空心化背景下农村养老困境与完善路径

由于我国长期的城乡二元结构,农村与城市发展存在极大的不均衡性。农村社会保障相对缺乏,养老资源相对不足。伴随城市化进程的加快,农村的土地保障功能弱化,家庭养老功能变迁加之人口老龄化的冲击,农村养老问题日益突出,农村人口大量外流,出现空心化,传统的养老模式已难以适应农村的发展,发展新型的适合农村当前实际的养老模式势在必行。

代际关系视角下欠发达地区农村养老困境分析

当前,新农保已经实现了广覆盖,但由于其保障水平较低,农村尤其时欠发达地区的农村的养老仍主要依靠家庭。但随着农村从乡土社会向后乡土社会的转变,农村家庭的代际关系产生了巨变,老年亲代地位下降、代际重心下移,代际支持与反馈失衡。本文从代际视角出发,分析了当前欠发达地区农村养老困境的根源,并提出了建议。

习近平二十大“多元”养老观新探索——基于农村养老视角

随着人口的老龄化,养老问题逐渐凸显,农村养老又是养老整体中特殊且脆弱的一环,一方面它是制度性养老最薄弱的环节,另一方面伴随着农村市场化,传统家庭养老又在逐渐淡化。针对这个问题,党的二十大报告中的“多元”养老观给出了有益的探索,养老具有多重含义,不仅仅指基本的经济性养老、健康性养老,还包括发展性的含义:情感性养老、社会礼仪性养老和公共服务的养老,这种养老思想为解决农村养老困境提供了理论与政策的支持。

Social differentiation by age group and resource difficulties encountered in the rural system of family support for the elderly

This paper focuses on social equity issues among different age groups and generations in rural society and rural families in China. The researchers describe the material and social living condition of the elderly in rural areas, pointing out their relative poverty and the structural contradiction between the deterioration in their quality of life and socioeconomic position and the gradual improvement overall in rural living standards. They see this as evidence of social differentiation based on age and generation. The paper further provides an analysis of the resource difficulties encountered by the system of family support for the elderly that illustrates how economic, social and cultural developments affect the lives, power and rights of the elderly through changes in the rural family system and intergenerational familial relations.