我国一级农业类区的划分及其持续发展战略

姜学民,杨钢桥:我国一级农业类区的划分及其持续发展战略,《生态农业研究》,3(4)1995:22—25 根据国家农业部“九五——2010年农业科技规划与发展战略”的总体要求,本文从自然生态条件、农业产业结构、经济发展水平、农村社会及民俗人文相结合的宏观高度,探讨了我国农业一级生态区、亚区和基地设置及其发展战略。

金化“奔马”牌磷二铵与美国磷二铵在我省不同农业生态类区的应用效果

１９９９年甘肃省农技推广总站在我省不同农业生态类区进行“奔马”牌磷二铵与美国磷二铵单因素大田肥效对比试验,证明国产磷二铵与进口磷二铵的肥效相当。

APPROACH TO THE REGIONALIZATION OF A GRICULTURAL-PASTURALIZATION AROUND CHANGSHAN ISLANDS IN NORTHERN YELLOW SEA

Based on the data of resources,environment and foundation of productio n,applying principal compo-nents-clustering quantitative analysis,this article divides the maritime space of Changshan Islands into three regions of agricultural-pasturalization,pr oviding a scientific basis for the ra tional distribution of marine culti vation.The three re-gions are as follows:1)The region of an agricultural-pastu ralization in the northern part of ma ritime space.It includes Da Wangjia and Shicheng islands.The ma in production is cultivation of praw n and molluscs in sea beach,float raft culture of mussel in shallow sea and scallop,and breeding of sea cucumber in subma rine.2)The region of agricultur-al-pasturalization in the middle we stern part of maritime space.It includes Da Changshan and Guanglu island s,and west-ern part of Xiao Chengshan Island.The main production is float raft cultu re of mussel and scallop in shallow se a,and breed-ing of sea cucumber in submarine.3)The region of agricultural-pastura lization of the southeastern part of maritime space.It includes the eastern part of Xiao ChangShan Island,Haiyang and Zhangzi islands.The main production is bre eding of abalone,sea cucumber,algaes and fish.

A Survey of Pesticide Residues in Pollen Collected by Honey Bees from Four Different Types of Agricultural Production Areas in Slovenia

150 pollen samples collected between the years 2009 and 2011 from 30 locations, divided according to agricultural practice were analysed for the presence of pesticides. In 2009, residues were found in pollen samples from twelve locations （40%）, in 2010, in samples from four locations （13.3%） and in 2011, in samples from three locations （10%）. Altogether 15 different residues in pollen were found in 2009, two in year 2010 and five in 2011. Residues found in the pollen samples ranged from 0.001 mg/kg to 76 mg/kg. The highest number （twelve） of residues was found in pollen from the intensive fruit farming locations and from the intensive viticulture locations （eight）. The residues were mostly from the fungicide group （69%）. Insecticide residues （chlorpyrifos-ethyl, methoxyfenozide, thiacloprid） were found in the pollen samples from eight locations. Residues in the pollen did not statistically influence the development of the honeybee colonies or infestation rate of Nosema （Nosema spp.）, or viruses ABPV （acute bee paralysis virus）, SBV （sacbrood virus）, DWV （deformed wing virus）, and BQCV （black queen cell virus））.

The Effect of Human Activities on the Quality of Water at UMhlathuze River （Northern Coast of Kwa-Zulu Natal, RSA）： The Case of Agricultural and Industrial Developments

UMhlathuze River is the main recipient of domestic sewage, industrial as well as agricultural waste from local industrial and agricultural practices. It is the effluent ＂dumping sites＂ for most human activity practices. Contamination of UMhlathuze River by agricultural and industrial developments makes communities around UMhlathuze area susceptible to potential outbreaks of water-borne illnesses as well as the risk of ingesting carcinogenic substances. In establishment of the effect of human developments on the UMhlathuze River, four different sites representing different human activities were used for sampling along the river. Temperature and pH were monitored in siitu and were found to vary between 19-21℃and 6.2-7.8, respectively. Chemical oxygen demand （COD） was found to be higher in areas affected by both industrial and agricultural activities. Spectroquadrant Pharo 300 （Merck） was used for chemical analysis of water. Agricultural waste recipient area had high concentration of phosphate, ammonia and nitrate. Parts of the river receiving effluent from treated wastewater had high sulphide, nitrate and ammonia concentrations. Industrial areas had high concentration of heavy metals （e.g., aluminium）. Microorganisms found in all sites included Escherichia coli and species of Salmonella, Shigella, Citrobacter, Serratia and Enterobacter, although their quantities differed from agricultural to industrial sites. There was a positive correlation between contamination levels and human activities which ascribe river pollution to activities around the area. Agricultural and industrial development activities practiced around UMhlathuze River have a huge contribution to the continued deterioration of the quality of water at UMhlathuze River.

The Effect of Land Use on Soil Organic Carbon Stocks in Lake Victoria Crescent Agro-Ecological Zone, Uganda

The effect of land use on soil organic carbon （SOC） stocks and depth distribution of SOC was investigated in the Lake Victoria Crescent ago-ecological zone of Uganda. Soil samples were collected from six land use types at 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm from profile pits dug in similar soils and slopes. Results indicated that SOC stocks significantly differed across the various land use systems. SOC also varied significantly by depth. The highest SOC and pH were recorded under natural forest-strict nature. Grassland had the lowest SOC but the highest bulk density （BD）. Phosphorous （P） was the highest in banana-coffee systems and the lowest under tea plantations. The lowest values of pH and BD were found in highly disturbed natural forest. The upper layers of the soil （0-30 cm） stored higher amounts of SOC compared to other depths （30-60 cm and 60-90 cm）. Land use therefore has a significant effect on SOC and other soil physical and chemical properties.