智慧农场建设的相关技术及实践应用

智慧农场是备受关注和快速发展的领域,构建可持续发展的智慧农场是研究的一个焦点。本文探讨智慧农场可持续化发展的关键技术要素以及其之间的关系,并以万通农场庄园的实践应用,探讨智慧农场可持续化关系图。研究的结果表明,智慧农场可持续化发展的基本要素在于关键技术的发展,关键技术构建了基本框架,而基本框架的不断改进又推动了智慧农场的可持续化发展,可持续发展的智慧农场能够不断适应市场发展前景,市场需求最终也推动了技术革新。

农业技术推广存在的问题和应对措施

我国是一个以种植业为主的农业大国,改革开放以来,我国的农业在技术推广过程中取得了显著成绩,而这些显著成绩离不开农业技术的推广。本文对农场农业技术推广的意义进行了阐述,剖析了在实际推广中所出现的问题,并给出可实施的解决措施。

果树刮皮灭虫新法

冬季有不少果树害虫和它们的卵、幼虫、蛹等在树上老皮和粗翘皮下越冬，刮皮是消灭这些越冬病虫害的重要方法之一。 过去刮树皮的习惯，只限于刮主干上的粗裂皮。这样不但起不到消灭害虫的作用，反而消灭了害虫的天敌，无形中保护和助长了害虫的发生和蔓延。 据我们农场技术处观察发现：不少害虫在主干部位越冬的很少，在主干分枝以上越冬的则很多。尤其发现山楂红蜘蛛等害虫在分枝以上越冬的占总头数的70％以上，而红蜘蛛的天敌如小花椿、食螨瓢虫在主干粗皮翘皮内越冬的达90％以上，而在分枝以上越冬的却很少。因此，树的上部比下部越冬害虫多而且集中。所以过去传统的刮皮方法应改进，在刮主干粗皮的同时。

Post-Harvest Technology Transfer to Reduce on Farm Grain Losses in Kitui District, Kenya

Training and demonstrations as a means of post harvest technology transfer at farm level were conducted in 5 divisions of Kitui district. The aim was to reinforce farmers＇ knowledge about storage and help them select proper application methods of pest control suitable for their storage. A total of 163 participants were trained in various storage pest management topics. Before each demonstration, farmers listed their common methods of mixing grain with chemical dusts. Shovel mixing on tarpaulin or wheelbarrows and in-bag stick mixing were evaluated alongside the research way of using the shovel for grain mixing and the ＂fuffle＂, a more efficient device for mixing grain with chemical dusts. Only the 1.6% pirimiphos methyl/0.3% permethrin （Actellic super dust） was used and the treated and untreated controls were stored on site in 90 kg bags. After two months, damage and live infestation were assessed in 1 kg samples drawn from each mixing method. Despite lack of uniformity of grain due to different sources, farmers were able to identify the mixing methods which gave better results. KARl methods appeared better and the fhffle was rated as an effective and labour saving tool and farmers were keen to have it fabricated by local artisans.

Effect of Introduction of Irrigation on Technical Efficiency of Olive-Growing Farms in Tunisia

This paper investigates the effect of the introduction of an irrigation technique on the technical efficiency of olive production in a sample of olive-growing farms in Tunisia, estimating the Cobb-Douglas form of stochastic frontier production function. Results indicate that estimated technical efficiency scores vary, ranging from a minimum of 3.0% to a maximum of 91.2% with a mean value of 61.2%. This suggests that olive-growing farms in Tunisia can increase their production on average by 38.8% through more efficient use of technology and inputs. The introduction of irrigation increased productivity, however, the estimated technical efficiency of irrigated olive farms varies across farms and they are less efficient than non-irrigated farms. This finding suggests that the introduction of irrigation to non-irrigated farms has the potential to increase production levels, however, the current production of the irrigated farms is far from the ＂best practice frontier＂ that realizes maximum possible output. Accumulation of experience and knowledge by farm owners and selection of olive cultivar significantly contribute to improving technical efficiency.

Sugar and Fodder Beet Industry and Business in Poland

A general situation of the sugar beet industry and business in the European Union(EU) has been presented. It included the quotas of sugar production there, its prices and changes on the market. The latest sugar production data in the world was also given. The main companies carrying out activities on the Polish sugar and sugar beet seeds were also presented.New circumstances after liberating the sugar market in the EU in October, 2017, were also presented. Nowadays, Poland has been a great potential country for further technological progress in agricultural holdings and growing performance in sugar processing and production industry. As food export from Poland increases, it will be followed by increasing use of sugar. Examples are given to improve sugar beet productivity.

The innovation of China＇s farm products marketing

Aimed at the current actuality of farm products in China, the key point is the innovation of marketing if we want to share farm products market. This article discusses on four aspects： The innovation of both tactics and strategies of the farm products marketing; using the new marketing means, selling the products on Internet; improving the standard of the products, opening out the green products; the new sale mode. This article will give the active effect for the China＇s farm products market ing.

Stochastic Production Frontiers and Decomposition of Output Growth： The Case of Citrus-Growing Farms in Tunisia

Abstract： The aim of this paper is to investigate the relative contribution of technical efficiency, technological change and increased input use to the output growth of the Tunisian citrus growing farms using a stochastic frontier production function approach applied to panel data for the period 2003-2005. Knowledge of the relative contribution of factors productivity and input use to output growth and improvements in technical efficiency is crucial to provide a comprehensive view of the state of the citrus producing sector in the country and help farm managers and policy makers draw appropriate policy measures. The proposed methodology is based on the use of a flexible translog functional form. Results indicate that technical efficiency of production in citrus producing farms investigated ranges from a minimum of 11.19% to a maximum of 96.82% with an average technical efficiency estimate of 49.97%. This suggests that citrus producers may increase their production by as much as 50.03% through more efficient use of production inputs. Furthermore, the production is characterized by increasing returns to scale, which on average was 1.057. Finally, investigation of the sources of production growth reveals that the contribution of total factor productivity is found to be the main source of that growth.