农业的起源和传播强化了人类适应和改造自然环境的能力,对全球生态系统产生了深刻的影响,并促进了人类文化的发展以及文明的起源。华北地区是粟作农业起源的核心地带,新石器时代以来的考古遗迹众多,文化序列完整,是研究早期作物起源及...农业的起源和传播强化了人类适应和改造自然环境的能力,对全球生态系统产生了深刻的影响,并促进了人类文化的发展以及文明的起源。华北地区是粟作农业起源的核心地带,新石器时代以来的考古遗迹众多,文化序列完整,是研究早期作物起源及农业演化的理想区域。本研究在淇河流域植物大遗存分析的基础上,收集了华北地区中全新世9~3 ka B.P.期间粟(Setaria italica)、黍(Panicum miliaceum)、水稻(Oryza sativa)、小麦(Triticum aestivum)和大豆(Glycine max)5种农作物数据,并结合气候、地貌等信息系统分析了淇河流域中全新世农业结构演化及其对环境的适应过程。研究表明,淇河流域农业经济结构演化特征与整个华北地区相比具有同步性。中全新世以来,适宜的气候环境为农业的发展和传播提供了有利的自然条件,水稻不断向北传播,在6.3 ka B.P.前后已经进入淇河流域,形成以粟、黍、水稻为主的混合农业体系;5.5 ka B.P.前后,随着气候的波动以及湿地的衰退,水稻逐渐退出淇河流域,农业结构演变为以粟、黍为主的旱作农业;3.5 ka B.P.前后随着小麦的传入,该地区形成以粟、黍、小麦为主的传统旱作农业体系。此外,华北地区中全新世以来农业结构的演化与气候环境及地貌之间存在显著的相关性,气候的周期性变化导致生业模式及农作物组合特征适时调整。地貌类型对农业也有着一定的影响和制约作用,对史前聚居点的分布、农业结构都产生了显著影响。展开更多
Based on urban-rural contrast coefficient,this article designs the agriculture relative development index(ARDI) as indicators measuring the intensity of urban-rural dual structure which is comparable among the countri...Based on urban-rural contrast coefficient,this article designs the agriculture relative development index(ARDI) as indicators measuring the intensity of urban-rural dual structure which is comparable among the countries of the world.This article calculates ARDI of 40 countries from 1980 to 2004.The result shows that ARDI in the developed countries and most of the middle-income countries are rising and yet there are declines in most of the low-income countries.The result also showed that most countries' ARDI will see a decline at the earlier stage of industrialization,so their dual economic structure will also aggravate and urban-rural gap will widen.With the economic development,the tendency will change and ARDI presents a U-shape change overall.The turning point is when a country becomes a middle-income one.展开更多
文摘农业的起源和传播强化了人类适应和改造自然环境的能力,对全球生态系统产生了深刻的影响,并促进了人类文化的发展以及文明的起源。华北地区是粟作农业起源的核心地带,新石器时代以来的考古遗迹众多,文化序列完整,是研究早期作物起源及农业演化的理想区域。本研究在淇河流域植物大遗存分析的基础上,收集了华北地区中全新世9~3 ka B.P.期间粟(Setaria italica)、黍(Panicum miliaceum)、水稻(Oryza sativa)、小麦(Triticum aestivum)和大豆(Glycine max)5种农作物数据,并结合气候、地貌等信息系统分析了淇河流域中全新世农业结构演化及其对环境的适应过程。研究表明,淇河流域农业经济结构演化特征与整个华北地区相比具有同步性。中全新世以来,适宜的气候环境为农业的发展和传播提供了有利的自然条件,水稻不断向北传播,在6.3 ka B.P.前后已经进入淇河流域,形成以粟、黍、水稻为主的混合农业体系;5.5 ka B.P.前后,随着气候的波动以及湿地的衰退,水稻逐渐退出淇河流域,农业结构演变为以粟、黍为主的旱作农业;3.5 ka B.P.前后随着小麦的传入,该地区形成以粟、黍、小麦为主的传统旱作农业体系。此外,华北地区中全新世以来农业结构的演化与气候环境及地貌之间存在显著的相关性,气候的周期性变化导致生业模式及农作物组合特征适时调整。地貌类型对农业也有着一定的影响和制约作用,对史前聚居点的分布、农业结构都产生了显著影响。
基金Under the auspices of the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 40635029)
文摘Based on urban-rural contrast coefficient,this article designs the agriculture relative development index(ARDI) as indicators measuring the intensity of urban-rural dual structure which is comparable among the countries of the world.This article calculates ARDI of 40 countries from 1980 to 2004.The result shows that ARDI in the developed countries and most of the middle-income countries are rising and yet there are declines in most of the low-income countries.The result also showed that most countries' ARDI will see a decline at the earlier stage of industrialization,so their dual economic structure will also aggravate and urban-rural gap will widen.With the economic development,the tendency will change and ARDI presents a U-shape change overall.The turning point is when a country becomes a middle-income one.
