现代生物技术在农产业发展中应用的挑战与创新策略研究

随着转基因、细胞工程、发酵与酶工程等生物技术的迅猛发展,农产业科研与生产也开始运用基因技术、分子育种、疫苗防疫等现代生物技术,通过基因分析与重组方式将具有潜在使用特性的单个基因导入动植物种群,基于分子特征对动植物疾病作出更准确的诊断。探讨农产业发展中现代生物技术的应用现状,综合近年来转基因技术、动物育种技术、生物农药技术、能源作物技术的相关数据,分析现代农产业发展存在的挑战问题,据此提出制定系统化的生物技术安全管理法律、加强生物技术研发、做好生物技术风险跟踪评估等创新管理策略,保证现代农业发展的生物技术安全性、社会经济效益提升。

拉市海扩容后农产业发展的思考

对拉市海扩容后拉市乡农产业存在的问题进行分析,提出发展的建议及措施。

Conserving Agricultural Heritage Systems through Tourism: Exploration of Two Mountainous Communities in China

Community plays an important role in the preservation of agricultural heritage system （AHS）. Recently, many AHS have been valorized as interesting resources for rural tourism. The expectations are that tourism development （TD） can be supportive for the conservation of AHS while creating benefits for local communities. In this study, two mountainous pilot villages （Longxian and Xiaohuang） in a global conservation project for traditional agricutural systems - Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems （GIAHS） were selected to identify the relationship between AHS conservation and TD. The study undertook in-depth interviews, and questionnaires of village residents and informal discussions with local villagers. A t-test and a linear regression model were implemented to explore the comparative dimensions of the two communities with different geographical location, economic situation, and stage of TD. The research found some similarities and differences in the two mountainous communities during AHS conservation and TD. Firstly, AHS are preservaed well in both villages unconsiously, while the residents in Xiaohuang value more highly the heritage elements than the respondents in Longxian, and the villagers in Xiaohuang are more worried about their heritage system; Secondly, both villages expect lots of benefits from TD and they clearly perceive more positive than negative impact from tourism and thus approve TD, while the hugedifferent perception on transportation and accessibility in the two villages reflects the bottleneck of TD in Xiaohuang village. At the same time, the respondents from Xiaohuang perceive more positive and fewer negative impact from tourism than the respondents from Longxian. Thirdly, the respondents in the two villages all show positive attitudes towards participation in tourism mostly motivated by the high income expectation. The main factors to determine the community perception in two villages were also analyzed based on the data process. A location-based coneeputal framework of AHS conservation in partnership with TD at community scale is proposed at the end of the paper. The dynamics of tourism development, that could enhance a better understanding of the complex relationship between conservation objectives and tourism development are discussed.

Economic analysis of freeway town of Yunnan

Freeway town in Yunnan is driving to promote the economic development ties.The development along the highway in the town will become the central point of the vertical and horizontal development of the area around the gradient the proliferation Point and Area.The highway town will develop to speed up the urbanization process and China should accelerate the development of the freeway town .Encouraging farmers will shift the highway town where some good conditions will build to form a regional economic development and growth .This will be the promotion and inevitable choice of progress and rational way of China＇s rural economic and social prosperity.In particular,freeway town will bring more added value of other social services of accommodation and catering industry of wholesale and retail of transportation and warehousing.Highway town and agriculture industrialization development will increase agriculture industry chain to improve agricultureal products value and will enhance agricultural efficiency in Yunnan.The concentration of the non-agricultural industries of the specdway town will form pillar industries of highway town and will promote of tertiary industry development of hotels of insurance of finance of business of sports of culture of education of communications of transportation.Rural areas of Yunnan will adjust to optimize the industrial structure.It is estimated that a total 10 construction of the highway town of Yunnan will increase 08-1 billion yuan revenue each year.

Research on the Development Model of Ecological Agriculture in Loess Hilly-Gully Region of Northern Shannxi, China

On the Loess Plateau of China, facing the vulnerable environment, local people have to try their best to guarantee the security of food, and at the same time, to control the most serious soil erosion in the world. The paper introduces two typical models of ecological agriculture: ecological agriculture with commodity and agri- culture with soil and water conservation. According to the local natural condition, the model of eco-agriculture with commodity could be characterized by the structure of “agriculture-byproduct”, “agriculture-fruit” or “agri- culture-forestry-husbandry”. The development of agriculture with soil and water conservation has decreased the soil erosion rate from 12,184 ton/km2 in 1980 to 458.4 ton/km2 in 1999, while the farmers’ income has increasingly risen. Analyses on the two models’ benefits both in terms of ecological and agricultural economy show that there is a great possibility to construct or restore good eco-environment with comprehensive control in the hilly-gully area of north Shannxi. Further more, the paper points out the potential problems of foodstuff production and stockbreeding development in forming ecological agriculture and eco-environmental restoration.

The Use of Life Cycle Management Principles in Biosystems Engineering： A Pragmatic Approach to Solving Agri-industrial Sustainability Problems

LCM （life cycle management） is a systematic approach, mindset and culture that considers economic, social, and environmental factors among other factors in the decision making process throughout various business or organizational decisions that affect both inputs and outputs of a product or service life cycle. It is a product, process, or activity management system aimed at minimizing environmental and socio-economic burdens associated with an organization＇s product or process during its entire life cycle and value chain. LCM＇s application is gaining wider acceptance both in the corporate and governmental organizations as an approach to reduce ecological footprints and to improve the sustainability of human activities. But where and how can it be used in agricultural engineering applications？ This study highlights the potential areas of LCM application in agricultural and allied sectors and how it can be utilized. The study revealed that LCM tools such as design for environment and life cycle analysis can be used to evaluate the environmental impacts of-and to improve the products, equipment, and structures produced by biosystems engineers as well as the processes used to generate them.

Research on industrialization of eco-agriculture:theoretical framework and the case of Yunnan,China

The industrialization of eco-agriculture has applied modern science technology in accordance with ecological principles and has promoted agricultural production.As a subsystem of agricultural industrial clusters,the industrialization of eco-agriculture is the specific applications of cluster concept in the industrialization of eco-agriculture development.Industrialization of eco-agriculture cluster will achieve eco-agriculture and interact with industrial cluster which forms eco-agriculture integration and composite industry and ultimately realize the new benign circulation eco-agriculture model.According to the ecological engineering basic principles of recycling of the overall coordination,industrialization of eco-agriculture is focusing on the main systems operating coordination between the various subsystems and its various factors,and will maintain a reasonable ecological and economic structure to ensure the recycling of natural resources.Industrialization of eco-agriculture in Yunnan has adjusted the agricultural production structure to keep the stability of the gross grain production and economic development and has taken effective measures to vigorously improve land use and land productivity.Various ways of improving soil fertility has vigorously promoted other water-saving agricultural technologies.Ecological protection of rice no-tillage,cultivation of crop cultivation of the integrated control crop disease pests grass and agricultural production have taken the sustainable development.

Discussion on an Eco-Agriculture Model in the Semi-Arid Region of China

The semi-arid region of China covers an area of 2.2 x106km2. Water shortage in this region is the core but not the only one factor for the sustainable development of agriculture. Effective application of the energy and all kinds of resources and overall maintenance of the balance of ecological environment must be emphasized for sustainable development of the agriculture in the region. The extensive development of rural yard-economy is the only way to realize the intensive agricultural development there. A model is developed on the basis of our studies in recent years.

Reexamining the Viewpoint of the World Bank： Does Agricultural Growth Play a More Important Role in Reducing Poverty in Rural China？

The Worm Bank maintains that, compared to the growth of other industries, agricultural growth plays a more important role in reducing China＇s rural poverty. This stance, however, is contrary to the findings in this paper. This paper asserts that China＇s experience in reducing rural poverty should be attributed to： （1） its earlier, unbalanced economic development strategies, which gave priority to heavy industries and industrialization and led to the economic boom,＂ and （2） the expansion of non-agricultural sectors, which enabled poor rural households to engage in non-agricultural production. Thus, the key impetus to reducing poverty in rural China is industrialization. Due to its large population but limited farmlands, it may not be a good strategy for China to make agricultural development a priority because its relatively low value added and net profits are inept to promote economic development and reduce rural poverty.

Impacts of Agricultural Mechanization on Agricultural Production in Guangdong Province

Agricultural machinery represents modern method and modern condition of production, and Agricultural mechanization is the key basis and symbol of modern agriculture. Based on analyses of agricultural mechanization development in Guangdong Province from 1988 to 2008, production function was developed to estimate the effects of agricultural mechanization on agricultural production. The results indicated that the contribution of agricultural mechanization to production continues to increase. The agricultural mechanization increased by 1%, and grain production by0.35%. Therefore, government should encourage development of agricultural mechanization in order to improve agricultural production in Guangdong Province.

China's Agricultural Development: Structural Contradictions and Policy Transition

The primary contradiction facing China's agricultural development has shifted from the previous undersupply to structural contradictions. This paper dissects these structural contradictions in terms of sectoral structure, product structure, organizational structure, technical structure, trade structure and spatial structure. Since reform and opening-up in 1978, China has followed a growth-oriented agricultural policy to ensure steady yield increase. Indeed, this policy has effectively increased the output of agricultural produce, safeguarded national food security, and enhanced agricultural production capabilities. However, China's agriculture is yet to become internationally competitive, increase efficiency and farmers' income, and improve the quality and safety of agricultural produce. As China's agricultural development enters into a new stage of comprehensive transition and upgrade, it is essential for China's agricultural policy to shift from the progrowth policy characterized by the dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides to an efficiency and quality-oriented policy that pursues green agriculture.

Rural Tourism Development in China:Principles,Models and the Future

Rural tourism in China,has undergone a rapid development in the last three decades.It is an emerging and effective catalyst that promotes industrial restructuring,agricultural development and the upgrading of rural areas.However,there remains little understanding about the core issues of rural tourism in China:the exact connotation,the principles,the development models and the future directions.This review paper identifies the key issues based on literature analysis,national statistics and press reports to form a general picture of the past,the current and the future prospects of China's rural tourism.The paper firstly addresses the definition,content and principles of rural tourism,and then provides an overview and brief evaluation of the progress and the current development models in China.Finally,based on the analysis of the experiences and problems,the authors sum up with five pathways of the future development of China's rural tourism from the perspective of rural tourism resources,product,market and promotion.

Research on Application of information technology in agricultural economic management

In the current social, agricultural development is heavily influenced by the level of agricultural information development, so, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of information technology in order to maintain a sustained, steady and rapid development of agriculture, as well as we use information technology in all aspects of agricultural production, so as to make more rapid and stable development of Chinese agriculture. In Agricultural Economics and Management should focus on the help of information technology. The main author makes a brief analysis on the role of information technology in the agricultural economy and the management of specific applications, which is designed to promote the further development of Chinese agriculture.

Agricultural Biotechnology Research and Development in Hunan

Recent agricultural biotechnology research and advances in the province are reviewed. Targets and practices for biotechnological development in depth are discussed, with 'Stress on the talent's training, new techniques' establishment and its industrialization, starting from the existing level and problems in the field in the province.

The Development of Danish Agriculture and Agribusiness： Lessons to Be Learned in a Global Perspective

The agri and food industry is a major industrial sector in Denmark. Compared to other countries on a similar level of economic development Denmark has an extremely important agriculture and agribusiness sector. Danish agri and food cooperatives seem to have been successful in obtaining international competitiveness. The transformation and the structural development of the cooperative sector have more or less been completed. The development of the industrial structure among Danish agricultural cooperatives has been very rapid during the latest decades. Through mergers and acquisitions the number of firms has fallen dramatically, and the result has been increasing concentration ratios in almost all groups of the food industry. Structural development, concentration and globalization in recent decades have resulted in agri and food companies now being among the largest in Europe. To a large extent, agriculture all over the world faces similar problems and challenges. For this reason, it is essential that know-how, experiences and lessons can be transferred and adopted by agriculture in other countries around the world. In many ways, the experience and the success behind Danish agriculture and agribusiness can be transferred to other countries. However, profound studies of specific needs and conditions are necessary.

Investments of Milk Processing Capacities from Romania, through the Funds Provided by the ＂NPRD 2014-2020＂

In this paper, an analysis of the possibilities of development of milk processing activity was made, using as financing source the public funds provided by the Common Agricultural Policy and the distribution of the investments in Romania. All the EU member states gain 99.6 billion through the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development, the period 2014-2020, of which Romania has received the total of 8.128 billion euros. Through the 2014-2020 National Rural Development Program （NRDP 2014-2020）, sub-measure 4.2 ＂Support for investment in processing/marketing of agricultural products＂ （2014）, Romania is falling Regulation （EC） 1305/2013 in measure 4 ＂Investments in physical assets＂ （2013） and contributes to increasing the value added of products on local markets and inter-professional organizations, the establishment and development of small businesses and job creation. Until now, in the milk processing sector, investments of 93,918,043 euros were made, about 50% （47,667.41 euros） of which from public funds.

Can Industrial By-products Be Used as Tools in Sustainable Agriculture？

The goal of our study is to present results about the effects of selected industrial wastes-sewage sludge, lime sludge, compost-on the physiological parameters of plants. Maize seedlings （Zea mays L cvs. Norma SC） were used in soil plant （rhizobox） and nutrient solution plant system. The filtrates of the examined materials were used in the nutrient solution and the raw materials in the soil. Dry matter accumulation of shoots and roots, relative chlorophyll contents and the contents of some elements were measured in the plants grown on the nutrient solution. The examined materials contain some useful elements for plants e.g. Cu, Fe, K, and Mg and plenty of toxic metals e.g. AI, Cr. Root growth in the rhizoboxes was monitored, as well as that of roots in the experiment using soil. This type of growth was more intensive with the use of lime sludge than with of sewage sludge. On the other hand, the results were better at the sewage sludge than the lime sludge on the nutrient solution.

Regional diversity of agricultural labor productivity and its driving force in east China

China＇s eastern area is at middle and later stage of industrialization during which the relation between urban and rural areas, industry, and agriculture appears maladjusted. The main problems are shrinkage in agricultural comparative earning and lack of driving force of agricultural development. Based on calculating agricultural labor productivity in east China from 1996 to 2005, this paper analyzes contributing degree of motive forces of agriculture develop in ten provinces and cities of east China applying GCA （Grey correlative analysis）. The results show that there is no absolute correspondence between the level of industrialization and agricultural labor productivity in China＇s eastern area. There is no synchronous development between industry and agricultural labor productiviry in some areas. Fertilizer and agricultural machinery input had high contributing degree for ten years; however; contributing degree in land and irrigation work input was low. Non-materialization inputs became the leading role in most provinces and cities＇ increase of agricultural labor productivity. Modern agricultural development need non-materialization inputs as primary motive force, at the same time, direct material input and facility input as guaranteed function. For some reasons, agricultural development is characterized by ＂more direct material input, less facility input ＂ in east China now. Optimal driving.force model of future agricultural development in east China is that non-materialization inputs are dominant, that perfected facility input arc guarantee, and that certain substance inputs are necessary

CI Strategy Research of Agriculture Creative Industrial Park in Langfang

By studying developing status and trends of agricultural industrial park in Langfang, the paper will make an analysis of the present development and main factors which restrict the development of CI strategy in agricultural creative industrial park in Langfang city. The paper also tends to put forward the measures to speed up the CI strategy in Langfang city industrial park and to form a new pattern with local characteristics and advantages.

Regional Developmental Problems of the Rural Settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The paper considers developmental problems of the rural settlements in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which are results of long-term disparity in the regional development in the period 1991-2012. In this paper it is considered the recent migration from rural to urban areas and the depopulation of the rural areas. The result of these trends reflects the development of the new infrastructure and tertiary activities. In these investigations, statistical data processed and geovisualised in GIS were used. The obtained data indicate extremely unequable regional arrangement of the population in the rural areas and socio-economic development.