本文分别依据成书于18世纪中英两国的具有代表性农书《知本提纲》(zhiben ti gang)与《马力中耕农法》(The Horse-hoing Husbandry),加以较为详尽的论述对比,来说明当时中英两国农业生产的情况及特点。并证实其前期的水平,是以劳动集约...本文分别依据成书于18世纪中英两国的具有代表性农书《知本提纲》(zhiben ti gang)与《马力中耕农法》(The Horse-hoing Husbandry),加以较为详尽的论述对比,来说明当时中英两国农业生产的情况及特点。并证实其前期的水平,是以劳动集约为主侧重种植业的中国,在总体成就上高于英国。而英国的农业在此之前虽已呈现变革的肇端,但尚未完成;至于工业革命是在本世纪后期方始启动仍在进行之中。如仅就农艺学角度来看,18世纪的中国似更先进,实际上英国粮作单产与畜产品供应却都有所增加,其原因则可归之于劳动生产率的提高。在此之后的发展变革趋势,侧重工程技术的英国随即超过仍沿袭精耕细作仅以生物技术为主的中国,而先于中国实现了农业的近代化的历史进程。展开更多
Sugar cane is a principal agricultural product in Egypt. Over 48% of its area is grown in Qena governorate. The agricultural extension system should identify problems and needs for farmers and provide them with their ...Sugar cane is a principal agricultural product in Egypt. Over 48% of its area is grown in Qena governorate. The agricultural extension system should identify problems and needs for farmers and provide them with their solutions. The main objective of this paper was to know production and marketing problems for sugar cane growers in Qena govemorate, Egypt. Six focus groups were organized for farmers in two villages and a survey was conducted on 224 extension personnel or 93 % of all extension personnel at districts and villages levels in Qena govemorate to collect necessary data. The most important perceived production problems were： spread of weeds and insects, weak role of agricultural extension, shortage and high costs of fertilizers and labor, and high costs of production, insecticides and irrigation. The most important perceived marketing problems were： high costs and unsystematic cutting, shortage and high costs of transportation, delay of cutting and delivery of product to the factory, inaccurate weigh and low prices of the product. A great role lies on the agricultural extension system to identify such problems and provide farmers with their solutions in order to increase the agricultural productivity of this crop in Qena govemorate.展开更多
文摘本文分别依据成书于18世纪中英两国的具有代表性农书《知本提纲》(zhiben ti gang)与《马力中耕农法》(The Horse-hoing Husbandry),加以较为详尽的论述对比,来说明当时中英两国农业生产的情况及特点。并证实其前期的水平,是以劳动集约为主侧重种植业的中国,在总体成就上高于英国。而英国的农业在此之前虽已呈现变革的肇端,但尚未完成;至于工业革命是在本世纪后期方始启动仍在进行之中。如仅就农艺学角度来看,18世纪的中国似更先进,实际上英国粮作单产与畜产品供应却都有所增加,其原因则可归之于劳动生产率的提高。在此之后的发展变革趋势,侧重工程技术的英国随即超过仍沿袭精耕细作仅以生物技术为主的中国,而先于中国实现了农业的近代化的历史进程。
文摘Sugar cane is a principal agricultural product in Egypt. Over 48% of its area is grown in Qena governorate. The agricultural extension system should identify problems and needs for farmers and provide them with their solutions. The main objective of this paper was to know production and marketing problems for sugar cane growers in Qena govemorate, Egypt. Six focus groups were organized for farmers in two villages and a survey was conducted on 224 extension personnel or 93 % of all extension personnel at districts and villages levels in Qena govemorate to collect necessary data. The most important perceived production problems were： spread of weeds and insects, weak role of agricultural extension, shortage and high costs of fertilizers and labor, and high costs of production, insecticides and irrigation. The most important perceived marketing problems were： high costs and unsystematic cutting, shortage and high costs of transportation, delay of cutting and delivery of product to the factory, inaccurate weigh and low prices of the product. A great role lies on the agricultural extension system to identify such problems and provide farmers with their solutions in order to increase the agricultural productivity of this crop in Qena govemorate.
