“农田防护林学及复合农林学”课程教学改革与实践

针对当前高校学生对专业选修课重视程度逐年降低、选而不修的问题,用两年的时间对北京林业大学水土保持与荒漠化防治专业选修课"农田防护林学及复合农林学"的选课学生进行了有关教学与考核环节的调查。调查结果显示应结合课程特点进行教学与考核形式的改进:首先应对授课内容进行更新和整合;其次应增加研讨式和引导式教学环节,改进授课方式;第三,用结课论文、农田防护林学及复合农林学前沿领域文献汇报及规划设计相结合的方式进行考核。教学评价显示,2014年与2015年均有超过半数选课学生对该课程的教学评价结果为非常满意,缺课人数也大幅降低。这种对教学形式多元化以及考核方式多样化的改革有利于学生综合能力和专业素养的培养。

农林高校茶学专业公共化学课程思政实践探索

高校充分挖掘各类课程的德育元素开展课程思政,对于践行立德树人的教育目标、培养德智体全面发展的现代化人才具有不容忽视的作用。文章首先对农林高校茶学专业公共化学课程的思政教育功能进行了剖析,探讨了在该课程实施“课程思政”的必要性,最后结合实际提出了课程思政实践路径,以期为高校课程思政的发展和完善提供有效建议。

复合农林系统在城市景观中的效应及应用

复合农林是基于生态学、系统学原理由人工构建的生态系统,具有突出和可持续的生态、社会和经济效益,在城市景观营建中具有一定的应用前景。

A Preliminary Study on Biological Activity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn

[ Objective ] The insecticidal and antibacterial bioactivity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn were screened and bioactive substances in it were separated and purified. [ Method] The Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn was conducted ultrasonic extraction in petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol. The insecticidal activity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn to Mythimna separata walker and aphid were determined. The antibacterial activity of Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn to Fusarium graminearu, Glomerella cingulata, F. oxysporium f. sp niveum, Alternaria solani and Fusarium oxysporium were also determined. The bioactivity-guided methods such as opencolumn chromatography and Pre-HPLC method were used to separate active components in petroleum ether extract from Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn. [ Result] When the concentration was 500 mg/L, 3 kinds of extracts from Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn didn＇ t show obvious antibacterial bioactivity to 5 kinds of test samples. When the concentration was 5%, petroleum ether extract show certain topical toxicity to aphids. The ethyl acetate extract showed certain antifeedant activity to 3^rd instar Larvae of Mythimna separata Walker. The fraction F4 of petroleum ether extract possessed highest topical toxicity to aphids and the lethality was 60.00%. [ Conclusion] Wikstroemia chamaedaphne Meissn contained many insecticidal constituents whose active parts and mechanism were needed further researches.

Ecological Suitability Evaluation on Agricultural Land in Western Jilin Province Based on Fuzzy Mathematics

[Objective] This study was to evaluate the ecological suitability of agricultural land in western Jilin Province, with the aim to provide basis for the effective application of agricultural resources and the structural adjustment of land use. [Method] The evaluation index system was constructed based on fuzzy mathematic method according to the principles of systematic, dominant, effectiveness and feasibility; based on law of tolerance, reasonable evaluation criteria were determined according to the ecological amplitude of crops; based on GIS processing, the initial data completed the mathematical operation by using the VBA program in Excel. [Result] The area of agricultural land grade I was 5 512 km2, grade II of 25 985 km2, grade Ill of 7 907 km2, and area of land not suitable for agriculture was 6 312 km2. According to the evaluation results, the key areas for land use adjustment were Zhenlai County, Da＇an County, Tongyu County and western Changling County. The directions of land use adjustment included improving irrigation and drainage conditions, governing land salinization and conversion of cropland to forest and grassland. [Conclusion] This study provided basis for the effective application of agricultural resources and ecological environment construction in western Jilin Province.

Distribution of H-FABP mRNA in Hybrids of Songliao Black Pig×Sus scrofa

[ Objective] This study was to investigate the distribution of H-FABP mRNA in hybrids of Songliao black pig x Sus scrofa, so as to provide references for revealing the physiological functions of this gene. [Method] With the mRNA from different tissues as template, RT-PCR amplification was carried out for cloning cDNA of hybrid pig, which was then used for PCR reaction using specific primers; the amplification products were separated by gel electrophoresis and analyzed by sequencing for detecting the distribution pattern of H-FABP mRNA in hybrids of Songliao black pig x Sus scrofa. [ Result] H-FABP expressed in all the twelve tissues including subcutaneous fat, abdominal fat, mammary gland, Iongissimus dorsi muscle, dorsal deltoid muscle, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, ileum and duodenum. [ Conclusion] The wide distribution of H-FABP gene suggests that its functions are important and multiple.

Assessment of landscape ecology of agricultural protection forest system at Beizang Town, Daxing County, Beijing

Based on theories of protective forests and landscape ecology, the reasonableness of structures and patterns of shelterbelt system at Beizang Town, Daxing County, Beijing were analyzed and assessed from the two scales of forest belts and networks, by integrating uses of field investigation, GIS and RS techniques. Results showed that the existent main belt (3-12 m in width) was too narrow, while the assistant belt (3-27.1 m in width) was too wide; the species composition of the existent shelterbelts was single, and the structures and patterns of the shelterbelt system were unreasonable. It is suggested that the structure of the main and the assistant belts should be changed, such as increasing the width of main belts, decreasing the width of assistant belt, and planting more mixed species, and the pattern with arbores in the middle and shrubs in the sides of belts could be taken into account. For the landscape structure of forest network after regenerating or reconstruction, the grid number of closed network should be 13 per km2 and the minimum number of belts should be 34 per km2. This study also testified that integrating GIS and remote technique with landscape ecology could provide an effective method for reasonable reconstruction of the structures and patterns of shelterbelts system.

《苔藓植物的多样性》 《蕨类植物的多样性》 《苔藓植物和蕨类植物的生殖发育》音像教学片推介

哈尔滨师范大学教授、上海师范大学兼职教授包文美,与资深苔藓植物学家们,对百余种苔藓植物在自然界和显微镜下各个部分的形态特征。