中国式现代化视域下农村高质量发展的动力机制与实现路径研究

党的二十届三中全会强调,必须以新发展理念引领中国经济高质量发展,推进中国式现代化。农村高质量发展是中国式现代化的重要组成部分,是推进中国式现代化的重要支撑。党的十八大以来,围绕农村高质量发展,党和国家作出了一系列重要决策部署,将农村高质量发展提升到了新的高度。然而,受限于土地、人才、资本、技术等要素制约,我国农村高质量发展仍面临动力不足的问题。增强农村高质量发展动力,要以服务“乡村全面振兴、实现中国式农业现代化”为战略方向,按照“农民参与、市场拉动、技术驱动、政府推动”的原则,从内生动力和外生动力两个层面,统筹推进乡村产业发展、乡村集体经济发展、乡村数字化技术应用、乡村社会治理和乡村强农惠农富农制度建设。

我国城镇化与农村劳动力转移协调发展研究进展

以城镇化引领未来一个时期经济平稳健康发展,是我国经济发展的战略选择。改革开放以来,我国城镇化在快速推进的同时,也存在着质量不高的问题。尤其是城镇化率虚高,城镇化与农村劳动力转移不协调,带来一系列的经济社会问题。目前,新型城镇化的实践探索刚刚起步,处理好城镇化进程中的农村劳动力转移问题对于提高城镇化质量、推进农村劳动力有序转移至为关键。文章对近年来我国城镇化与农村劳动力转移协调发展方面的研究进行了归纳总结,指出了研究中存在的问题并提出今后研究的重点:加强基础理论创新,加强定量研究,加强特定地域研究,加强新型城镇化战略研究。

农村产权制度改革的条件、内容及功效分析

深化农村改革的核心是推进农村产权制度改革。无论是理论准备、法律制度,还是农村经济条件的变化,进行农村产权制度改革的条件已经成熟。各地近年来也进行了许多有益的探索,提供了许多成功的经验。农村产权制度改革包括创新耕地保护机制、农村集体土地和房屋确权、农村土地使用权和农村房屋流转三个方面的内容。农村产权制度改革有利于加强耕地保护,促进农民增收致富,促进我国工业化和城市化进程,促进我国现代农业的发展,同时,也有利于完善社会主义市场经济体系,促进农村资源和城市资源在全社会范围内统一配置,从而提高资源配置的效率。

Labor Market Aspects of the ＂New Rurality＂： Employment, Commuting and Entrepreneurship in Rural Sweden

Around two thirds of the Swedish rural areas experienced positive net migration during the period 2003-2005. This paper examines the development in the Swedish rural areas from the perspective of the ＂new rurality＂ or the new rural economic order with regard to migratory movements. The paper analyzes determinants of net migration to rural areas in general and to different types of regions, and the impacts of in-migration on rural labor markets, self-employment and other socio-economic conditions. The determinants of the migration pattern were mainly the size of adjacent local and regional centers, income and education levels that all had positive impacts, while commuting distance and unemployment rate had contrary effects. In comparison with the original inhabitants, the newcomers had lower incomes, a lower employment ratio and a lower degree of entrepreneurial activities, but higher education levels. These differences might be explained by the age differences between stayers （older） and in-migrants （younger）. This indicates that the two groups were in different stages of their life cycles. One central conclusion drawn from the paper is that the effect of in-migration on the composition of the rural population is about the same in rural areas all over Sweden.

Rural Labor Migration and Poverty Reduction in China

Using various sources of data, this paper examines the contributions of rural labor migration to economic growth and poverty reduction in China. The results show that there is still a significant number of people living in poverty in rural areas, while the effectiveness of migration on poverty reduction has declined, implying an urgent need for new approaches to poverty reduction. China＇s experiences could also be valuable for the formulation of development strategies in other developing countries.