农林复合土地利用模式与农业文化遗产景观可持续性的相关性

在当今单一土地利用造成危机的背景下,农林复合土地利用模式对于农业文化遗产景观可持续发展的价值值得关注。深入研究农林复合土地利用模式在中国重要农业文化遗产系统(China National Important Agricultural Heritage System,China-NIAHS)中的重要性,及其对China-NIAHS景观可持续性的影响。基于对118个China-NIAHS的资料解析,运用多种指标评估其中农林复合土地利用模式的重要性以及China-NIAHS的景观可持续性,并进行了相关性分析。研究结果表明,农林复合土地利用模式在大多数China-NIAHS中至关重要,其重要性与多数景观可持续性指标显著相关,尤其在生物多样性、收入多样性、资源利用程度方面。讨论了研究结果对国土尺度下的农业文化遗产景观可持续发展的启示。

日本里山农业文化遗产景观保护和利用政策实施与经验解读

十九大以来,乡村振兴与农业农村现代化作为国家方针战略地位逐步提升。乡村振兴重点在于优化农业生产模式与农村人居环境,其中的“新”与“旧”的矛盾日渐凸显,如何在立新的大背景下兼顾传统农业文化遗产景观并落实保护工作,将成为今后的重要课题。选取日本里山作为研究对象,梳理日本典型农业遗产景观历史及保护利用沿革,并针对日本现行最新的重要里山保护策略,运用空间、语义等分析方法,对日本现行的农业文化遗产景观保护与利用政策实施现状及经验展开评估分析讨论,以期为中国农业文化遗产保护与利用工作提供思路与经验参考。

Values and Conservation of Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System as a GIAHS Site

Agri-cultural Heritage Systems（AHS） have not only various values but also important enlightening roles for modern agriculture.With agro-scientific and technological progress,the traditional agriculture that has lasted for thousands of years is declining gradually,thus is attached the importance of exploring and protecting our AHS.As a traditional agricultural system for 1300 years,the Honghe Hani Rice Terraces System（HHRTS） has many significant characteristics such as beautiful landscapes,distinctive rice varieties,ecologically clean agricultural production systems,systematic methods of managing water and soil and special ethnic culture.It was designated successively as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System（GIAHS） in 2010 and as a World Heritage（WH） in 2013.In this paper,taking HHRTS as an example,we analyzed the economic,ecological,aesthetic,cultural,and social values,as well as the research values,of the GIAHS.We conclude that the restrictions on increasing peasant earnings and improving their living standards are difficult with the low efficiency of traditional planting patterns and the single-industry structure of farming in rugged terrain.However,these restrictive factors are beneficial for developing some industries like green agriculture,organic agriculture or ecological food production because of the clean farmland environment.In the end,we propose the basic approaches to protect the Hani terraces agriculture system should include the local governments to encourage the development of ecotourism,organic agriculture and featuring agriculture by multi-mode economic compensation.It is very important for protecting terraces to coordinate benefits among corporations,governments and villagers by making reasonable policies of compensation.

Challenges and Countermeasures for the Sustainable Development of Nationally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems in China

In 2012 the Ministry of Agriculture of China launched a project exploring Nationaly Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （China-NIAHS）. Through two rounds of applications and selection in 2012 and 2013, 39 traditional agricultural systems were selected and designated as China-NIAHS, including 19 forestry systems, 14 planting systems, four agricultural complex systems and two other systems. From a system origin perspective there were 24 agricultural systems, some dating back 1000 years. Twenty heritage systems are located in areas inhabited by ethnic minorities. Agricultural heritage systems face general challenges, such as ecosystem degradation and destruction, loss and abandonment of traditional agricultural technologies and landscapes, lagging agriculture scale and industrialization, and limited farmer beneift-sharing and incentives. Compared to other types of heritage, the conservation and development of agricultural heritage systems is more complex and dififcult. In order to achieve sustainable development of agricultural heritage systems, the government should play a leading role and improve ifnancial support functions. Local people should also explore market-oriented approaches and adaptive management methods on protection and development of NIAHS. Multi-participation and beneift-sharing mechanisms should be established and basic research needs to be strengthened.