大蒜废弃物对农作物病原菌的抑制效果

我国大蒜废弃物资源丰富,为引导其合理化、资源化利用,测定了大蒜提取物对大豆尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum fsp.tracheiphilum)、油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.)d eBary)、大豆细菌性斑点病菌(Pseudomonas.s yringae pv.glycinea)和水稻白叶枯病菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae〔Ishiyama〕Dye,Xoo)4种植物病原菌的抑制作用,并通过大蒜提取物、大蒜渣、大蒜肥对土壤中大豆尖孢镰刀菌的抑制试验,测定了其在土壤中对土传病原菌的抑制效果。结果表明,高浓度的大蒜提取物对这4种植物病原菌有抑制作用,随着提取物浓度的升高,抑菌效果也更为明显。质量浓度为500mg.mL-1时对大豆尖孢镰刀菌、大豆细菌性斑点病菌和水稻白叶枯病菌的抑菌效果最好。培养基中提取物浓度达100mg.mL-1时对两种真菌的抑制达100%。同时,含大蒜提取物0.05mL.g-1、大蒜渣5%或大蒜肥25%的土壤能抑制土传病原菌大豆尖孢镰刀菌在土壤中的定殖。

Screening of Fnngos Antagonists against Six Main Disease Pathogens in Crops

28 soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of 16 plant species in six different districts in Hunan. As a result of isolation and purification, 122 fungus strains were obtained of which the antagonistic activity was tested against six fungus pathogens in tomato, cotton, cucumber, chilli, rice and rape, and 17 strains were found antagonistic to one or more pathogenic fungi.