创新农村公共产品和公共服务供给机制的思考——以靖江市为例

2012年初,江苏省靖江市被省委、省政府确定为全省13个农村改革试验区之一,并作为中央农村工作领导小组办公室农村改革试验联系点,承担"创新农村公共产品和公共服务供给机制"的改革试验任务。靖江市委、市政府按照省委、省政府的统一部署,结合全市经济社会发展实际,加强领导,精心组织,健全机制,落实责任,把推进改革试验作为率先基本实现现代化的重要抓手和进一步改善农村民生的重要载体,在靖江市马桥、东兴、新桥、生祠、

强化科技支撑 促进产业发展

重庆市农技推广总站一直把做好农综科技推广项目的科技支撑作为全市农业技术推广服务的一项重要工作来抓,长期以来与市农综办和各区县农综办保持了良好的联系与互动。科技支撑范围涉及粮油、蔬菜、柑橘、茶叶等种植业各个产业,技术环节涉及品种、肥水管理、病虫害综合防治等。整个技术支撑工作对提高成熟技术的集成与转化效率,促进全市农业产业的发展和技术进步发挥了重要作用。

尽全力打赢抗旱春管这场硬仗

近年来,我市高度重视粮食生产,认真贯彻落实中央和省里关于加强粮食生产的一系列方针政策,连续8年丰产丰收,对全市发展、稳定起到了重要的基础性保障作用。但是,由于农业基础差、抗灾能力弱、比较效益低。

Water Resource Management and Its Role in Development of Integrated Mountainous Agriculture——A Case from Ningnan County of Sichuan Province

This paper reviewed rainwater collection and water resource management in Ningnan County in southwestern mountain of China,as a case study for solving the problems of water management in a simple and sustainable way. In this mountainous agriculture system,private agricultural enterprises were introduced into local mountain agriculture to solve capital fund shortage for the construction of rainwater harvesting system. Agreement was signed by private agriculture enterprises with the target farmers to subscribe for the household agriculture production at a protection price. Cash invested by the enterprise and subsidy from the government were collected for purchasing materials,while the farmers supplied labors for the construction of water harvesting systems. The system solved the share of input and benefits between the local government,enterprise and household farms successfully. In addition,the micro water harvesting tanks and micro irrigate systems extend quickly in this mountainous county. Up to 2007,more than 12 000 rainwater harvesting tanks had been established and more than 8.5×104 hm2 dry arable land accounting for nearly 75% of the total arable land had been irrigated efficiently. Per capita income of farmer had been increased by 14 times in the past 20 years. Considerable potential for further improvement in implementation of the models for solving water shortage and water resource management in mountain region maybe depend on more local private agriculture enterprises and households than the government.

AN ASSESSMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPING CAPABILITY OF INTEGRATED AGRICULTURAL REGIONALIZATION IN CHINA

Based on the provincial units evaluation, this paper makes an assessment forsustainable developing capability of the integrated agricultural regionalization in China. At first,an index system of agricultural sustainable development in China is built up, which includes 5supporting subsystems of agricultural resources, agricultural development, environment andecosystem, rural society, sciences-education and management. We selected 95 factors on provinciallevel as basic indexes. Second, a relative assets/debt assessing method is used to gain relative netassets values (relative superiority) of every provincial unit, which are as supporting data forassessment. We also overlaid the Administrative Divisions Map of China and the Map of IntegratedAgricultural Regionalization of China by Geography Information System (GIS) to gain the area unitsof assessment. Third, according to the relative coherence principle of regionalizaticn, we transformadministration units to natural units through homogenizing all provincial relative net assetsvalues in every agricultural assessing unit. After making order and grade, we complete thesustainable developing capability assessment to integrated agricultural regionalization in China.The assessing outcome shows that the total sustainable agricultural developing capability of Chinais not high. Only about 1 /3 in number or in area has reached the level of agricultural sustainabledevelopment. The relative net assets values exists a reducing trend from East China to West China.It needs a long period and great efforts to realize sustainable agricultural development over allChina. Finally, there is a discussion to the study method.

Reflections on the management of agricultural economy in transition time of agricultural economy

In recent years, although farmers＇ income from agriculture is declining year by year, but the agricultural one is still the most important source of income. Factors determining the size of the total agricultural income are two sides： one is agricultural prices and the other is agricultural production. Obviously, because enhancements of China agricultural production capacity and several price increases of agricultural products, market saturation occurs in China＇ s major agricultural products and the price is close to or above the average level of international market. Simply relying on production increase and price hike has no longer satisfied growth needs of agricultural income.

A Study on the performance evaluation of the agricultural comprehensive development project

Agricultural comprehensive development project is an important component of our country＇s financial expenditure. Making a reasonable evaluation of comprehensive agricultural development projects is not only to guarantee high quality of project implementation, but also of practical significance to the enhancement of our country＇ s comprehensive agricultural production capacity. Being based on the present situation and characteristics of the project, this paper has raised the general thinking about the overall performance evaluation for the project and analyzed the dimension factors in the evaluation system.

Research on the agricultural comprehensive development project performance evaluation problems and countermeasures

The agricultural comprehensive development project performance evaluation refers to the evaluation and assessment of the expected target original and effectiveness after the completion of a project, discuss how to according to different projects to form a reasonable evaluation system for agricultural comprehensive development project, make a reasonable assessment, which can not only ensure the project quality, but also to achieve the project plans to further improve and perfect, make agricultural development operation became more efficient, so it has the practical significance. This paper describes the construction of the performance evaluation system of agricultural comprehensive development project problems, and puts forward some countermeasures for construction of agricultural comprehensive development project performance evaluation system.

China’s Growing Global Contributions

The UN Food and Agriculture Organization（FAO）awarded China on June 7,2015 for its share in reducing the global proportion of people suffering from hunger.China has witnessed remarkable achievements over the past three decades since the launch of its reform and opening-up policy.Rapid development of comprehensive national strength and a higher standard of living have laid a solid foundation for the country to assume more international responsibilities in accordance with its ability and world status.

Microbial Remediation of Heavy Metal(loid)Contaminated Soil: A Review

Because of the rapid development of industrial processes, increased urban pollution and agricultural chemicals applied in recent years, heavy metal(loid) pollution in soil has been very serious, and there is an urgent need for fast and efficient removal of heavy metal(loid) pollution. Currently, environmental microorganisms are always used to perform biological alteration or improvement of soils and sewage. Using functional microorganisms that are resistant to toxic heavy metal(loid) ions for alteration and transformation of heavy metal(loid)s in ionic form is an effective measure for microbial remediation of heavy metal(loid)contaminated soil. This paper reviewed the microbial remediation mechanism of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soils, and the approaches for breeding bacteria those can be used for highly efficient removal of heavy metal(loid)s, as well as the application examples of microbial remediation and transformation of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soil, and finally described the future trends and further research work of heavy metal(loid) contaminated soils by microbial remediation.

争创“特中之特、优中之优、强中之强”新农垦

2011年宁夏农垦在自治区党委、政府的坚强领导下,坚持以科学发展观为主题,以加快转变经济发展方式为主线,在深化改革中开拓前行,在加快发展中砥砺奋进,保持了农垦经济社会全面持续发展的好势头,呈现出"增长快、运行稳、质量高、效益好"的特点,实现了农垦"十二五"规划的开门红。

贯彻十七大精神 建设高水平小康 奋力开创京口更好更快发展的新局面

2008年是全面贯彻落实党的十七大精神的开局之年,京口区将高扬"跨越奋进、快速提升"的主基调,大力开展"项目建设深化年"、"园区建设突破年"、"小康建设提升年"活动,努力实现经济社会发展的全面进步。

Strategic transformation of regionalization for the agricultural comprehensive development: The example of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China

Strategic transformation of regionalization for agricultural comprehensive development(ACD) was presented by the Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China(MOF) in 2014. The regionalization is the premise and basis of the sustainable development and improved competitiveness for agriculture. Based on the environmental resources related to agriculture, such as cropland, climate, water resources, terrain, geomorphology, patterns of the ACD projects, distribution of ecological planning, etc., we devised 13 indices using the geographic comprehensive regionalization method. The indices took into account a combination of dynamic and static, qualitative and quantitative, as well as agricultural and ecological factors. The strategic transformation of regionalization for the ACD in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China was performed; seven types were included: prioritized regions, prioritized and restricted regions, protected regions, protected and restricted regions, restricted and prioritized regions, restricted and protected regions, and restricted regions. A further 24 subtypes were used based on locations and ecological zones. The regionalization results showed that prioritized regions were mainly in northern Ningxia, the most suitable area for agriculture. The protected and restricted regions were in central and southern Ningxia. In the central part, drought was the limiting factor for agriculture, and water conservation projects there should be supported. The ecological environment is fragile in southern Ningxia, so there is a need for ecologically sound agriculture to be developed in this region. Such regionaliza-tion could achieve two goals, namely agricultural conservation and eco-environmental protection. It was performed following the requirement for scientific regionalization to include three types of regions(prioritized regions, protected regions, and restricted regions), and was applied at the township scale in a provincial or autonomous region for the first time. The results provide both guidance for the strategic transformation of the ACD in Ningxia, and a reference for similar work in other provinces.

Soil-Plant-Microbe Interactions in Stressed Agriculture Management:A Review

The expected rise in temperature and decreased precipitation owing to climate change and unabated anthropogenic activities add complexity and uncertainty to agro-industry. The impact of soil nutrient imbalance, mismanaged use of chemicals, high temperature, flood or drought, soil salinity, and heavy metal pollutions, with regard to food security, is increasingly being explored worldwide. This review describes the role of soil-plant-microbe interactions along with organic manure in solving stressed agriculture problems. Beneficial microbes associated with plants are known to stimulate plant growth and enhance plant resistance to biotic （diseases） and abiotic （salinity, drought, pollutions, etc.） stresses. The plant growth-promoting rhizobemteria （PGPR） and mycorrhizae, a key component of soil microbiota, could play vital roles in the maintenance of plant fitness and soil health under stressed environments. The application of organic manure as a soil conditioner to stressed soils along with suitable microbial strains could further enhance the plant-microbe associations and increase the crop yield. A combination of plant, stress-tolerant microbe, and organic amendment represents the tripartite association to offer a favourable environment to the proliferation of beneficial rhizosphere microbes that in turn enhance the plant growth performance in disturbed agro-ecosystem. Agriculture land use patterns with the proper exploitation of plant-microbe associations, with compatible beneficial microbial agents, could be one of the most effective strategies in the management of the concerned agriculture lands owing to climate change resilience. However, the association of such microbes with plants for stressed agriculture management still needs to be explored in greater depth.

Remediation of Heavy Metal-Polluted Agricultural Soils Using Clay Minerals： A Review

Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils poses risks and hazards to humans. The remediation of heavy metal-polluted soils has become a hot topic in environmental science and engineering. In this review, the application of clay minerals for the remediation of heavy metal-polluted agricultural soils is summarized, in terms of their remediation effects and mechanisms, influencing factors, and future focus. Typical clay minerals, natural sepiolite, palygorskite, and bentonite, have been widely utilized for the in-situ immobilization of heavy metals in soils, especially Cd-polluted paddy soils and wastewater-irrigated farmland soils. Clay minerals are able to increase soil pH, decrease the chemical-extractable fractions and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils, and reduce the heavy metal contents in edible parts of plants. The immobilization effects have been confirmed in field-scale demonstrations and pot trials. Clay minerals can improve the environmental quality of soils and alleviate the hazards of heavy metals to plants. As main factors affecting the immobilization effects, the pH and water condition of soils have drawn academic attention. The remediation mechanisms mainly include liming, precipitation, and sorption effects. However, the molecular mechanisms of microscopic immobilization are unclear. F^ture studies should focus on the long-term stability and improvement of clay minerals in order to obtain a better remediation effect.

Quantitative characterization and comprehensive evaluation of regional water resources using the Three Red Lines method

Based on the synergetic development of new industrialization, rapid urbanization and agricultural modernization(IUAM), and from the viewpoint of interactive relationships between water resources and regional population, eco-environment, economy and society, the concepts of water resources intensity(WRI), water environment intensity(WEI), water resources relative efficiency(WRRE) and water environment relative efficiency(WERE) are defined with reference to energy intensity, resources efficiency and environment efficiency theory. On the basis of benchmarking theory, the quantitative characterization and evaluation method of "Three Red Lines"(the upper limit of water resources allocation, the baseline of utilization efficiency of water resources and the upper limit of sewage discharge) is proposed. According to these concepts and models, an empirical analysis of the Three Red Lines of water resources on the Chinese mainland between 2003 and 2012 was carried out. The results showed that total water consumption in eastern, central and western parts of China possesses "club convergence" characteristics, which means these areas have similar internal conditions appeared convergence in the development. Inter-provincial differences in water consumption continue to decrease, but the north–south differentiation characteristics in the eastern and central regions were still relatively obvious, while provincial differences in the eastern part were at a minimum and the central region had the largest. Water Resources Efficiency(WRE) of all four sectors in the Southwest rivers and Huaihe River basins were generally high. Industrial WRRE in the Songhua River, Yangtze River and Pearl River basins, agricultural WRRE in the Songhua River, Yellow River and northwestern river basins and domestic WRRE in the Liaohe River, Yangtze River and Pearl River basins were all low. Eco-environmental WRRE in the southeastern rivers and Yangtze River basins were low but showed an upward trend. Other river basins, except for the Northwestern rivers basin, had high eco-environmental WRRE with a downward trend. Western China, especially the northwestern part,had a low relative intensity of the water environment(WERI) and high integrated water environment management(IWEM) performance, but the relative intensities of the water resources(WRRI) were fairly high, and the comprehensive performance of integrated water resources management(IWRM) in these regions was low. In southern China, especially the southeastern part, the IWEM was fairly high, but the overall IWRM was lower.