农村地区学龄前儿童龋病流行病学调查分析

目的：调查当地5～7岁儿童患龋率及龋均。方法：依据《口腔健康调查基本方法》的标准时我镇390名幼儿园儿童牙齿健康状况进行调查。结果：镇上幼儿园儿童的患龋率为51．5％，龋均程度为4．7，年龄不断增长的同时儿童的龋齿数量随之增多。结论：要充分利用牙病防治所和社区卫生服务中心的作用，卫生部门尽早对居民口腔健康情况进行干预，把正确有效的口腔保健观念传播出去，降低儿童患龋率和龋均。

Investigation of Relationship with Health Problems and Environmental Problems in the Silivri District of Istanbul

The purpose of this study is to investigate relationship between health and environmental problems in the district of Istanbul. This study is a cross-sectional questionnaire study that was conducted in the Silivri among the dates of 25th May-24th July, 2015. Questionnaires were conducted from 221 people living in Silivri with face to face interviews by researchers. Most of participants （82.4%） thought the presence of hazardous environmental factors deteriorated their health （n = 182）. Water pollution （48.4%, n = 107） and absence of free water （50.7%, n = 112） were the most common complaints of the participants. Analyzing distribution of factors which disrupt health and history of chronic disease to urban and rural areas revealed more complaints about those factors and diseases in the rural areas than urban areas. The most common chronic diseases diagnosed were hypertension （15.8%, n = 35）, chronic lung diseases （10.4%, n = 23）, diabetes and coronary artery disease. Silivri people reported a lot of environmental problems which impair the public health. People living in villages close to industrial zone and seas which have marine pollution have more history of diseases and report more factors that negatively influence the health than people living in urban area.

On The Rational Dimension of Eco-city Construction

Reasonable ＂eco-city＂in the external between urban and rural areas should make a complete ecological cycle of the system, so that the internal energy efficiency and low pollution, resource use environmentally clean, quiet comfortable life of the people, as well as other elements of the organic： unity of urban greening. So, ＂Eco-City＂, ＂urban ecology＂ are two heterogeneous areas should be treated differently. However, in rural and urban dualistic situation, China advocated ＂ecological city＂ ignored the rural ecological balance, resulting in ＂eco-city＂development directly into＂ urban ecology＂ construction within the city along with the waste of resources, water pollution, serious problems of air pollution, noise pollution, the deep ＂eco-city＂ into representation＂ urban ecology＂, in the standard does not cover up the sound, making the generation between rural and urban＂ material Rift ,＂after all ,can not be filled.

Study on the difference of payment time of medical insurance in China

Since medical insurance of our country developed, it is continued to deepen reform and became the basic form of the pcrfcct medical insurance system. However, regional differences still exist. The current medical insurance system of China＇s urban and rural structure background of two structures of serious, city residents, workers and rural residents is significantly difference in the payment period ,for this question ,the difference between our country will solve the basic medical insurance payment period, the relative level of regulating wages and medical people in our country and develop the medical insurance level, narrow the regional differences, reduce cost problem caused by population flow management, the basic medical insurance system for suggestions to improve the unified and promoting the social and economic level, people＇s medical security level, perfect improvement of physical insurance system of medical insurance according to the long-term sustainable development has a far-reaching significance.

The analysis of the rural cooperative finance characteristic

The paper set off from the nature characteristics of rural cooperation finance, analyzing the finance cooperation in our rural areas. It points out that the supporting strength is difficult to maintain the need of simple reproduction, disturbing the consistence between the intense need of the important peasant household and the market-oriented development of enterprise produce What is more, and functional cultivating becomes reverse circulation, forming shoulders adjustment mechanism in the majority of our rural areas. In the long run, if we want to break the influence of the long-term effect of dual economy between urban and rural areas, plan the development of urban and rural as a whole, build socialism new rural area, the key is to comply with the principle ＂root in rural area, originally in the peasant, quality in cooperation ＂, build and perfect the serve system of rural cooperation finance.

Identity Transformation and Autonomy Development of Female Student English Teachers From Rural China

Previous studies on Chinese English teachers’identity and autonomy have overlooked the group of female student-teachers(FSTs)from rural areas.Drawing on data from questionnaire responses,narrative frames and semi-structured interviews with research participants,this study first depicts the trajectories of identity construction and autonomy development of nine female student-teachers,and then identifies three main factors that affected their transformation from English learners to student English teachers,and the development of autonomy in such a process.The three factors are gendered ideology,affinity groups and family finance.This study concludes with some implications for policy makers and teacher educators on how to empower female student English teachers from rural China to transform from English learners to English teachers,and how to enhance their autonomy in such a transformation.