红外分光光度法检验聚乙烯薄膜

用红外分光光度法对棉田地膜,水稻育秧地膜,超薄地膜,保鲜膜,包装袋薄膜,三层制多功能大棚膜,工业薄膜和广泛使用的一般薄膜进行测定,能为商品防假冒鉴别提供快速的定性分析方法手段。

A GIS-Based Database Management Package for Fertilizer Recommendations in Paddy Fields

Over-use of fertilizer in paddy fields could lead to agro-environmental pollution. Therefore, the Paddy Fertilizer Recommendation System (PFRS) application package was designed to aid in the dissemination of fertilizer recommendations for paddy fields. PFRS utilized geographical information system (GIS) ActiveX Controls, enabling the user to select a location of interest linked to a spatial database of paddy field soil characteristics. The application package also incorporated different soil fertilizer recommendation methods, forming a relational database. The application's structure consisted primarily of building database queries using Standard Query Language (SQL) constructed during run-time, based on user provided spatial parameters of a selected location, the type of soil desired and paddy production criteria. PFRS, which was comprised of five modules including: File, View, Edit, Layer and Fertilizer/Model, provided the user with map-based fertilizer recommendations based on selected soil nutrient P and K map layers as well as N characteristics and land use maps.

China’s Agricultural Modernization Strategy towards 2035

China’s agricultural modernization drive has made steady progress with great achievements.After six decades of development,China has reached the mid-stage of agricultural modernization.By the average pace of recent years,China is poised to attain agricultural and rural modernization by 2035,but progress will vary considerably across regions and sectors.A transition towards an agricultural powerhouse is the only path towards agricultural modernization.Being a large agricultural producer,China has yet to qualify as an agricultural powerhouse in terms of agricultural sufficiency,competitiveness,innovation,and sustainability.From the mid-and long-term perspective,our agricultural modernization should proceed in light of China’s rural reform experience,focusing on food security,agricultural industry,green transition,and agri-tech.With a regionally differentiated approach,China should aim to basically achieve agricultural and rural modernization in about 15 years and complete the transition towards an agricultural powerhouse in 20 years from 2020.

Environmental Issues Related to Chemical Fertilizer Use in China

The current status of chemical fertilizers production and consumption in China as well as their important roles in Chinese modern agriculture are discussed with special concerns to the environmental issues related to chemical fertilizer use. On the one hand, the total amount of chemical fertilizer produced is insufficient to meet the agricultural needs. On the other hand, the production and consumption of chemical fertilizers in China are obviously not balanced. In some areas over application of nitrogen fertilizers and loss of phosphate fertilizer due to soil erosion have resulted in some undesirable environmental problems such as increase of nitrate in water and eutrophication of water bodies. Maximum scientific uses of organic manures in combination with reasonable use of chemical fertilizers are part of good practices not only in increasing soil productivity and keeping sustainable agriculture development but also in mimimizing their detrimental effects on the environment.

Coping with Pressures of Modernization by Traditional Farmers: a Strategy for Sustainable Rural Development in Yunnan, China

Traditional farming practices conform to sustainable rural livelihoods, while agricultural modernisation tends to undermine these practices through various perturbations. A case study in Tengchong County (western Yunnan, China) shows that transformation of traditional alder (Alnus nepalensis) and dry rice (upland rice) rotational farming to introduced Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook.) plantations leads to localised water scarcity and soil fertility decline. While farmers are aware of ecological sustainability of traditional farming, they prefer Chinese fir forestry because it is less labour-intensive, has a high market value, and releases time for profitable off-farm work. Farmers adapt to economic liberalization by planting high value crops and trees. However, alternatives to make local agricultural production more profitable through competitive business strategies, cooperative approaches, innovations in integrating high value crops and 'downstream' processingfor sustainable rural livelihoods have been overlooked largely due to poor information availability and lack of organisational framework.

A Historical Overview of China's Upgrading of Its Industrial Structure

This paper investigates the history of upgrade of industrial structure in human society from a combined perspective of economic and philosophical history encompassing primitive society,ancient society and recent and modern society.As far as recent and modern society is concerned,this paper divides the upgrade into two basic aspects:the shifting dominant position of primary,secondary and tertiary industries,and that of laborintensive,capital-intensive and knowledge-intensive industries.Moreover,this paper has examined the history of upgrade of industrial structure in China since 1949 and identified that the upgrade of China's industrial structure demonstrates not only the characteristics of middle and late stages of industrialization but characteristics of modernization as well.According to the general pattern of upgrade of industrial structure in recent and modern society and China's reality,great efforts must be made to improve China's indigenous innovation capacity,expedite agriculture modernization,increase competitiveness and qualitative development of manufacturing sector,and vigorously promote service sector(especially producers services),environmental protection industry,culture industry and maritime industry.

Modeling Farm Management Modernization： Case Study of Japanese Rice Farming Corporations

While conventional family-owned and family-operated farms remain the most common structure, the number of Japanese agricultural corporations has increased in recent years as a result of changing policies. Some of them are possibly starting to adopt modem corporate management practices to remain viable in a more competitive environment. However, changes in the business structure have not always been accompanied by changes in farm management practices. This study represents a theoretical and empirical investigation into farm modernization practices to provide perspective and recommendations to enhance farm business. Various aspects of farm modernization were considered, including temporal, economic and functional modernization. Critical elements of farm modernization were examined using a structural equation model of surveys, wherein questionnaires were delivered to 2,260 agricultural corporations across Japan in 2014 and 2016, generating 669 usable responses from rice farming corporations. Overall, these corporations demonstrated moderate degrees of modernization, indicating that they have not yet completely transitioned from conventional management styles to modem corporate management and that the farm-household complex system still exists for many of them. It was also found that farm modernization is significantly affected by both production and business management systems, although it was unclear whether a farmer＇s managerial capabilities were critical for farm modernization. The findings of this study indicate that current farming corporations may benefit from incorporating additional modernization practices. The analytical framework and results will help farmers to better understand their management practices and can be used to provide ideas for policy development to promote competitive farm businesses.

Farmland Capitalization an Urgen issue in Institutional Reform

Developing modern agriculture is an important aspect of urban and rural integration. Chintz has adopted a new, highly compatible, multipronged approach. Judgingfrom current agricultural and rural policies, factors like capital, labor and land will continue to interact and revolve. The transformation of China＇s rural land tenure system is at a critical posifion in the overall strategy of developing tile rural economy. However, rural institutional reform will inevitably be constrained by the path and pattern China＇s industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization take. Creating a new pattern of urban and rural socioeconomic integration requires reform and improvement of rural grassroots governance structure. The interaction and reconsolidation of the factors have again become intertwined with the superstructure of rural society and will inevitably affect the direction and pace of rural grassroots governance structural reJbrm. Protecting the economic interests of farmers while respecting their democratic rights will always be at the heart of agricultural modernization.

Agriculture

Domestic grain prices to meet international levels next year China will increase do- mestic grain prices to interna- tional standards,said Zhang Xiaoqiang,vice chairman of the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC) on November in Beijing.

Research on the Shaanxi Urbanization and Agricultural Modernization Coordinated Development Pattern based on Game Theory

In this paper, we research on the Shaanxi urbanization and agricultural modernization coordinated development pattern based on the game theory. At present, the industrialization and the urbanization, agricultural modernization in our country obviously lags behind, which hindered the synchronous development of them. Therefore, with the internal relations between the empirical researches, we explore influence of industrialization and urbanization of agricultural modernization and path, to promote three synchronous developments which have important practical significance. Based on vector autoregressive model and game thinking, at the same time, we analysis the influence degree of the industrialization and urbanization of agricultural modernization and path in order to provide experience for the synchronous development of reference.

Discussion on China ＇s Agricultural Development during 2011-2015

During the 11th Five-year Plan period, China＇s agricultural productivity improved on all levels; the contribution rate of technologies to agriculture rose steadily, the agricultural service system was gradually restored and agricultural policy regimes were consummated. However, China＇s sustainable agricultural development faces severe tests such as agri-tech ＂short slabs＂ and poor collaborative operation. The 12＇h Five- year Plan period will bring both strategic opportunities and challenges. Brisker market demands and more agricultural inputs, a higher technical level and better policy regimes will drive development. On the other hand, agriculture will be confronted with more resource and environment constraints, fewer traditional comparative advantages and hidden hazards, etc. Over the next five years, China should stay its course to agricultural modernization based on its national conditions and the sustainable development concept and establish a ＂broad interpretation of grain security＂ to improve the productivity, risk- resistance capabilities and market competitiveness of its agricultural industry.

Thought on the Implementation of Agricultural Standardization in the Grain Production and Modern Agriculture

The construction of Grain Production Functional Zone and Modern Agicultural Zone （Two Zones for short） plays a key role in the development of modern agriculture and solving the quantity and quality problems of agricultural products. The Two Zones serves as the important form and carrier of agricultural standardization and the agricultural standardization provides means and ways for it. The paper puts forward the suggestions and solutions for agricultural standardization in Two Zones in the aspects of boosting standards innovation projects, management and so forth.

The Empirical Study of Social Insurance for Migrant Workers

The social insurance problem of migrant workers is one of the main social problems that need to be solved in the city modernization and industrialization construction in China. The outstanding reflections are that attaching less importance to social insurance system, too high insurance fee and not perfect security system and other phenomena. This paper focuses on the empirical study and analysis of this type of problems, in order to put forward the feasible solution of social insurance for migrant workers. The migrant workers generally refer to the labor workers of household registration as farmers working in towns for non-agricultural occupation. At present, China＇ s migrant workers has exceeded 2.6 billion, and this group has been long in the city and rural edge, difficult to get the social insurance policy. According to the National Bureau statistics data, the migrant workers of not buying industrial injury insurance, endowment insurance, medical insurance and unemployment insurance are respectively 67.64%, 73.37%, 73.77% and 84.65%. In order to guarantee the interests of vulnerable groups in the marginalized position, the social insurance problems of migrant workers have become the our focus.

姹紫嫣红竞芳菲——黑龙江垦区红兴隆管理局“一场一品”文化建设纪实

红兴隆以北大荒精神发祥地、中国农业现代化发源地、黑龙江垦区红色根据地的"三地"文化作背景,对区域的文化进行挖掘整理,形成具有特色的文化体系,打造了"一场一品"的文化发展特色,给经济超越发展注入了新活力。文化铸魂新城流韵走进八五二农场,城中的白桦林公园十分抢眼,耸立的将军碑让人可以了解到王震将军曾19次来到农场视察工作,这个公园与将军林。

Research on the Hunan Rural Tourism Electronic Commerce Application under Background of ＂Four Modernizations and Amphitypy＂

In this paper, we conduct research on the Hunan rural tourism electronic commerce application under background of “Four Modernizations and Amphitypy”. The emergence of Internet completely changed the tourist business original environment of competition, undermined the inherent balance. The tourist business must reexamine own competitive ability and development direction under the new situation, judges this enterprise to create to compete the new superior the possibility. In the development of the tourism, people’s attitudes towards the environment from indifference to passive attention to active the protection and construction, so as to rural ecological environment for the sustainable development has laid a solid foundation. In short, we should be optimistic about the tourism e-commerce, tourism e-commerce to see China’s tourism industry bring new development opportunities. This paper proposes the new idea on the issues that will promote the further development of the related industries.

Soil chemical properties under modern and traditional farming systems at Khagrachari,Chittagong Hill Tracts,Bangladesh

Land degradation in Chittagong hill tracts has been taking place due to shrinkage of forest cover, policy weakness, population explosion, and inappropriate hill farming system. Modem farming system in the Chittagong hill tracts like Sloping Agricultural Land Technology （SALT） is practiced to provide a new strategy for developing lands for economic productivity and bio-diversity conservation through establishment of ecological community rather than traditional shifting cultivation which is no longer sustainable according to the carrying capacity of ecosystem of Chittagong hill tracts. This study is to find out changing trends of soil chemical properties of sites under modem and traditional farming systems at Khagrachari district of Chittagong hill tracts. The result of the research shows that Sloping Agricultural Land Technology has significantly higher capacity of production due to the presence of the highest percentage of organic carbon, organic matter, compared with shifting cultivated site. The study recommends that shifting cultivation may be changed into a relatively stable semi-permanent farming system through developing participatory integrated farming systems to establish stable production environment in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.

Regional diversity of agricultural labor productivity and its driving force in east China

China＇s eastern area is at middle and later stage of industrialization during which the relation between urban and rural areas, industry, and agriculture appears maladjusted. The main problems are shrinkage in agricultural comparative earning and lack of driving force of agricultural development. Based on calculating agricultural labor productivity in east China from 1996 to 2005, this paper analyzes contributing degree of motive forces of agriculture develop in ten provinces and cities of east China applying GCA （Grey correlative analysis）. The results show that there is no absolute correspondence between the level of industrialization and agricultural labor productivity in China＇s eastern area. There is no synchronous development between industry and agricultural labor productiviry in some areas. Fertilizer and agricultural machinery input had high contributing degree for ten years; however; contributing degree in land and irrigation work input was low. Non-materialization inputs became the leading role in most provinces and cities＇ increase of agricultural labor productivity. Modern agricultural development need non-materialization inputs as primary motive force, at the same time, direct material input and facility input as guaranteed function. For some reasons, agricultural development is characterized by ＂more direct material input, less facility input ＂ in east China now. Optimal driving.force model of future agricultural development in east China is that non-materialization inputs are dominant, that perfected facility input arc guarantee, and that certain substance inputs are necessary

Quantitative characterization and comprehensive evaluation of regional water resources using the Three Red Lines method

Based on the synergetic development of new industrialization, rapid urbanization and agricultural modernization(IUAM), and from the viewpoint of interactive relationships between water resources and regional population, eco-environment, economy and society, the concepts of water resources intensity(WRI), water environment intensity(WEI), water resources relative efficiency(WRRE) and water environment relative efficiency(WERE) are defined with reference to energy intensity, resources efficiency and environment efficiency theory. On the basis of benchmarking theory, the quantitative characterization and evaluation method of "Three Red Lines"(the upper limit of water resources allocation, the baseline of utilization efficiency of water resources and the upper limit of sewage discharge) is proposed. According to these concepts and models, an empirical analysis of the Three Red Lines of water resources on the Chinese mainland between 2003 and 2012 was carried out. The results showed that total water consumption in eastern, central and western parts of China possesses "club convergence" characteristics, which means these areas have similar internal conditions appeared convergence in the development. Inter-provincial differences in water consumption continue to decrease, but the north–south differentiation characteristics in the eastern and central regions were still relatively obvious, while provincial differences in the eastern part were at a minimum and the central region had the largest. Water Resources Efficiency(WRE) of all four sectors in the Southwest rivers and Huaihe River basins were generally high. Industrial WRRE in the Songhua River, Yangtze River and Pearl River basins, agricultural WRRE in the Songhua River, Yellow River and northwestern river basins and domestic WRRE in the Liaohe River, Yangtze River and Pearl River basins were all low. Eco-environmental WRRE in the southeastern rivers and Yangtze River basins were low but showed an upward trend. Other river basins, except for the Northwestern rivers basin, had high eco-environmental WRRE with a downward trend. Western China, especially the northwestern part,had a low relative intensity of the water environment(WERI) and high integrated water environment management(IWEM) performance, but the relative intensities of the water resources(WRRI) were fairly high, and the comprehensive performance of integrated water resources management(IWRM) in these regions was low. In southern China, especially the southeastern part, the IWEM was fairly high, but the overall IWRM was lower.

Land consolidation engineering and modern agriculture: A case study from soil particles to agricultural systems

Land consolidation engineering is one of the very important ways to improve the quality of farmland and the level of agricultural productivity. Studies of land consolidation and crop cultivation still mainly focus on single land functional optimization or crop breeding and yields. However, whether the improved crop varieties were sown on healthy and fertile soils is still a question. This paper introduces new ideas and engineering measures for sandy land rehabilitation and modern agricultural development in the Mu Us Sandy Land, Shaanxi Province, Western China. The important roles of particles and aggregates in soil reconstruction were confirmed following three innovative microscopic theories, including micro-structure, micro-morphology and micro-mechanism. New soil was constructed based on the physical complementarity of sandy, clay and loess particles in the Yulin area, northern Shaanxi Province. Field experiments were carried out to study the appropriate mixture ratio of different soils and their suitability for different crops. The improved crop varieties were sown on healthy and fertile soils, which were chosen by coupling according to its soil ecological suitability and crop physiological adaptability. The fertility improvement practices in the new constructed soils with different crops integrated water and fertilizer management measures, which were also provided in the experiment. Overall, an integrated land optimization configuration with improved and optimized crop variety selection was suggested for engineering sandy land-oriented consolidation from the soil particles to the agricultural system.

Agriculture Modernization

Rural work conference maps out reform plans toimprove China＇s agriculture industryChina hopes to reform its agriculture sector this year to increase food produce quality,reduce the grain oversupply and help rural populations living in poverty achieve prosperity.The plan was laid out at the end of December of last year when Chinese leaders held a central rural work conference to review how the agriculture industry performed in 2015