Reviews on Agricultural Nonpoint Source Pollution Monitoring Techniques and Methods

Farmland nutrient loss has become one of the main reason causing agri- cultural nonpoint source pollution and water nitrogen, phosphorus eutrophication. Agricultural nonpoint source pollution monitoring techniques and methods are very important in agricultural nonpoint source pollution control. This paper reviews the various monitoring techniques of agricultural non-point source pollution, including runoff pollutant monitoring, leaching pollutant monitoring and on-line monitoring. The runoff pollutant monitoring methods are mainly included artificial simulation of rain- fall runoff method, flow meter method, weir method and volumetric method. The leaching pollutant monitoring methods are mainly included leaching plate method, leaching gutter method, leakage pooling method, pumping filter pipe method and simulating soil column method. Although online monitoring of farmland nutrient loss still exists some technical bottlenecks and economic limitations, it is the future di- rection of development.

重庆南湖水源地保护工程人工湿地的雨季运行特点

人工湿地是近年来日益受到关注的一项农业径流面源污染控制技术。结合重庆市南湖水源地保护工程的人工湿地工程实例,分析了该农业区雨季径流的水质、水量特征,并对人工湿地的运行特点以及不同运行方式下的除污效果进行了研究。结果表明,用于农业径流处理的人工湿地为典型非稳态运行人工湿地,在降雨影响下进水量和出水量并不相等,适合用径流平均浓度(EMC)去除率评估其污染物净化效能;在雨季进水水量和水质随机波动的情况下,人工湿地的出水COD、NH4^+-N、TN以及浊度值稳定,均能达到设计要求,但对TP的去除效果受进水量的影响明显,进水TP为0. 11~0. 34 mg/L时,出水TP的EMC值为0. 16 mg/L,未达到设计要求。