Based on statistical analysis,this paper states that four types of rural infrastructure as roads,electricity, communications,and education have statistically significant effects on agricultural production,nonagricultu...Based on statistical analysis,this paper states that four types of rural infrastructure as roads,electricity, communications,and education have statistically significant effects on agricultural production,nonagricultural production,and farmers’income in China.However,the specifics and the degrees of these influences are different. Therefore, different policies have to be implemented respectively to make full use ofthe limited funds in China. Meanwhile, the maturity level of rural infrastructure as with rural economic development has regional discrepancy. The levels of maturity decrease from east to west.It is urgent that the current weak situation of the ruralinfrastruc- ture in western China needs to be improved.展开更多
This study provides estimates of smallholder household＇s production efficiency and its determinants, and separately analyses the technical efficiency of dairy technology adopting and non-adopting farmers using data f...This study provides estimates of smallholder household＇s production efficiency and its determinants, and separately analyses the technical efficiency of dairy technology adopting and non-adopting farmers using data from Ethiopia. Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function was modeled in the context of local level agricultural innovation systems framework and estimated using 2011 milk production data on 304 dairy farmers. Results show that the mean level of technical efficiency among the sampled farmers was about 26%. This result suggests that there is room for significant increases of production through reallocation of existing resources. Despite significant variation among farmers, these results also indicate only 19% of farmers have mean efficiency scores （_〉 50%）, implying a need to focus on creating innovation capacity that pushes the production frontier outward in the dairy production system. It is also revealed that individual farm households＇ efficiency varied widely across dairy technology adoption status, gender and districts. The significant gamma （g） statistic, of 0.9985 in the analysis indicates that about 99.85% variation in the output of milk production would be attributed to technical inefficiency effects （those under farmer＇s control） while only 0.0015% would be due to random effects, i.e., beyond the farmers control and hence calling for a focus on efficiency enhancing investments. Education, farm size, extension visit and off-farm income opportunity were found to be efficiency enhancing. The study recommends that different components of an agricultural innovation system have to interact to improve the innovation capacity of different actors and thereby improve the estimated technical inefficiencies.展开更多
Farmhouse enjoyment is a newly-emerging tourism product which is developing rapidly in recent years. Farmhouse enjoyment tourism is beneficial for increasing farmers＇ incomes, and providing farmers with more employme...Farmhouse enjoyment is a newly-emerging tourism product which is developing rapidly in recent years. Farmhouse enjoyment tourism is beneficial for increasing farmers＇ incomes, and providing farmers with more employment by adjusting the industrial structure. Farmhouse enjoyment tourism has produced a huge social and economic impact. But it also has some shortages for the sustainable and stable development of farmhouse enjoyment. This article starts from the analysis of present situation of farmhouse enjoyment tourism in Shaanxi; points out the problems that appeared and proposes the corresponding measures, to help farmhouse enjoyment tourism to develop healthily and sustainably.展开更多
文摘Based on statistical analysis,this paper states that four types of rural infrastructure as roads,electricity, communications,and education have statistically significant effects on agricultural production,nonagricultural production,and farmers’income in China.However,the specifics and the degrees of these influences are different. Therefore, different policies have to be implemented respectively to make full use ofthe limited funds in China. Meanwhile, the maturity level of rural infrastructure as with rural economic development has regional discrepancy. The levels of maturity decrease from east to west.It is urgent that the current weak situation of the ruralinfrastruc- ture in western China needs to be improved.
文摘This study provides estimates of smallholder household＇s production efficiency and its determinants, and separately analyses the technical efficiency of dairy technology adopting and non-adopting farmers using data from Ethiopia. Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function was modeled in the context of local level agricultural innovation systems framework and estimated using 2011 milk production data on 304 dairy farmers. Results show that the mean level of technical efficiency among the sampled farmers was about 26%. This result suggests that there is room for significant increases of production through reallocation of existing resources. Despite significant variation among farmers, these results also indicate only 19% of farmers have mean efficiency scores （_〉 50%）, implying a need to focus on creating innovation capacity that pushes the production frontier outward in the dairy production system. It is also revealed that individual farm households＇ efficiency varied widely across dairy technology adoption status, gender and districts. The significant gamma （g） statistic, of 0.9985 in the analysis indicates that about 99.85% variation in the output of milk production would be attributed to technical inefficiency effects （those under farmer＇s control） while only 0.0015% would be due to random effects, i.e., beyond the farmers control and hence calling for a focus on efficiency enhancing investments. Education, farm size, extension visit and off-farm income opportunity were found to be efficiency enhancing. The study recommends that different components of an agricultural innovation system have to interact to improve the innovation capacity of different actors and thereby improve the estimated technical inefficiencies.
文摘Farmhouse enjoyment is a newly-emerging tourism product which is developing rapidly in recent years. Farmhouse enjoyment tourism is beneficial for increasing farmers＇ incomes, and providing farmers with more employment by adjusting the industrial structure. Farmhouse enjoyment tourism has produced a huge social and economic impact. But it also has some shortages for the sustainable and stable development of farmhouse enjoyment. This article starts from the analysis of present situation of farmhouse enjoyment tourism in Shaanxi; points out the problems that appeared and proposes the corresponding measures, to help farmhouse enjoyment tourism to develop healthily and sustainably.
