PMTs(persistent,mobile and toxic compounds)是一类具有水相持久性和迁移性,且具有环境生物毒性的物质,其在环境中难降解或半衰期较长而且水溶性高,容易通过降水进入自然水体,在地下水及饮用水中持续累积,进而可能影响饮用水水质。本...PMTs(persistent,mobile and toxic compounds)是一类具有水相持久性和迁移性,且具有环境生物毒性的物质,其在环境中难降解或半衰期较长而且水溶性高,容易通过降水进入自然水体,在地下水及饮用水中持续累积,进而可能影响饮用水水质。本研究利用PMT预测软件结合名录比对法,开展农田中农药、酞酸酯、抗生素和激素等有毒有害物质的PMT属性的预测及验证。结果表明,模型预测结果具有较好的准确性,持久性(P)、可迁移性(M)、毒性(T)以及PMT的预测结果与已有数据相比一致率分别为89.3%、89.3%、77.9%和70.5%。建立了包含334种化学物质的农田污染物初筛名单,并识别出120种农田PMT污染物。本研究建立的农田PMT污染物快速筛选方法及清单,可为我国进一步开展PMT类污染物研究提供一定参考。展开更多
To evaluate the current state of the environmental quality of agricultural soils in Taiyuan City, a hotspot for China's industrial development, the concentrations of 8 heavy metals in soils were investigated by me...To evaluate the current state of the environmental quality of agricultural soils in Taiyuan City, a hotspot for China's industrial development, the concentrations of 8 heavy metals in soils were investigated by means of extensive sampling in farmlands, forestlands,and grasslands in the city. Statistical analyses and spatial distribution maps were used to identify the most significant heavy metal pollutants. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cr were slightly higher than their background values in Taiyuan's topsoil, but were lower than the maximum permissible concentrations in the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for agricultural soils. Farmland soils in Taiyuan had the highest average Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn, and Cr concentrations, but the As and Ni concentrations did not differ significantly among the farmland, forestland, and grasslands. Soil contamination by Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb,Zn, and Cr was mainly derived from farming practices, especially the use of sewage water for irrigation. In contrast, As and Ni might derive mainly from the soil parent material. The identification of heavy metal sources in agricultural soils may provide a basis for taking appropriate action to protect soil quality.展开更多
Scale pig production is an effective approach to improve farmers＇ income. Many pig feeding villages and intensive pig farms has presented rapidly in Center China in recent years, the focus of large quantity of manure...Scale pig production is an effective approach to improve farmers＇ income. Many pig feeding villages and intensive pig farms has presented rapidly in Center China in recent years, the focus of large quantity of manure and sewage discharged by pig farms has become the leading source of pollution in vast rural areas. How to dissolve the contravention between the development of scale pig production and the serious pollution caused by swine excreta in rural area is a complex systematic problem. An approach named Systems Dynamic Digraph Analysis Approach is presented in this paper. And the approach is applied to analyze the scale pig breeding system in small hill watershed area systematically. A case of Pingxiang Taihua pig farm in the west region of Jinggang Mountain, which is a typical intensive pig farm in small hill watershed area in Center China, was studied, after the systematical analyses with its system dynamic digraph, three common management policies are presented at the end of the paper.展开更多
文摘PMTs(persistent,mobile and toxic compounds)是一类具有水相持久性和迁移性,且具有环境生物毒性的物质,其在环境中难降解或半衰期较长而且水溶性高,容易通过降水进入自然水体,在地下水及饮用水中持续累积,进而可能影响饮用水水质。本研究利用PMT预测软件结合名录比对法,开展农田中农药、酞酸酯、抗生素和激素等有毒有害物质的PMT属性的预测及验证。结果表明,模型预测结果具有较好的准确性,持久性(P)、可迁移性(M)、毒性(T)以及PMT的预测结果与已有数据相比一致率分别为89.3%、89.3%、77.9%和70.5%。建立了包含334种化学物质的农田污染物初筛名单,并识别出120种农田PMT污染物。本研究建立的农田PMT污染物快速筛选方法及清单,可为我国进一步开展PMT类污染物研究提供一定参考。
基金supported by the Science & Technology Pillar Program of Shanxi Province, China (No. 20121101011)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41271513 and 41101013)
文摘To evaluate the current state of the environmental quality of agricultural soils in Taiyuan City, a hotspot for China's industrial development, the concentrations of 8 heavy metals in soils were investigated by means of extensive sampling in farmlands, forestlands,and grasslands in the city. Statistical analyses and spatial distribution maps were used to identify the most significant heavy metal pollutants. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cr were slightly higher than their background values in Taiyuan's topsoil, but were lower than the maximum permissible concentrations in the Chinese Environmental Quality Standard for agricultural soils. Farmland soils in Taiyuan had the highest average Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn, and Cr concentrations, but the As and Ni concentrations did not differ significantly among the farmland, forestland, and grasslands. Soil contamination by Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb,Zn, and Cr was mainly derived from farming practices, especially the use of sewage water for irrigation. In contrast, As and Ni might derive mainly from the soil parent material. The identification of heavy metal sources in agricultural soils may provide a basis for taking appropriate action to protect soil quality.
基金The research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China（70361002）.
文摘Scale pig production is an effective approach to improve farmers＇ income. Many pig feeding villages and intensive pig farms has presented rapidly in Center China in recent years, the focus of large quantity of manure and sewage discharged by pig farms has become the leading source of pollution in vast rural areas. How to dissolve the contravention between the development of scale pig production and the serious pollution caused by swine excreta in rural area is a complex systematic problem. An approach named Systems Dynamic Digraph Analysis Approach is presented in this paper. And the approach is applied to analyze the scale pig breeding system in small hill watershed area systematically. A case of Pingxiang Taihua pig farm in the west region of Jinggang Mountain, which is a typical intensive pig farm in small hill watershed area in Center China, was studied, after the systematical analyses with its system dynamic digraph, three common management policies are presented at the end of the paper.
