论政府在川西农村地区可持续发展中的主导作用

在对川西农村实地调查采访的基础上 ,通过对收集资料、数据的统计和分析 ,本文提出川西农村“打工经济”取代传统“种植经济”成为农村主流经济的观点。并认为基层人民政府对此变化应提出相应的改革措施。在此基础上 ,通过对村民发展意识、生态环境与经济发展问题的分析 ,论证了川西地区经济社会的可持续发展 ,需要基层人民政府积极主动地发挥其主导作用的观点。

清代川西农村土地占有变迁考察——《成都龙泉驿百年契约文书》中土地买卖研究

清代四川农村的土地占有,在"湖广填四川"初期,移民可以在无主荒地"任其插占,听其垦殖",获得一定数量的土地权;此外,主要是通过买卖方式来实现转让或获取土地所有权。清朝三百年间,农村土地买卖实现着土地占有权在不同经济实力层次的社会群体中的变迁,促使这种变迁的条件,不同时期有不同的特点。《成都龙泉驿百年契约文书》中的记载,是揭示川西农村土地占有权变迁的珍贵历史依据。

川渝农村地区避孕措施的使用及服务状况调查

目的:了解川渝农村地区避孕节育的使用和服务状况,探讨影响计划生育服务质量的因素并提出改进意见。方法:采用定性与定量研究方法,调查育龄妇女避孕措施使用情况,并对计划生育服务站的设施和服务进行调查。结果:育龄妇女普遍缺乏避孕知识,70％以上的育龄妇女选用宫内节育器避孕。技术人员很少提供避孕节育的咨询、随访服务;服务过程中存在忽视生殖道感染等问题。一些技术人员对避孕节育知识掌握片面或不正确,村计生专干难以对避孕药具使用者提供有效的咨询及随访工作。结论:为提高农村避孕节育优质服务水平,应在宣教中增加避孕节育知识新内容;加强对技术服务人员知识、咨询、随访方面的教育和培训;结合计划生育开展生殖健康服务。

川西北地区农村污水处理运营管理问题与对策

西北地区河流大多属于季节性河流,河流水量季节性变化较大,水质较差,水环境纳污能力不足,污水处理厂入河排污口论证报告编制难度较大。本文在总结前人工作的基础上,针对川西北地区农村存在的污水处理运营管理问题、现状以及对策进行深入分析,旨在为相关人员提供理论基础,从而不断促进系统处理效率的提高,为打造更好的智能污水处理管理平台而努力。

全面建设小康社会中的浙江小康农村体育人口研究

农村体育是我国群众体育发展的重点和难点,浙江小康农村体育是我国农村体育的一种典型,对它的研究具有代表意义。对浙江小康农村居民中的体育人口进行研究,从基本特征、经济状况、对体育活动的认识和影响因素、体育活动参加情况、体育消费状况和体育管理需求方面进行特征描述,分析影响小康农村中体育人口的因素,并提出针对性建议。

对川中丘陵农村大县教育创新策略的几点思考

川中丘陵农村大县是指地处四川中部丘陵地区，且人口多、财政收入以农业为主的县级区域。丘陵地形、人口多、农业为主是基本县情。川中丘陵农村大县要成为川中丘陵经济强县，首先要将丰富的劳动资源转变为丰富的人才资源，要将人口负担变成人才优势，要将人才优势转变为人才资本。而这些转变都有赖于教育创新与改革。这就要求我们必须坚定不移地实施科教兴县战略，

扩大生活视野 反映时代变革——省作协组织作家到工厂农村访问写作

作协四川分会今年以来连续组织、安排作家、诗人、文学评论家,编辑深入基层参观、访问,了解时代跳动的脉搏,感受社会主义四化建设新的生活气息,扩大眼界,提高对坚持社会主义文艺方向的认识,同时也积累创作素材。 今年开春,八十多岁高龄的老作家艾芜兴致勃勃地专程前往广汉,访问了农村专业户。作家周克芹除不断在川西农村深入生活、进行长篇小说创作外,四月中旬还同松鹰、栈桥等结伴前往著名钢铁基地攀枝花市,采访战斗在四化建设第一线的工人、技术人员和干部。作家克非长住绵阳青义镇,同农村生活保持着血肉联系,不断写出中、长篇小说。

川西鸡公车

鸡公车是改革开放前川西农村的主要运输工具。形如其名的鸡公车,前端像极了一个昂起的鸡头。整个车身约4尺来长,独轮,木制,轮缘根据道路情况裹以铁皮或硬质橡胶圈;轮子上部装有凸形护轮木板,可坐人载物。停着的时候。

川西农家婚礼

川西农家婚礼以讲究礼数著称.尽管如今免去了不少旧时的繁赘,但喜事喜办,仍是热闹依旧,无论哪家兴娶,整个村子都会呈现一派欢天喜地.嫁娶的日子一般按农历掐算.吉日一到,男方屋头便火火的铺排起来,上上下下洒扫庭院,里里外外张灯结彩,接着就是磨刀霍霍,刃向猪羊…….

Local Responses to Macro Development Policies and Their Effects on Rural System in China's Mountainous Regions:The Case of Shuanghe Village in Sichuan Province

China has promulgated a series of policies including the Western Development Program, the Grain for Green Project, agricultural support policies and building a new countryside strategy to eliminate east-west differences and urban-rural disparities since the late 1990s. This paper gives a holistic examination on local responses to the four typical macro socio-economic development policies and their effects on rural system based on a case study of a mountainous village in southern Sichuan Province. The results showed that the policies have not moved the case study village from its historically marginal status. To some extent, its socio-economic situation might have been worsened by accelerated out- migration of the youth, loss of agricultural land due to afforestation and industrial plants, increased fire hazard due to afforestation and reforestation, increased environmental pollution due to industrial enterprises attracted to the village and a steep decline in agricultural production due to loss of and inefficient use of cultivated land. Factors causing local villages' dilemmas include the nonuniformity of actors' objectives, finiteness of villagers' abilities, and the imperfect incentive and restraint mechanism for local government's activities under existing policy framework composed of uncoordinated one-size-fits- all policies. We suggest that China's rural policy in the new period should gradually shift from a sectoral to a place-based one, from top-down incentives to the development of bottom-up projects, and fully recognize the diversity of rural space, so as to lift localcapacities and make good use of the knowledge shared by different actors. Moreover, it is also necessary to integrate the various sectoral policies, and improve the interministerial and interdepartmental coordination of rural policies at regional and local levels.

The Influence of Gender and Other Characteristics on Rural Laborers' Employment Patterns in the Mountainous and Upland Areas of Sichuan,China

This study examines gender differences in rural laborers‘ employment patterns in the mountainous and upland areas of Sichuan, China. The analysis employs both representative survey data of 400 households and geographical data. Multinomial logistic regression models are used to analyze the influences of gender, among other factors, on employment decisions of rural males and females, where the factors considered include personal, household, community natural environmental characteristics. Dividing laborers into four categories, we find that the proportions of males who participating in on-farm, pluriactive, and off-farm work, and unemployment were 24.41%, 28.64%, 46.27%, and 0.68% respectively, while that of females who participating in on-farm, pluriactive, and offfarm work, and unemployment were 43.20%, 13.95%, 30.95%, and 11.90% respectively. As to individual characteristics, age(AGE) and physical condition(PHY) effects appeared to be more pronounced for men, while education(EDU) and marital status(MAR)effects appeared to be more pronounced for women. Regarding household and community characteristics, the effects of the presence in the household of children aged 6-(CHI), number of persons in the household(POP), and labor force(LAB), per capitaincome in village(INCV), and the development status of village enterprises(ENT) on women were greater than that on men. In addition, the presence in the household of elderly individuals aged 65+(OLD) and time to reach the nearest township(TIME) are shown to have opposite impacts on men and women. While the presence in the household of pupils(PUP) and per capital gross value of industrial output(GVIO) was found to be irresponsive to men and women taking pluriavtivity and off-farm job. With respect to natural environments characteristics, the effects on men were opposite of those on women. Unemployment of women was found to be particularly responsive to household characteristics. A multinomial regression approach is undertaken to analyze rural males‘ and females‘ decisions of the four employment patterns considered, an approach that reveals considerable heterogeneity that is concealed by the dichotomous approach employed in most previous studies. The study thus contributes to our understanding of rural employment patterns and gender difference in mountainous and upland areas.

Influences of labor migration on rural household land transfer:A case study of Sichuan Province,China

The influence of labor migration on rural household land transfer has been hotly debated in academic circles, which focuses on whether part-time employment leads to land transfer. Using survey data on rural households in the Sichuan Province, and applying the theoretical framework of new economics of labor migration, this study explores the influences of labor migration on the direction and scale of land transfer from the perspective of rural household structure. The results indicate that: 1) the quantity of laborers has significant influence on the direction and scale of land transfer. The larger the on-farm labor variable(Labor), the lesser the possibility that land will be rented-out and the amount of land rented out will also be smaller. In addition, there is a greater probability that land will be rented-in and the amount of land rented-in will be greater. 2) The greater the ratio of off-farm laborers to rural household laborers(Off-farm) the greater the possibility that land will be rented-out. In addition the higher the ratio of on-farm laborers to the total household laborers(On-farm), the larger the possibility that land will be rented-in. Meanwhile, if the household has individuals at the age of 64 or older(Old) who are engaged in agriculture, there is a smaller possibility that land will be rentedout. 3) the ratio of part-time laborers to rural household laborers(Pluriactivity) have significant inverse U-shaped influences on the rent-in of land as well as the amount of land rented-in. The inflection points are 33.27% and 14.10%, respectively. Such findings confirm the significance of this study in better understanding the influence of labor migration on rural household land transfer.

Rural community tourism in western Sichuan's Qiang nationality: a case study of Wulong Stockade

The importance of the local economy of the development of tourism resources in China＇s relatively underdeveloped minority areas is already common knowledge in academic and business circles. However it＇s necessary to research more on specific patterns of tourism development in these ethnic minority areas. This paper studies Wulong Stockade in Beichuan County in Sichuan Province and examines the distinctive experience of the local Qiang community about developing local tourism resources and the local funding of the development. It notes how the introduction of new re-afforestation laws of 1999 affected the traditional, agriculture-based economy and how a member of the communio： was a key motivator in initiating tourism as a new economic resource. It has also explored changes in the economic conditions of Qiang peasants since tourism began in Wulong Stockade, where local incomes have increased considerably. This paper focuses on a characteristic Qiang area in the mountains of western Sichuan, demonstrates the necessity and feasibility of community tourism development, and uggests that other ethnic minority mountain villages in rural areas draw lessons from Wulong Stockade＇s experience.

农村婚育观念以及家庭结构的变化——四川省邛崃市的调查

计划生育是我国的一项基本国策。实行计划生育以来,川西农村因其特殊的居住格局、生活观念和政府作为等多种因素使其婚育观念以及家庭结构发生了很大的变化。本文以四川省邛崃市为例,实地调查川西农村婚育观念以及家庭结构的新变化并进行分析。

Determinants of Public Goods Investment in Rural Communities in Mountainous Areas of Sichuan Province, China

This study aims to investigate two important issues: what are the determinants of public goods investment and what is the government's investment behavior in mountainous areas. The impacts of natural conditions, target, and demand elements on public goods investment are analyzed with statistical method, and the determinants of public goods investment in the areas are obtained by using population-weighted and stepwise regression models with Eviews6.0 software with survey data in 2008 and calculated data based on GIS of 20 typical villages in mountainous regions in Sichuan, China. The results showed:(1) natural conditions are the important determinants of public investment. Mountainous villages with steep slope have relatively high levels of investment;(2) concentration of population and the educational levels of the village leaders also have important impacts on public goods investment;(3) the government is more concerned with public investment resources particularly in areas characterized by fragile ecological environment and poor agricultural output. These results suggest that the current investment strategy helps to reduce disparities in regional development.

Rural migrants' participation in old-age insurance: a case study of the inter-provincial migrant workers from Sichuan, China

Old-age pension, a fundamental part of the Chinese social security system, is perceived by the Chinese government as the last support for rural-to-urban migrant workers upon retreating from the labor market. Using survey data collected by the authors, this paper examines a host of factors which influence migrant workers' participation in the old-age scheme. The result shows that individual characteristics, employment status, attitudes toward old-age support and perception of the old-age pension system significantly differentiate two groups of migrant workers between those that have participated in and their counterparts who have not participated in the old-age pension schemes. Among a number of factors, age, educational attainment, holding labor contract, etc. are found to be significant factors influencing migrants' behavior participating(or not participating) the available age-pension schemes. Policy implications for how to improve the rate of participation in existing old-age pension schemes among migrant workers are drawn from the findings.

Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Pluriactivity in Mountainous and Hilly Rural Areas of Sichuan Province,China

In this study, the current situation of pluriactivity in mountainous and hilly rural areas of Sichuan province was analyzed using representative sample survey data and natural factor data calculated based on 30 m-resolution DEM and GIS. Moreover, using logistic regression model, a quantitative analysis was conducted on factors influencing pluriactivity in terms of individuals, households, communities and natural environmental conditions. The results showed that, （1） only 17.77% of rural laborers in mountainous and hilly areas of Sichuan province were engaged in pluriactivity. Geographically, pluriactivity was mainly chosen according to the ＂proximity principle＂, and was concentrated in construction and service industries; （2） the following factors have a significant influence on whether rural laborers in hilly areas engage in pluriactivity： gender, number of years of education, marriage, number of laborers and time to towns. Those with little influence include： age, health, family size, arable land per capita and per capita income, whether there are elderly people over 75 years and children less than 3 years. According to the main factors affecting pluriaetivity, the government should enhance vocational skills training for rural laborers in mountainous and hilly areas, especially for female laborers, further improve transport accessibility and encourage rural laborers, especially female laborers to move into pluriactivity to increase the income of farm households.

Study on Status and Countermeasures of Rural Endowment Pattern in Sichuan Province

Sichuan rural endowment problem has become the problem epitome of aging society form in China in the future, and the establishment and improvement of Sichuan rural rational endowment pattern have important reference significance. This paper takes an analysis and discussion of Sichuan rural endowment pattern construction from the three aspects of Sichuan rural endowment pattern status and demand, Sichuan rural endowment pattern construction and rural endowment mode implementation guarantee measures.

地震灾后汶川灾区农村产业结构调整

农村产业结构调整是农村经济发展的重要内容之一,关系到农村经济发展与农民增收,农业产业结构调整,就是要发展市场农业,一切面向市场,最终价值通过市场来体现,以获取最大效益化为农业最终目标。以前,汶川县在充分利用现有资源优势的基础上,初步形成了较为合理的农村产业发展格局。2008年5月12日,汶川发生地震后给全县农村经济发展带来了毁灭性的破坏,农村产业发展面临新的选择。