The development of e-commerce in agriculture is our weak link in the e-commerce system, the formation of agricultural industrialization and modernization of agriculture development incentives did not play its due role...The development of e-commerce in agriculture is our weak link in the e-commerce system, the formation of agricultural industrialization and modernization of agriculture development incentives did not play its due role. Improvement of agricultural e-commerce model is to provide a more direct way of agricultural e-commerce operations performance. Based on this, this paper analyzes the status quo of e-commerce development of agricultural markets, and it is to explore the complete path of agricultural development of electronic commerce.展开更多
Currently, Brazilian buses are divided in three categories： city buses, intercity buses and coaches. That categorization results from the understanding that citizens only need to move around urban perimeters. However...Currently, Brazilian buses are divided in three categories： city buses, intercity buses and coaches. That categorization results from the understanding that citizens only need to move around urban perimeters. However, the current bus models available do not fully meet legal demands or cater for all of society＇s demands. Rural workers and students that live in rural areas also must be conveyed in buses and minibuses. Municipal and state directives prohibit employers to convey them in improper vehicles, such as trucks. Social demands, on the other hand, can be i[llustrated by federal and state programs that provide vehicles to transport students who dwell in rural settings. Accordingly, this paper proposes a new categorization of bus models available in the Brazilian market, which should account for the unique local operating conditions rural buses face, instead of only considering the type of service they provide. Further, a purpose-built vehicle is suggested i[n order to cater for the needs of rural workers and students. Rural students represent, in average, five million rural school bus riders.展开更多
The food retail business has undergone a number of structural changes due to increasingly globalized markets and internationalization. Former nationally oriented retailers have suddenly become global. This process als...The food retail business has undergone a number of structural changes due to increasingly globalized markets and internationalization. Former nationally oriented retailers have suddenly become global. This process also affects new structures in agribusiness, most notably as general retailers export their business models. A comparison of the development and the impact of globalization in the retail sectors of different transition countries reveals varied opportunities for and threats to the participants in agribusiness.展开更多
A double-cropping field study was conducted at the Colorado State University, Fruita. Colorado USA to evaluate an irrigated, double-cropping system of winter barley （Hordeum vulgare L.） followed by pinto bean （Phas...A double-cropping field study was conducted at the Colorado State University, Fruita. Colorado USA to evaluate an irrigated, double-cropping system of winter barley （Hordeum vulgare L.） followed by pinto bean （Phaseolus vutgaris L.） for the valley areas of western Colorado USA and other similar environments. Double-cropping pinto bean after winter barley was successful, but to use our double-cropping technology in commercial agriculture in adapted locations will likely require identifying or developing a winter barley cultivar that matures earlier than current cultivars but does not head and flower so early that it is susceptible to freeze damage. Double-cropping was more profitable in all three years than growing either pinto bean or winter barley as a sole crop.展开更多
Due to high competition of the agriculture machines sector, the auto parts suppliers are investing in research to promote the development and reduce the costs of the products, passing these results to their clients wh...Due to high competition of the agriculture machines sector, the auto parts suppliers are investing in research to promote the development and reduce the costs of the products, passing these results to their clients who are the automakers. It was identified the need to redesign the regulation sieve system harvester, which is a compound assembly in the harvester＇s grain cleaning system, with the objective to reduce the costs and improve the ergonomic aspect, keeping the same efficiency from the original project. The improvement was developed by studying the original design and identifying possible project fails, such as components and manufacturing process which could be eliminated. For this, it was needed to do a research about rules and project considerations that must be applied in the products development and ergonomic too, specifically about geometric forms and anthropometric measures. From the redesign of this system, it is verified that it is possible by a study to identify possible improvements, and to develop a new system by a simple project, improving the ergonomic, reducing the cost and keeping the same efficacy from the original project.展开更多
The study was designed to investigate into the level of cassava commercialization, extent of gender effects and other factors on household commercialization index （HCI） of cassava in both rural and peri-urban areas ...The study was designed to investigate into the level of cassava commercialization, extent of gender effects and other factors on household commercialization index （HCI） of cassava in both rural and peri-urban areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. The study used a stratified random sampling technique to select 50 cassava farmers each from Etche and Ekwerre LGAs of the state （i.e. 100 farmers in all）. A set of structured questionnaire and interview schedule was used to retrieve information from the farmers. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Chow test and truncated regression analysis model based on Maximum Likelihood derived from Censored Normal or TOBIT approach. It was found that significant difference exist in the HC1 of rural farmers （49%） and peri-urban （40%）. The drivers of HCI varied across the areas but on the whole it was noted that gender, farm size, distance to market, labour, farming experience, price of cassava and access to market information signiftcantly influenced the probability of expanding the scale of commercialization of cassava in the area. It was recommended that government and interested bodies should give priority to women in designing and implementing cassava commercialization programmes policies that will improve farmers access to land and also help build on capacities of the farmers to commercialize such as access to extension service, establishment of market information service （MIS）, development of market and transport infrastructure were recommended too.展开更多
In the last two decades, the global interest on farmland grew at a remarkable pace. As a consequence, million hectares of land exchanged hands. The ways the transfers happened combined with their geographic concentrat...In the last two decades, the global interest on farmland grew at a remarkable pace. As a consequence, million hectares of land exchanged hands. The ways the transfers happened combined with their geographic concentration in Sub-Saharian Africa, have earned the phenomenon the name of ＂land grab＂. The agricultural sector considered a ＂sunset industry＂ when commodities prices were declining, is now attractive to financial investors. These foreign investments may be good as they may improve agricultural productivity or instead bad as they may benefit only financial investors. Some results in terms of environmental and local communities＇ worsening conditions have already emerged. This paper aims to investigate what drives the big size transfers of land, to empirically estimate their effects in terms of local employment and to assess the environmental effects produced by the rapid transformation in the use of vast amount of land in terms of CO2 emissions. It is also proposed to use the estimation in terms of local employment impact as a way of distinguishing between foreign direct investment and land grabbing.展开更多
The profitability of broiler chicken production depends on many interrelated factors, such as the size of the farm, farming system, the genetic potential, feed price and the quality of chicken meat obtained as a final...The profitability of broiler chicken production depends on many interrelated factors, such as the size of the farm, farming system, the genetic potential, feed price and the quality of chicken meat obtained as a final product, e.g., meat, and a strategy of their sales on the domestic and foreign market. Economic analysis were conducted in randomly selected farms growing commercial broilers, from April 2008 to March 2013 （28 cycles all together）, at the same time in three buildings, with 46 thousands to 54 thousands one-day chickens. In the analyzed period, broilers were reared for 35-50 d. The average slaughter body mass ranged from 2.36 kg to 2.99 kg with feed conversion ratio （FCR） 1.68 kg of feed/kg of body weight gain to 1.78 kg of feed/kg of body weight gain. Stock mortality at that time ranged from 3.5% to 6.4%. On the basis of macroeconomic data, a clear relationship between the increase in the period particularly from 2004 onwards, prices of feed 33.6% and the purchase price of livestock 22.5% in the case of the evaluated farms were found. These values were 27.9% and 31.7%, respectively. From the analysis of the relationship between different types of broiler production costs, it was concluded that the main determinant of the profitability of live poultry production was the cost of feed and first of all was the prices of feed. This means that the boom in live poultry production is variable, resulting in consequences for production and income.展开更多
This study is of conceptual nature and analyzes the annual reports of agriculture ministry. Albania is an economy characterized by a high percentage of agriculture of gross domestic product （GDP） with 25%. Actually,...This study is of conceptual nature and analyzes the annual reports of agriculture ministry. Albania is an economy characterized by a high percentage of agriculture of gross domestic product （GDP） with 25%. Actually, Albania for many decades and varied reasons will remain, to the future, a country where agriculture and especially livestock will play an important role. This paper starts from the actual situation and tries to find solutions to any effective management＇s problems. Treatments in this paper are based on literature reviews and combined with empirical research. Part of this article clarifies the scope of modem agricultural business and the impacts of circumstances of biological parameters on a sustainable livestock.展开更多
文摘The development of e-commerce in agriculture is our weak link in the e-commerce system, the formation of agricultural industrialization and modernization of agriculture development incentives did not play its due role. Improvement of agricultural e-commerce model is to provide a more direct way of agricultural e-commerce operations performance. Based on this, this paper analyzes the status quo of e-commerce development of agricultural markets, and it is to explore the complete path of agricultural development of electronic commerce.
文摘Currently, Brazilian buses are divided in three categories： city buses, intercity buses and coaches. That categorization results from the understanding that citizens only need to move around urban perimeters. However, the current bus models available do not fully meet legal demands or cater for all of society＇s demands. Rural workers and students that live in rural areas also must be conveyed in buses and minibuses. Municipal and state directives prohibit employers to convey them in improper vehicles, such as trucks. Social demands, on the other hand, can be i[llustrated by federal and state programs that provide vehicles to transport students who dwell in rural settings. Accordingly, this paper proposes a new categorization of bus models available in the Brazilian market, which should account for the unique local operating conditions rural buses face, instead of only considering the type of service they provide. Further, a purpose-built vehicle is suggested i[n order to cater for the needs of rural workers and students. Rural students represent, in average, five million rural school bus riders.
文摘The food retail business has undergone a number of structural changes due to increasingly globalized markets and internationalization. Former nationally oriented retailers have suddenly become global. This process also affects new structures in agribusiness, most notably as general retailers export their business models. A comparison of the development and the impact of globalization in the retail sectors of different transition countries reveals varied opportunities for and threats to the participants in agribusiness.
文摘A double-cropping field study was conducted at the Colorado State University, Fruita. Colorado USA to evaluate an irrigated, double-cropping system of winter barley （Hordeum vulgare L.） followed by pinto bean （Phaseolus vutgaris L.） for the valley areas of western Colorado USA and other similar environments. Double-cropping pinto bean after winter barley was successful, but to use our double-cropping technology in commercial agriculture in adapted locations will likely require identifying or developing a winter barley cultivar that matures earlier than current cultivars but does not head and flower so early that it is susceptible to freeze damage. Double-cropping was more profitable in all three years than growing either pinto bean or winter barley as a sole crop.
文摘Due to high competition of the agriculture machines sector, the auto parts suppliers are investing in research to promote the development and reduce the costs of the products, passing these results to their clients who are the automakers. It was identified the need to redesign the regulation sieve system harvester, which is a compound assembly in the harvester＇s grain cleaning system, with the objective to reduce the costs and improve the ergonomic aspect, keeping the same efficiency from the original project. The improvement was developed by studying the original design and identifying possible project fails, such as components and manufacturing process which could be eliminated. For this, it was needed to do a research about rules and project considerations that must be applied in the products development and ergonomic too, specifically about geometric forms and anthropometric measures. From the redesign of this system, it is verified that it is possible by a study to identify possible improvements, and to develop a new system by a simple project, improving the ergonomic, reducing the cost and keeping the same efficacy from the original project.
文摘The study was designed to investigate into the level of cassava commercialization, extent of gender effects and other factors on household commercialization index （HCI） of cassava in both rural and peri-urban areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. The study used a stratified random sampling technique to select 50 cassava farmers each from Etche and Ekwerre LGAs of the state （i.e. 100 farmers in all）. A set of structured questionnaire and interview schedule was used to retrieve information from the farmers. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Chow test and truncated regression analysis model based on Maximum Likelihood derived from Censored Normal or TOBIT approach. It was found that significant difference exist in the HC1 of rural farmers （49%） and peri-urban （40%）. The drivers of HCI varied across the areas but on the whole it was noted that gender, farm size, distance to market, labour, farming experience, price of cassava and access to market information signiftcantly influenced the probability of expanding the scale of commercialization of cassava in the area. It was recommended that government and interested bodies should give priority to women in designing and implementing cassava commercialization programmes policies that will improve farmers access to land and also help build on capacities of the farmers to commercialize such as access to extension service, establishment of market information service （MIS）, development of market and transport infrastructure were recommended too.
文摘In the last two decades, the global interest on farmland grew at a remarkable pace. As a consequence, million hectares of land exchanged hands. The ways the transfers happened combined with their geographic concentration in Sub-Saharian Africa, have earned the phenomenon the name of ＂land grab＂. The agricultural sector considered a ＂sunset industry＂ when commodities prices were declining, is now attractive to financial investors. These foreign investments may be good as they may improve agricultural productivity or instead bad as they may benefit only financial investors. Some results in terms of environmental and local communities＇ worsening conditions have already emerged. This paper aims to investigate what drives the big size transfers of land, to empirically estimate their effects in terms of local employment and to assess the environmental effects produced by the rapid transformation in the use of vast amount of land in terms of CO2 emissions. It is also proposed to use the estimation in terms of local employment impact as a way of distinguishing between foreign direct investment and land grabbing.
文摘The profitability of broiler chicken production depends on many interrelated factors, such as the size of the farm, farming system, the genetic potential, feed price and the quality of chicken meat obtained as a final product, e.g., meat, and a strategy of their sales on the domestic and foreign market. Economic analysis were conducted in randomly selected farms growing commercial broilers, from April 2008 to March 2013 （28 cycles all together）, at the same time in three buildings, with 46 thousands to 54 thousands one-day chickens. In the analyzed period, broilers were reared for 35-50 d. The average slaughter body mass ranged from 2.36 kg to 2.99 kg with feed conversion ratio （FCR） 1.68 kg of feed/kg of body weight gain to 1.78 kg of feed/kg of body weight gain. Stock mortality at that time ranged from 3.5% to 6.4%. On the basis of macroeconomic data, a clear relationship between the increase in the period particularly from 2004 onwards, prices of feed 33.6% and the purchase price of livestock 22.5% in the case of the evaluated farms were found. These values were 27.9% and 31.7%, respectively. From the analysis of the relationship between different types of broiler production costs, it was concluded that the main determinant of the profitability of live poultry production was the cost of feed and first of all was the prices of feed. This means that the boom in live poultry production is variable, resulting in consequences for production and income.
文摘This study is of conceptual nature and analyzes the annual reports of agriculture ministry. Albania is an economy characterized by a high percentage of agriculture of gross domestic product （GDP） with 25%. Actually, Albania for many decades and varied reasons will remain, to the future, a country where agriculture and especially livestock will play an important role. This paper starts from the actual situation and tries to find solutions to any effective management＇s problems. Treatments in this paper are based on literature reviews and combined with empirical research. Part of this article clarifies the scope of modem agricultural business and the impacts of circumstances of biological parameters on a sustainable livestock.
