆ Ritchie, 1993; Boomgard, Davies, Haggblade, ＆ Mead, 1992; Laurent, 1993; Montigaud, 1992） in order to establish the cartography of the media, the actors, the sets of themes to the menu. This enabled us to raise a whole proliferation of the media. The lnternet has also been diffused since 1997.展开更多
The objective of the work is to define and evaluate the normative approach in the programming and implementation of rural development in the European Union countries. Main focus is to determine the objectives and meth...The objective of the work is to define and evaluate the normative approach in the programming and implementation of rural development in the European Union countries. Main focus is to determine the objectives and methods of implementation and achieve these objectives in various ideological documents, strategies, programs, and development policies. The present work was created on the basis of documents and publications by community bodies and institutions as well as open literature on this subject. The study presents ways of defining rural areas, strategies, and development programs in Europe （Lisbon Strategy, Europe 2020 Strategy）, tasks of major Community policies towards rural areas （common agricultural policy, cohesion policy）, Cork ideological declarations, multifunctional development concepts and smart development. Innovative approaches include the concept of smart city, smart village, smart specializations of regions, and the urban-rural partnerships.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of Key Deployment Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KZZD-EW-08-02)
文摘Studies on long-term change of cropland is of great significance to the utilization of land resources and the implementation of scientific agricultural policies. The Korean Peninsula, adjacent to China, plays an important role in the international environment of Northeast Asia. The Korean Peninsula includes South Korea and North Korea—two countries that have a great difference in their institutions and economic developments. Therefore, we aim to quantify the spatiotemporal changes of croplands in these two countries using Landsat Thematic Imager(TM) and Operational Land Imager(OLI) imagery, and to compare the differences of cropland changes between the two countries. This paper take full advantage of ODM approach(object-oriented segmentation and decision-tree classification based on multi-season imageries) to obtain the distribution of croplands in 1990 and 2015. Results showed that the overall classification accuracy of cropland data is 91.10% in 1990 and 92.52% in 2015. The croplands were mainly distributed in areas with slopes that were less than 8° and with elevations that were less than 300 m in the Korean Peninsula. However, in other region(slope > 8° or elevation > 300 m), the area and proportion of North Korea's croplands were significantly higher than that of South Korea. Croplands significantly increased by 15.02% in North Korea from 1990 to 2015. In contrast, croplands in South Korea slightly decreased by 1.32%. During the 25 years, policy shift, economic development, population growth, and urban sprawl played primary roles for cropland changes. Additionally, the regional differences of cropland changes were mainly due to different agriculture policies implemented by different countries. The achievements of this study can provide scientific guidance for the protection and sustainability of land resources.
文摘The objective is to know and to exploit specificities of the local data because Madagascar needs to the media economic surveys deepened on its cultural and social diversities. The problems remain on the facts that the journalists are exceeded by the events and are often constrained to be unaware of the environment of proximity--policies, societies, and economics which could become inexhaustible sources. In this case, how and up to what point will they manage to collect all the data related there, to exploit them and to place them at the disposal of the public？ We chose a methodology of investigation according to the research methods developed for the study of the industrial and agricultural systems （Bear, Gibbon, Haggblade, ＆ Ritchie, 1993; Boomgard, Davies, Haggblade, ＆ Mead, 1992; Laurent, 1993; Montigaud, 1992） in order to establish the cartography of the media, the actors, the sets of themes to the menu. This enabled us to raise a whole proliferation of the media. The lnternet has also been diffused since 1997.
文摘The objective of the work is to define and evaluate the normative approach in the programming and implementation of rural development in the European Union countries. Main focus is to determine the objectives and methods of implementation and achieve these objectives in various ideological documents, strategies, programs, and development policies. The present work was created on the basis of documents and publications by community bodies and institutions as well as open literature on this subject. The study presents ways of defining rural areas, strategies, and development programs in Europe （Lisbon Strategy, Europe 2020 Strategy）, tasks of major Community policies towards rural areas （common agricultural policy, cohesion policy）, Cork ideological declarations, multifunctional development concepts and smart development. Innovative approaches include the concept of smart city, smart village, smart specializations of regions, and the urban-rural partnerships.
