勤工助学与实践教学相结合,加强学生动手能力的培养——农中对口生专业课教学改革的实践

本文介绍了农中对口生专业课教学过程中，以勤工助学为手段，将勤工助学、实践教学、毕业实习和先进科学技术推广应用有机地结合起来，以强化实践性教学的效果，培养和锻炼学生的动手能力及独立工作能力。

勤工助学与实践教学相结合,加强学生动手能力的培养——针对农中对口生专业课教学改革的探讨

我校在走适应性办学的道路中,办学方向、专业设置以及招生生源都作了相应调整.近些年来,每年都从农村职业高中招收一批对口专业的学生,这部分学生在高中阶段已经学习过相关的少数专业基础课和主要的专业课,这对于大学阶段专业课的学习和专业技能的培养非常有帮助.如何充分发挥他们的优势,提高他们的实践操作能力,使之成为适应当地经济建设需要的农业技术推广应用和生产管理人才,是摆在我们面前的新问题.为此,我们在畜牧专业的专业课教学中,针对农中对口生进行了一系列教学改革.其中以勤工助学为手段,与实践教学紧密结合,对学生动手能力的培养有着较为显著的作用.

改革给新圩农中带来生机

灵山县新圩农中创办于一九六四年,到一九八四年秋,该校已经为本县农村培养了一千六百多名毕业生,据不完全统计,有447人成为本县农、林、牧、副、渔各业的科研员,有235人当了民办教师、拖拉机手、乡镇干部、乡村企业管理人员和技术员。近年来,由于学校领导人不断端正办学指导思想,树立和坚持农中为农服务的正确方向,试行各方面改革,学校越来越多地吸引着乡村干部和群众的兴趣,学校越办越有特色。目前。

农中之花含苞待放(述评)

被林彪、“四人帮”凄风苦雨肆意摧残,几近凋零的农中之花,在度过肃杀的严冬之后,今又沐浴着教育春天和煦的阳光,含苞待放了。现在,适应“四化”建设的需要,结合中等教育结构的改革,一些坚持办了多年的农中,办得更加理直气壮,更加有生气;一批被拆散了的老农中正逐步恢复起来;一大批不同类型的新农中,正在我国广阔的农村大地上兴办起来。发展农业中学的紧迫性要在我国实现农业现代化,需要有大批掌握现代化农业科学技术的专门人材,需要有一支庞大的农业科学技术队伍;而同时还必须极大地提高广大农民,首先是青年农民的科学文化水平,使他们具备科学种田的能力。

基于YOLOv5改进的CBAM平贝母检测模型

目前的平贝母种植阶段中,覆土仍然依靠人工,这存在耗时、耗力、成本高等问题。故需要研制一款智能化的平贝母覆土机器,而实现智能化的第一步在于实现识别。以YOLOv5系列为基础训练出一系列模型,在其系列中挑出最优模型(YOLOv5s)进行改进;进而在骨干段加入CBAM注意力机制替换其C3结合,从而减少网络序列长度,减少计算复杂度。试验结果表明,改进后模型的准确度最高可达91.32%,召回率最高可达88.78%。本文模型的提出为下一步实现平贝母覆土机智能控制提供理论参考。

Research on the Species Diversity of Flower-visiting Syrphidae in the Farmland of Hanzhong Area

[Objective] The aim was to explore the species diversity of flower-visiting Syrphidae in the farmland of Hanzhong area.[Method] Based on the sample collection and the sorting and identification of collected specimens and literature,the species and their seasonal changes of flower-visiting Syrphidae in the agroecosystem of Hanzhong area were systematically analyzed.[Result] 5 015 specimens of Syrphidae were cheaked in this study,and 141 species of 53 genera of 16 families in three subfamilies of flower-visiting species of Syrphidae were identified in farmland of Hanzhong area,in which 65 species were Syrphinae;72 species were Milesiinae;while four species were Microdontinae.The species of Syrphidae in this region were active in April,May,June and July.There were two dominant species in this region,including Episyrphus balteatus and Eristalis tenax.[Conclusion] This study had provided theoretical basis for the studies on the flower-visiting habit and fecundation of insects of Syrphidae in this area.

Flower-visiting Habitus of Three Common Syrphids in Farmland of Hanzhong Area in Early Spring

[Objective] The paper was to study the flower-visiting habitus of three common syrphids in farmland of Hanzhong area in early spring.[Method] The active flower-visiting syrphids in farmland of hanzhong area in early spring was investigated,the annual activity rhythm,flower-visiting behavior,characteristics of mouthparts and their flower-visiting adaptability of three common syrphids were studied.[Result] About 20 species of active flower-visiting syrphids were found in farmland of hanzhong area in early spring,Eristalis tenax （Linnaeus,1758）,Episyrphus balteatus （De Geer,1776） and Eristalis cerealis Fabricius,1805 were predominant species in farmland.These three species could be found in farmland of Hanzhong area almost throughout the year,and they mainly activated on the flowers of rape and composites on the ridge of field in early spring.The activities of these flower-visiting syrphids were important to pollination of rape.The syrphid mouthparts had no structural characters in adaptation to flower-visiting,but the mouthparts were shorter,which was adaptive to visit the flowers with open and shallower corolla.[Conclusion] The results provided theoretical basis for further study on flower-visiting habitus and pollination effect of syrphids.

Prospects of China's Agricultural Development

Remarkable achievements have been made in China＇s agricultural development since the late 1970s. Nevertheless, deep-rooted problems are arising from inefficient farming practices. From mid- and long-term perspectives, migration of China＇s agricultural labor will slow and large-scale operation of farmland will accelerate. Although grain supply and demand have maintained a tight balance, new potentials still exist in improving grain production. Under the pressures of resource and environmental constraints, advancing the green and efficient transition of agriculture will become a new trend in China＇s agricultural development. In this context, the treatment of agricultural pollution, supply-side structural reform and innovation of agricultural subsidy policy are of strategic significance to the transition and upgrade of China＇s agriculture.

Chinese Herbal Medicine Resources with Bacteriostatic and Insecticidal Activities and Their Application as Pesticides

Herbal pesticides refer to the active ingredients extracted from herbs which are used for pest and disease control in crops or pure substances isolated from them. They are of great significance for the production of pollution-free agricultural products, as well as for exploiting the abundant plant resources in China for the prevention and control of pests. In this paper, the advantages of herbal pesticides,such as being environment-friendly, diverse patterns of action, safety for higher animals and the natural enemies of pests and making it hard for pests to produce resistance were first stated; then, Chinese herbal medicine resources with antibacterial and insecticidal activities from 49 families and their functions were reviewed, and 19kinds of herbal pesticides that have been developed and applied in China and seven kinds that have been produced on a large scale were also introduced; finally,three issues deserving further exploration during the development and application of herbal pesticides were presented, that is, research in variety selection and cultivation of herbs, and methods for extraction of active ingredients; basic research in the structure identification of herbal active ingredients, and the relationship between plant variety and active ingredients; development of lead compounds based on herbal active ingredients.

The Study on Innovation Model Characteristics and Function Enhancement of “Leading Grain Enterprises+Farmers” in New Circumstances——an Investigation and Analysis on Major Grainproducing Areas in Hubei Province

ln the context of comprehensively deepening the reform, and integration of three The first, second and third industry sectors in rural areas, the research took major grain-producing areas in Hubei as an example, analyzed dominant grain in-dustrialization models “leading grain enterprises＋farmers”, and revealed its character-istics, advantages, and approaches for function reinforcement. The research is so meaningful, practical y or in future.

Study on Land Suitability Evaluation in the northern China Crop-pasture Band

Basing on the limiting factor method and Composite Index method,for the northern China crop-pasture band,the authors established the system of evaluation index,and abstracted the dominant factor,then through applying expert grade and weighing way the suitability of grids are evaluated,the results showed that：without the input of a large number of cash,most of the area was not suitable for farming,and more appropriate area for farming was only 8.45% of total area,mainly located in the southeast and southwest of the study area,followed by the study area in the northeast,areas that was not suitable for farming mainly in the middle of the east,large areas of central and western regions.

High-risk Sexual Behavior among HIV-positive Former Commercial Blood Donors in Rural Eastern and Central China

Objective： To investigate high-risk sexual behavior among HIV-positive former commercial blood donors in rural central and eastern China. Methods： From December 2003 to May 2004, a crosssectional study was conducted to investigate demographic characteristics, sexual behaviors, condom use, and knownHIV status among HIV-positive commercial blood donors.A total of 796 subjects were recruited for the study. Results： Of the 796 study subjects, 53.0% （258/487） did not use condoms, 10.9% （53/487） inconsistently usedcondoms, and 36.1% （176/487） consistently used condoms with a steady sex partner in the past threemonths. Age （OR, 0.57; 95% CI： 0.39, 0.82）, years of education （OR, 1.90; 95% Ch 1.27, 2.84） and known HIVstatus （OR, 1.66; 95% CI： 1.12, 2.45） were independently and positively associated with condom use with a steady sex partner. Of those subjects without a steady sexual partner in the past year, 63.6% （14/22） did not use condoms, 9.1% （2/22） inconsistently used condoms, and 27.3% （6/22） consistently used condoms. Conclusion： HIV counseling and education should be focused on HIV-positive blood donors to prevent a secondary spread of HIV through unsafe sexual practices.

Analysis on Characters and Growth Factors of academicians of Agriculture Faculty of Chinese Academy of Engineering

The research analyzed birthplace, work site and Work unit, discipline, agri- cultural product variety, current age, and selected age, as well as internal and exter- nal factors for growth, which providers references for exploring development of high- level agricultural S＆T talents and formulation of relevant policies.

Analysis of High Yield and Efficiency Technique in Hybrid Rice Zhongzheyou No.1

To understand the high yield and efficiency technique in hybrid rice Zhongzheyou No. 1, we conducted the correlation analysis, regression analysis and path analysis of hybrid rice Zhongzheyou No. 1 based on the data of its ear, grain and weight at different yield levels. From this study, we put forward the high yield and efficiency technique in Zhongzheyou No. 1 .. on the basis of certain effective ear number, filled grains per ear should be mainly targeted with a consideration to 1 000-grain weight.

我们是怎样培养学生爱农思想的

我校创办于1983年,现有学生424人,教师32人,设置了农、林、牧三个专业,有实习基地1400多亩。教学、生产、科研已具备相当规模。四年来,我们坚持农中办学方向,认真向学生进行爱农教育,学生毕业后大部回到农村,成为家乡脱贫致富的带头人。1983年下半年,我校录取第一批110名新生。

农村职教困难多 亟需支持来解决

四川省眉山县罗平职业技术高中于一九八二年创建。现巳初具规模。存在的具体问题是: 一、学生来源没有保证。如该校高中八七级,全校统一招生只有十八人报名。大多数家长让子女读普通高中,准备将来考大、中专。

Assessment of Climate for Agricultural Suitability and Optimal Allocation of Agricultural Production in the Guanzhong Region, Shaanxi Province

Based on spatial climatic data of agriculture and the experiment data, the models of agro-ecological assessment of climate for agricultural suitability in this study were developed using the fuzzy mathematical method. Three coefficients, in- cluding the resource coefficient （Cr）, the efficiency coefficient （Ce）, and the utility co- efficient （K）, were used in the models, which were calculated based on temperature, moisture, and sunshine duration data of Guanzhong region, Shaanxi Province. The results indicated that resource coefficient was higher in west of the region than that in east, and higher in south （especially in the Central Shaanxi Plain） than that in the Weibei plateau. The value of Cr changed from 6.5 to 9.2 from north to plain area. Spatial change of efficiency coefficient was obvious, lower in the northeast than in the central plain, and the value of Ce changed from 2.3 to 6.5 from the northeast to the central plain. As for utility coefficient, it was lower in northeastern part of the Weibei plateau and in southern mountain areas than that in the central plain, showing significant latitudinal zonality. Furthermore, the value of K increased from 0.35 to 0.78 from northeast to the central plain, and decreased from 0.78 to 0.53 from the central plain to southern mountain areas. These indicated that climate resource in the central plain region was more abundant and potential, compared with other regions. GuanZhong region was classified into three larger agricultural zones and three small independent zones, according to agro-ecological assessment. Light, heat and water resources should be made use of in an efficient way in spatial allo- cation of agricultural production. For example, water facilities should also be im- proved in Weibei plateau region where highly-qualified fruit should be enhanced and fruit processing industrial chain should be shaped. Large-scale production area of wheat should be increased in central irrigation region and more vegetable bases should be developed around large and medium-scale cities. Thanks for outstanding water conservation function, the three-dimensional agriculture including medicine and other sideline production should be developed in Qinling Mountains and the special- ized commercial agriculture should be accelerated in independent small zones, ac- cording to local conditions. In the research, different crop varieties were developed in corresponding regions as per current eco-climatic conditions.

“猪倌”王红星

今天,因一些鸡毛蒜皮的小事,又和同桌争吵起来。这次,老师不像以前那样严厉地批评我,而是给了我一个养猪场的地址及其创业者的名字。老师叫我找到这个人并在那里实习三天。我怀着一种说不出来的复杂心情来到了那个养猪场,并在门卫的带领下找到了养猪场的创业者——王红星。他热情地接待了我(事后才知,老师提前和他通了气),在采取了必要的消毒措施后,就领着我在养猪场先转了一圈,最后又带我回到办公室,开始给我讲他创办养猪场的经历。

Research on the Current Status, Paths and Countermeasures of Family Farm Development in China——Investigation and Analysis of Hubei Province

The Chinese family farm is the most important new micro subject in the construction and development of modern agriculture in China. The investigation and analysis of the actual situation of Hubei Province showed that since the implementation of the household contract management system in rural areas, the family farm has followed the track of gradual development, breakthrough development and normal standardization development. In order to promote the family farm to develop rapidly, orderly and healthily, work must be well done to land circulation, scale management, financial support, financial subsidy, cultivation of leading talents and professional farmers, and providing all-round services.